Security and the Role of New Technologies and Innovation in Medical Ethics

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-77
Author(s):  
Michał Chojnacki ◽  
Anita Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
New Challenges

Modern medicine has never before experienced such a rapid development of what is observed at the turn of the century. New opportunities bring new challenges that both - medical staff and patients - will have to face. The paper examines the role and safety issues new medical technologies in the light of respect for patients' rights and ethical dilemmas. For a better delineation of the phenomenon, presented the key moments of the origins and development of medical innovation. Based on observations and the current direction of the health sector were presented significant areas where abuse can occur at the level of ethical issues. Discussions have been subjected to actions considered modern medicine, in the light of security and respect for the patients' rights.

Security and the Role of New Technologies and Innovation in Medical Ethics

2017 ◽  
pp. 1346-1371
Author(s):  
Michał Chojnacki ◽  
Anita Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
New Challenges

Modern medicine has never before experienced such a rapid development of what is observed at the turn of the century. New opportunities bring new challenges that both - medical staff and patients - will have to face. The paper examines the role and safety issues new medical technologies in the light of respect for patients' rights and ethical dilemmas. For a better delineation of the phenomenon, presented the key moments of the origins and development of medical innovation. Based on observations and the current direction of the health sector were presented significant areas where abuse can occur at the level of ethical issues. Discussions have been subjected to actions considered modern medicine, in the light of security and respect for the patients' rights.

Hydrotesting and In-Line Inspection: Now and in the Future

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Rau ◽  
Mike Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Future ◽  
Integrity Assurance ◽  
High Level

Pressure testing of pipelines has been around in some form or another since the 1950s1–14. In its earliest form, operators used inert gases such as Nitrogen or even air to test for pipeline integrity. However, with the significant increases in pipeline pressures and inherent safety issues with a pressurized gas, the switch to using water happened in the late 1960’s15–17. Hydrostatic tests (referred to as hydrotests) have been used since then to set and reset the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) for pipelines but as other technologies develop and gain acceptance will hydrotesting still play a key role in pipeline integrity in the years ahead? Currently, hydrotesting is a topic for the impending US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA) Proposed New Rule Making (PNRM)18. Under the NPRM, hydrotesting is required to verify MAOP on pre-1970s US “grandfathered” pipelines, as well as on pipelines of any age with incomplete or missing testing record and include a high level test with a “spike” in pressure. But hydrotesting may not be the only method. Alternative methods and new technologies — used alone or used in combination with hydrotesting — may help provide a more comprehensive way for operators to identify and address potential problems before they become a significant threat. This paper explores both sides of the argument. Before In-Line Inspection (ILI) technology was even available, hydrotesting was the absolute means of the proof of integrity. However, hydrotesting is under scrutiny for many reasons that this paper explores. ILI was introduced in the 1960’s with the first commercially available Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) tools that presented the industry with an alternative. Currently there are a huge array of available technologies on an ILI tool and so is the role of the hydrotest over? The paper looks at the benefits of the hydrotest and these are presented and balanced against available ILI technology. Furthermore, as pipelines are being developed in even more harsh environments such as deepwater developments, the actual logistics of performing a hydrotest become more challenging. The paper will also look at both applications onshore and offshore where regulators have accepted waivers to a hydrotest using alternative methods of proving integrity. The paper concludes with the current use and needs for hydrotesting, the regulatory viewpoint, the alternatives and also what the future developments need to focus on and how technology may be improved to provide at least a supplement if not a replacement to this means of integrity assurance.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NEW CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Yulia Matyuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Robotics

The article analyzes the risks and new opportunities that arise before man and modern society in the light of the development of artificial intelligence and robotics in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution. The rapid development of AI indicates the absence of uniform approaches to assessing the risks and prospects associated with the use of AI. Using PESTEL analysis, the article examines the key areas of interaction between AI and humans, new challenges and prospects that open to humanity in the era of new technologies.

scholarly journals Medicine Between Ethics and Scientific Progress: How Much Ethics Needs Medicine, how much ethics can it afford? Some Considerations from Patent Law Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Joseph Straus
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Risky Investment

