Managerial Reactions to Ambiguous Environmental Changes

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Wiboon Kittilaksanawong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
And Performance

Managers in organizations are typically faced with changing and ambiguous signals in their operating environment. Based on interpretation of these signals, managers react with appropriate strategies. This chapter presents critical organizational issues in decision making process and its outcomes, including the manager's selective attention, interpretation, and reasoning of uncertain operating environment. In particular, the chapter first discusses why individual managers in the same organization who are faced with same environmental changes may differently interpret threat and opportunity aspects of these changes. Second, the chapter links outcomes of such interpretation to investigate different types of organizational actions. Third, the chapter drives into a greater depth to explore how the manager's experience and characteristics of the environment affect forms of reasoning in interpretation process and performance of subsequent organizational actions.

Managerial Reactions to Ambiguous Environmental Changes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1556-1569
Author(s):  
Wiboon Kittilaksanawong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
And Performance

Managers in organizations are typically faced with changing and ambiguous signals in their operating environment. Based on interpretation of these signals, managers react with appropriate strategies. This chapter presents critical organizational issues in decision making process and its outcomes, including the manager's selective attention, interpretation, and reasoning of uncertain operating environment. In particular, the chapter first discusses why individual managers in the same organization who are faced with same environmental changes may differently interpret threat and opportunity aspects of these changes. Second, the chapter links outcomes of such interpretation to investigate different types of organizational actions. Third, the chapter drives into a greater depth to explore how the manager's experience and characteristics of the environment affect forms of reasoning in interpretation process and performance of subsequent organizational actions.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in complex dynamic environments

2014 ◽  
Vol Volume 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasmik Atoyan ◽  
Jean-Marc Robert ◽  
Jean-Rémi Duquet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Machine Systems

The utilization of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in complex dynamic environments leads the human operator almost inevitably to having to face several types of uncertainties. Thus it is essential for system designers to clearly understand the different types of uncertainties that could exist in human-machine systems of complex environments, to know their impacts on the operator's trust in the systems and decision-making process, and to have guidelines on how to present uncertain information on user interfaces. It is also essential for them to have an overview of the different stages, levels, and types of system automation, and to know their possible impacts on the creation of different types of uncertainties. This paper investigates these topics and aim at helping researchers and practitioners to deal with uncertainties in complex environments.

Decision-Making Process in Intermodal Transportation

2000 ◽  
Vol 1707 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas ◽  
Seraphim Kapros
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Cost Criterion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
A Minor

A methodological framework with models is provided, which correlates behavioral and perceptual issues related to the use of intermodal transportation with the commonly used physical and economic criteria in modal choice approaches. With factor analysis, key variables and common decision patterns related to the choice of intermodal transportation are identified. Factor analysis is applied to capture the actors’ perception of the importance of variables affecting the decision-making process. With multiple regression analysis, models simulating the decision-making process are developed for actor groups, utilizing actual quantitative data of cost and performance of intermodal transportation services. Three decision patterns and the respective actor groups’ profiles are identified. The first group consists of actors who decide almost exclusively according to the cost criterion; these actors are intensive users of intermodal transportation. The second group has actors who decide according to both quality and cost criteria; using intermodal transportation by this actor group constitutes a minor portion of its total transport volumes. The third group consists of actors who are influenced in their decisions by specific logistics needs, beyond the physical transportation activity itself. The offer of third-party end-haul operations or refrigerated storage areas is an example of such services, necessitating specific logistic support. For each actor group a model is developed, which associates values of the quantitative variables affecting the decision-making process with the share of intermodal transportation in the total volume of transport handled by the group. The application of the model defines the extent to which changes in the values of relevant variables may shift a decision toward the use of intermodal transportation.

scholarly journals University Endowment Committees, Modern Portfolio Theory and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Mimi Lord
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Portfolio Theory ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Modern Portfolio Theory ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
Decision Making Framework ◽  
And Performance

University endowments with broad portfolio diversification have been correlated with performance, but committees’ decision-making process has received relatively little attention. This study is unique in postulating that the committee’s learning commitment and open-mindedness are significant contributors to a decision process that is based on the principles of Modern Portfolio Theory (or, simply, Portfolio Theory). The use of Portfolio Theory as a decision-making framework leads to greater portfolio diversification, which, in turn, leads to higher risk-adjusted returns. This study also demonstrates that greater committee expertise across multiple asset classes contributes to more diversified portfolios.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Underlying Age- and Performance-related Differences in Working Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk R. Daffner ◽  
Hyemi Chong ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
Elise C. Tarbi ◽  
Jenna L. Riis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
P3 Component

This study took advantage of the subsecond temporal resolution of ERPs to investigate mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory. Young and old subjects participated in a verbal n-back task with three levels of difficulty. Each group was divided into high and low performers based on accuracy under the 2-back condition. Both old subjects and low-performing young subjects exhibited impairments in preliminary mismatch/match detection operations (indexed by the anterior N2 component). This may have undermined the quality of information available for the subsequent decision-making process (indexed by the P3 component), necessitating the appropriation of more resources. Additional anterior and right hemisphere activity was recruited by old subjects. Neural efficiency and the capacity to allocate more resources to decision-making differed between high and low performers in both age groups. Under low demand conditions, high performers executed the task utilizing fewer resources than low performers (indexed by the P3 amplitude). As task requirements increased, high-performing young and old subjects were able to appropriate additional resources to decision-making, whereas their low-performing counterparts allocated fewer resources. Higher task demands increased utilization of processing capacity for operations other than decision-making (e.g., sustained attention) that depend upon a shared pool of limited resources. As demands increased, all groups allocated additional resources to the process of sustaining attention (indexed by the posterior slow wave). Demands appeared to have exceeded capacity in low performers, leading to a reduction of resources available to the decision-making process, which likely contributed to a decline in performance.

