New Communication Technologies

2016 ◽  
pp. 144-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Amoroso Gonçalves ◽  
Daniela Rosendo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Internet Regulation

New technologies are changing the way men and women live their lives. As a new communication technology, the Internet can be used to both harm and promote human rights. When it comes to gender relationships, social inequalities might be reflected online, regarding access and the ways technologies are used. Hate speech, porn revenge and other ways to offend women's rights online are discussed, leading to questions related to possible limitations on freedom of expression. This chapter examines legal solutions that have been proposed in Brazil regarding electronic devices and Internet regulation and considers how restrictions on freedom of expression can be addressed in a human rights perspective.

New Communication Technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-211
Author(s):  
Tamara Amoroso Gonçalves ◽  
Daniela Rosendo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Internet Regulation

New technologies are changing the way men and women live their lives. As a new communication technology, the Internet can be used to both harm and promote human rights. When it comes to gender relationships, social inequalities might be reflected online, regarding access and the ways technologies are used. Hate speech, porn revenge and other ways to offend women's rights online are discussed, leading to questions related to possible limitations on freedom of expression. This chapter examines legal solutions that have been proposed in Brazil regarding electronic devices and Internet regulation and considers how restrictions on freedom of expression can be addressed in a human rights perspective.

18. Freedom of Expression

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Elizabeth Wicks ◽  
Andclare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet

This chapter examines the protection of the freedom of expression in the European Convention on Human Rights, discusses the provisions of Article 10, and explains that the majority of cases concerning Article 10 are brought by persons who have received some penalty for defaming or insulting other people. It analyses what constitutes an interference with free expression and considers the limitations on freedom of expression. The chapter also examines the judgments made by the Strasbourg Court on several related cases, including those that involved incitement to violence and hate speech, obscenity, and blasphemy. It also covers the development of case-law concerning social media and the internet.

scholarly journals Dumbing down democracy: Trends in internet regulation, surveillance and control in Asia.

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
East Asian ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Media ◽  
Internet Regulation ◽  
Online Pornography ◽  
And Control

This article argues that the trends in state regulation, survelliance and control of the internet in Asia stand to effectively reduce political expression. A variety of international media watch and human rights organisations have noted that since September 2011, a slew of anti-terrorism laws have been adopted in Asia which place greater restrictions on the internet. Laws against online pornography, gambling, hate speech and spam have been revised to cover online political content and mobilisation. Such measures limit and reduce the space cyberactivists have to push the demogaphic agenda online. These cybersecurity measures, introduced as part of the 'war against terrorism', represent an extension of already draconian regulation in South-East Asian countries.

scholarly journals ETHICS AND POWER OF INDONESIAN SOCIAL MEDIA USERS: A STUDY BASED ON GRAMSCI'S THEORY OF HEGEMONY AND ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AN TRANSACTION LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Muharram
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Public Order ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Negative Impacts

Social media is a space for interaction for humanity in this millennial era. However, social media development is often accompanied by several phenomena such as defamation, hate speech, and bullying. In Indonesia, this latest phenomenon occurs in hate speech and bullying cases that befell Tri Risma Harini as Mayor of Surabaya. This research aims to analyze Indonesian social media users' ethics and power based on the perspective of Gramsci's theory of hegemony and electronic information and transaction (EIT) Law. The research method used in the study is a literature review, which contains reviews, summaries, and the author's thoughts on several sources of literature (articles, books, slides, information from the internet, etc.) on the topics discussed. Meanwhile, Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning EIT are used to analyze the literature-status used. The findings in this study indicate that an Indonesian citizen who uses social media cannot freely express his/her will because it is regulated in the ITE Law and local laws limit the freedom of expression of every citizen, spirit (morality), society, and order. Social and political (public order) of a democratic society as contained in article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. As an Indonesian citizen, the case that befell Zikria is actually an act that is not wise in using social media. Although the freedom of opinion of every citizen is guaranteed by the laws of this country, an understanding of the substance of the ITE Law must be well understood. Researchers recommend citizens in expressing their opinions must understand and be well aware of the regulations that apply in this country so that there are no negative impacts that can be obtained in the future. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0790/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

18. Freedom of Expression

2020 ◽  
pp. 488-526
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rainey ◽  
Pamela McCormick ◽  
Clare Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet

This chapter examines the protection of the freedom of expression in the European Convention on Human Rights, discusses the provisions of Article 10, and explains that the majority of cases concerning Article 10 are brought by persons who have received some penalty for defaming or insulting other people. It analyses what constitutes an interference with free expression and considers the limitations on freedom of expression. The chapter also examines the judgments made by the Strasbourg Court on several related cases, including those that involved privacy, incitement to violence and hate speech, obscenity, and blasphemy. It also covers the development of case-law concerning social media and the internet.

scholarly journals Content Moderation Technologies: Applying Human Rights Standards to Protect Freedom of Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-640
Author(s):  
Thiago Dias Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Current Content ◽  
Human Rights Standards

Abstract With the increase in online content circulation new challenges have arisen: the dissemination of defamatory content, non-consensual intimate images, hate speech, fake news, the increase of copyright violations, among others. Due to the huge amount of work required in moderating content, internet platforms are developing artificial intelligence to automate decision-making content removal. This article discusses the reported performance of current content moderation technologies from a legal perspective, addressing the following question: what risks do these technologies pose to freedom of expression, access to information and diversity in the digital environment? The legal analysis developed by the article focuses on international human rights law standards. Despite recent improvements, content moderation technologies still fail to understand context, thereby posing risks to users’ free speech, access to information and equality. Consequently, it is concluded, these technologies should not be the sole basis for reaching decisions that directly affect user expression.

Cyber socialization: trends and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
A. Igibayeva ◽  
◽  
D. Erbolatuly ◽  
G. Turarova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Virtual Interaction ◽  
Pedagogical Research

The development of the modern world is very complex and rapid, and the process is characterized by high rates of development of information and communication technologies. The Internet space is a means of searching and obtaining information, as well as a medium for communication, virtual interaction, and has a significant impact on the formation of stereotypes of behavior of the young generation, as well as ideals, spiritual values, personal and social worldview. The article identifies the positive aspects of the development of cyberspace by young people, and also notes the threats and barriers to cyber socialization for modern youth. The necessity of conducting psychological and pedagogical research on cyber socialization is actualized, a conclusion is made about the use of new technologies for the purpose of positive cyber socialization of the younger generation.

scholarly journals Business ideas in start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 01063
Author(s):  
Štefan Slávik
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Start Ups

Start-up is a modern entrepreneurship form designed to realize original business ideas, mostly based on new technologies and the Internet. It evolves in the development cycle, which is determined by the business idea development cycle and the financing cycle. The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the business idea. The business idea is characterized by its content, circumstances of its origin, degree of originality and evidence of this originality. Start-ups are dominated by business ideas based on the application of information and communication technologies, the business idea is most often created by combining professional and business experience, but its originality is from the international point of view only average and the level of legal protection is quite rare.

scholarly journals OF SEMI-COLONS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF THE HATE SPEECH DEFINITION IN THE EQUALITY ACT South African Human Rights Commission v Qwelane (Freedom of Expression Institute as Amici curiae) and a related matter [2017] 4 All SA 234 (GJ)

Obiter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Botha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
South African ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Related Matter ◽  
The Republic

In South African Human Rights Commission v Qwelane (hereinafter “Qwelane”) the constitutionality of the threshold test for the hate speech prohibition in section 10(1) of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (hereinafter the “Equality Act”) was challenged. Although the court had no difficulty in finding that the publication in question fell squarely within the parameters of hate speech, the judgment is both incoherent and flawed. The court’s conjunctive interpretation of the section 10(1) requirements for hate speech also differs from the disjunctive interpretation given to the same provision in Herselman v Geleba (ECD (unreported) 2011-09-01 Case No 231/09 hereinafter “Herselman”) by the Eastern Cape High Court. The consequence is a “fragmented jurisprudence” which impacts on legal certainty, and which is especially dangerous when the legislation in question is critical to the achievement of the constitutional mandate (Daniels v Campbell NO 2004 (5) SA 331 (CC) par 104 hereinafter “Daniels”).This note demonstrates that the Qwelane court misapplied a number of key principles. These include: the court’s mandate in terms of section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereinafter the “Constitution”); the need to strike an appropriate balance between competing rights in the constitutional framework; the importance of definitional certainty for a hate speech threshold test; the meaning to be ascribed to the terms “hate”, “hurt” and “harm” in the context of hate speech legislation; and the role of international law when interpreting legislation intended to give effect to international obligations.The consequence of these errors for hate speech regulation in South Africa is profound.

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