The progress of medicine is heavily dependent on the progress of science and technology, which in turn depend on costly and risky investment in research and development. In this contribution, based on some concrete examples, new scientific achievements are presented as basis of modern medicine and source of ethical concerns. Addressed are also the role of scientists in coping with safety in ethical concerns as regards hazards of new technologies, costs of R&D investment in drug development and the role of patents in this context. In some detail the legal situation existing at an international and European level as regards exclusions from patentability based on reasons of ethics and morals is presented. A critical appraisal of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union as regards patentability of embryonic stem cells is offered.

scholarly journals Review of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Third Baskin Readings. Law and State of the Information Era: New Challenges and Prospects” (St. Petersburg, April 28, 2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Razuvaev ◽  
◽  
Irina K. Shmarko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Characteristic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Practical Conference

In the review of the conference “The Third Baskin Readings. Law and State of the Information Era: New Challenges and Prospects” presents a summary of the main theses of the speakers on the problems of digitalization, the concept and protection of human rights and freedoms in a digital society, the role of artificial intelligence, transformation of law as such and other issues. The speakers generally concluded that there was no special change in the legal system for the needs of digitalization, concluded that law as a social phenomenon has a high degree of adaptability to changing conditions, and the use of new technologies should not affect the content of legal regulation as a whole. However, during the discussion, it is proposed to consider new signs of law, for example, “seriousness of law” in relation to the theory of the game. The participants come to the conclusion that the world is multipolar and at the same time there can be various structures of law and state, characteristic of different stages of socio-economic development of societies.

scholarly journals NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS E CONFIANÇA NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO CONTEXTO HOSPITALAR

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina S. Queiroz ◽  
Daniel Augusto Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health Care Organization ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
New Challenges

<p align="justify">The rate by which the implementation of new technologies has grown in all sectors of the economy increased organizational complexity and uncertainty. As a result, companies and their members now face a number of new challenges. This paper analyzes one case study that contemplates the implementation of new technologies in a radiotherapy unit of a large private health care organization. Its main objective is to analyze the growth in social complexity, which derives from the use of technologies and to verify its implications for organization. Furthermore, it intends to investigate the role of trust as a variable of adjustment of the organization to the external environmental needs. </p><p align="justify">Key words: Organization Studies. Innovation. New Technologies. Trust.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Socially Assistive Robots in the Care of Older People: To Assist in Cognitive Training, to Remind or to Accompany?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10394
Author(s):  
Sylwia Łukasik ◽  
Sławomir Tobis ◽  
Julia Suwalska ◽  
Dorota Łojko ◽  
Maria Napierała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Socially Assistive Robots ◽  
Socially Assistive Robot

The rapid development of new technologies has caused interest in the use of socially assistive robots in the care of older people. These devices can be used not only to monitor states of health and assist in everyday activities but also to counteract the deterioration of cognitive functioning. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes and preferences of Polish respondents towards interventions aimed at the preservation/improvement of cognitive functions delivered by a socially assistive robot. A total of 166 individuals entered the study. Respondents completed the User’s Needs, Requirements and Attitudes Questionnaire; items connected to cognitive and physical activity and social interventions were analyzed. Perceptions and attitudes were compared by gender and age groups (older adults ≥ 60 years old and younger adults 20–59). Women showed a more positive attitude towards robots than men and had a significantly higher perception of the role of the robots in reminding about medications (p = 0.033) as well as meal times and drinks (p = 0.018). There were no significant differences between age groups. Respondents highly valued both the traditional role of the robot—a reminding function—as well as the cognitive interventions and guided physical exercises provided by it. Our findings point to the acceptance of the use of socially assistive robots in the prevention of cognitive deterioration in older people.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF ETHICS EDUCATION FOR THEIR FUTURE MEDICAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Leventi ◽  
Alexandrina Vodenitcharova ◽  
Kristina Popova ◽  
Kremena Ivanova ◽  
Svetlin Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Medical Ethics Education