Quantifying Access Management on Arterial Roadways

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (17) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Lacy S. Brown ◽  
Karen K. Dixon ◽  
H. Gene Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Delay Increase ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
And Performance

Research suggests that successfully implemented access management programs can reduce delay, increase capacity, and improve safety performance on single roadway segments and across larger roadway networks. However, quantifying how access management, as a single entity, might affect a transportation system is difficult because countless combinations of strategies can be implemented. Consequently, large-scale access management decisions are often based on subjective assessments and the engineering judgment of practitioners and decision makers. There is a need for a standard, objective, and quantifiable approach to evaluating the impacts and performance of large-scale access management applications. This paper presents a quantitative method for evaluating an access management project on factors including operations; safety; impacts to adjacent land uses; and bicycle, pedestrian, and transit facilities. The result is an access management rating (AMR), a numerical value that allows for straightforward comparisons between corridors or between design alternatives on the same corridor. The proposed methodology eliminates the subjective component of the decision-making process while maintaining enough flexibility to be tailored to a specific agency’s needs and priorities. By improving the consistency of access management evaluations, the decision-making process will be streamlined, funding will be allocated to projects with the greatest needs and opportunities for improvement, and the entire transportation industry will benefit from improved safety, operations, and land use development.

scholarly journals Decision making in specialist forensic psychiatric (the psychological aspect)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
E.V. Shmakova ◽  
E.M. Popova ◽  
E.S. Shekhovtsova ◽  
T.N. Kabanova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the results of a study of psychological factors of decision making amongforensic psychiatric specialists. Given the survey data of10 medical psychologists and 10 psychiatrists carrying out compulsory treatment in the psychiatric hospital №5, Moscow Department of Public Health, in comparison with the control group, consisting of professionals working in the field of education, manufacturing, services and technology. Methodical complex included: 1. The Epstein questionnaire of the intuitive style (adaptation Kornilova T. V., Kornilov S. A.); A new questionnaire of tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty (Kornilova T. V.); Melbourne questionnaire of decision making (adaptation T. V.Kornilova); The questionnaire «Personal factors of decision making»(T.V. Kornilova); TheV. Smecalo and V. M. Kucher method; The Tsvetkova Method; 7. The questionnaire «Styles of thinking» by R. Bramsonand Harrison (adaptation of A. A. Alekseev); 8.The questionnaire «Scale of base convictions» (R.Yanov-Boulemane, adaptation M.A. Padun, A.V. Kotelnikov); 9. The check-list aimed to identify the type of decisions taken by the expert in professional activity, their frequency, importance, subjective evaluation is necessary for decision making qualities and to evaluate the most significant opinions of other persons in the decision-making process. There were defined the characteristics of decision making depending on gender. The relationships between type of activity and frequency of occurrence of different types of decisions in professional activities of specialists were revealed. Analyzed the relationship between consideration of the views of others when making decisions and activity.

scholarly journals MEASURING EFFICIENCY CHANGE IN TIME APPLYING MALMQUIST PRODUCTIVITY INDEX: A CASE OF DISTRIBUTION CENTRES IN SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Milan Andrejić ◽  
Milorad Kilibarda ◽  
Vukašin Pajić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade, more and more attention has been paid to the efficiency of logistics systems not only in the literature but also in practice. The reason is the huge savings that can be achieved. In a very dynamic market with environmental changes distribution centers have to realize their activities and processes in an efficient way. Distribution centers connect producers with other participants in the supply chain, including end-users. The main objective of this paper is to develop a DEA model for measuring distribution centers’ efficiency change in time. The paper investigates the impact of input and output variables selection on the resulting efficiency in the context of measuring the change in efficiency over time. The selection of variables on the one hand is a basic step in applying the DEA method. On the other hand, the number of basic and derived indicators that are monitored in real systems is increasing, while the percentage of those used in the decision-making process is decreasing (less than 20%). The developed model was tested on the example of a retail chain operating in Serbia. The main factors changing the efficiency have been identified, as well as the corresponding corrective actions. For measuring efficiency change in time Malmquist productivity index is used. The developed approach could help managers in the decision-making process and also represents a good basis for further research.

scholarly journals Marketing Based Decision Making Process in Engineering Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
K. Palani Raj ◽  
G. Veeramani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Process Manufacturing

Marketing based decision making process in engineering design is an important study required for industries. How to take efficient decision in design that influence marketing? Most of the engineering design decisions are based on consumer behaviour. Decision making in risk and uncertainty in engineering design is an important phenomenon. Cost and time are the two important factors that results loss because of inefficient decision and it affects marketing. Problems involved in marketing based engineering design and decision making process in solving problems is elaborately studied in this journal. How to choose a design in various alternatives, design process, manufacturing feasibility, material and methodology are the important factors that influences decision making in engineering design for marketing. Different types of theories in decision making process that helps in taking proper decision were studied in this journal. This study is based on data taken from various Research & Development centre in Industries. 

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