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, in different ways, ethical dilemmas arise in medicine and life sciences. It is critical for medical professionals to respond with confidence when ethical challenges are addressed in their clinical practice. Medical ethics and bioethics education is recognized as an essential course of the medical curriculum. The course aims to provide students with knowledge and competencies on dealing with moral problems. OBJECTIVES: In this article, we aim to explore students’ views about the importance and role of medical ethics education for their future practice. Their suggestions on specific medical ethics and bioethics topics were also considered, as well as previous knowledge on ethics before they enrolled in university. METHODS: A paper questionnaire was developed and distributed among first-year foreign medical students from the Faculty of Medicine in the Medical University-Sofia in Bulgaria. All students participated in the study anonymously and voluntarily. The study was conducted during January and February 2020. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received from 366 medical students. Data collected demonstrates that only 19% of the students were taught ethics before enrolling in university and covered topics on philosophy and ethics, civil and human rights. The majority (92%) of the responders believe that the study of medical ethics and bioethics helps medical professionals to improve their skills in identifying ethical problems in their everyday practice. Interesting were the suggestions for topics in medical ethics and bioethics that needed further study during lectures and seminars and included principles of medical ethics and bioethics, ethical behavior in medicine and health care, ethical dimensions of new technologies in health care, ethical dimensions of clinical decisions and patients’ quality of life, ethics and health management. CONCLUSIONS: Medical ethics education is significant for future physicians, helping them to improve their skills in identifying ethical issues, and base their decisions on fundamental ethical principals in their everyday practice. Attention should be given to topics related to principles of medical ethics, models of patient-physician relationships, new technologies in health care, ethics and health policy. 

scholarly journals The Role of Big Data in Industry 4.0 in Mining Industry in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Eva Tylečková ◽  
Darja Noskievičová
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Quality Of Data

AbstractThe current age characterized by unstoppable progress and rapid development of new technologies and methods such as the Internet of Things, machine learning and artificial intelligence, brings new requirements for enterprise information systems. Information systems ought to be a consistent set of elements that provide a basis for information that could be used in context to obtain knowledge. To generate valid knowledge, information must be based on objective and actual data. Furthermore, due to Industry 4.0 trends such as digitalization and online process monitoring, the amount of data produced is constantly increasing – in this context the term Big Data is used. The aim of this article is to point out the role of Big Data within Industry 4.0. Nevertheless, Big Data could be used in a much wider range of business areas, not just in industry. The term Big Data encompasses issues related to the exponentially growing volume of produced data, their variety and velocity of their origin. These characteristics of Big Data are also associated with possible processing problems. The article also focuses on the issue of ensuring and monitoring the quality of data. Reliable information cannot be inferred from poor quality data and the knowledge gained from such information is inaccurate. The expected results do not appear in such a case and the ultimate consequence may be a loss of confidence in the information system used. On the contrary, it could be assumed that the acquisition, storage and use of Big Data in the future will become a key factor to maintaining competitiveness, business growth and further innovations. Thus, the organizations that will systematically use Big Data in their decision-making process and planning strategies will have a competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Thinking through crisis – the role of think tanks

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Hans Holzhacker ◽  
Khalid Umar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
User Friendly

Most of the research in academic institutions is data-intensive and based on statistical models, which is often difficult and time-consuming to read for governments and businesses. Here comes the role of think tanks to serve as knowledge connectors - translating academic research into user-friendly information for informed policymaking. The rise of science-skeptical movements since a few years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and their strengthening during the pandemic has put increasing pressure on global think tanks. Populist regimes in many regions of the world cut financial resources for think tanks, thus shrinking the space for an independent analysis. The COVID–19 pandemic has triggered a multitude of crises, including large-scale social, economic, health and livelihood challenges. An unprecedented economic meltdown, interruption of economic activities in all business sectors, and immense burden on the health sector left governments reeling and scrambling to find appropriate policy responses to minimize the pandemic's impacts. The pandemic has further accentuated the challenges think tanks are confronting. One of the first responses by the think tanks from the outset was adopting new technologies and a quick shift to online work modality. Think tanks in the region organized dozens of webinars on the pandemic's critical challenges to facilitate the governments and influence and shape public opinion in their respective countries. These webinars covered a broad range of topics, including the research and analyses on the impacts of the COVID–19.

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