Theoretical Methods of Images Processing in Optoelectronic Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 180-205
Author(s):  
Tatyana Strelkova ◽  
Vladimir Kartashov ◽  
Alexander P. Lytyuga ◽  
Alexander I. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Output Plane ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Images Processing ◽  
Detection Characteristics

The chapter covers development of mathematical model of signals in output plane of optoelectronic system with registration of optical signals from objects. Analytical forms for mean values and dispersion of signal and interference components of photo receiver response are given. The mathematical model can be used as a base with detection algorithm development for optical signal from objects. An algorithm of signals' detection in output plane of optoelectronic system for the control is offered. The algorithm is synthesized taking into account corpuscular and statistical properties of optical signals. Analytical expressions for mean values and signal and noise components dispersion are cited. These expressions can be used for estimating efficiency of the offered algorithm by the criterion of detection probabilistic characteristics and criterion of signal/noise relation value. The possibility of signal detection characteristics improvement with low signal-to-noise ratio is shown.

Theoretical Methods of Images Processing in Optoelectronic Systems

Biometrics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 361-381
Author(s):  
Tatyana Strelkova ◽  
Vladimir Kartashov ◽  
Alexander P. Lytyuga ◽  
Alexander I. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Output Plane ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Images Processing ◽  
Detection Characteristics

The chapter covers development of mathematical model of signals in output plane of optoelectronic system with registration of optical signals from objects. Analytical forms for mean values and dispersion of signal and interference components of photo receiver response are given. The mathematical model can be used as a base with detection algorithm development for optical signal from objects. An algorithm of signals' detection in output plane of optoelectronic system for the control is offered. The algorithm is synthesized taking into account corpuscular and statistical properties of optical signals. Analytical expressions for mean values and signal and noise components dispersion are cited. These expressions can be used for estimating efficiency of the offered algorithm by the criterion of detection probabilistic characteristics and criterion of signal/noise relation value. The possibility of signal detection characteristics improvement with low signal-to-noise ratio is shown.

Methods of Reception and Signal Processing in Machine Vision Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-102
Author(s):  
Tatyana Strelkova ◽  
Alexander I. Strelkov ◽  
Vladimir M. Kartashov ◽  
Alexander P. Lytyuga ◽  
Alexander S. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Correlation Integral ◽  
Detection Characteristics

The chapter covers development of mathematical model of signals in optoelectronic systems. The mathematical model can be used as a base for detection algorithm development for optical signal from objects. Analytical expressions for mean values and signal and noise components dispersion are cited. These expressions can be used for estimating efficiency of the offered algorithm by the criterion of detection probabilistic characteristics and criterion of signal/noise relation value. The possibility of signal detection characteristics improvement with low signal-to-noise ratio is shown. The method is proposed for detection of moving objects and combines correlation and threshold methods, as well as optimization of the interframe processing of the sequence of analyzed frames. This method allows estimating the statistical characteristics of the signal and noise components and calculating the correlation integral when detecting moving low-contrast objects. The proposed algorithm for detecting moving objects in low illuminance conditions allows preventing the manifestation of the blur effect.

An Image Segmentation Method of Underwater Targets Based on Active Contour Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 511-512 ◽  
pp. 457-461
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Lei Wan ◽  
Xing Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Active Contour ◽  
Active Contour Model ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Contour Model ◽  
Underwater Targets ◽  
Underwater Target ◽  
Images Processing

The underwater images are disturbed with low signal to noise ratio and edge blur, because there are the light scattering and absorption effects. If the traditional thresholding method is used directly to segment underwater images, it will usually lead to be less effective to process underwater images. An image segmentation method of underwater target based on active contour model was proposed in this paper. Firstly, using Canny edge detection algorithm to detect the edges of the original image to obtain the information of a crude outline, then the algorithm based on C-V active contour model to segment underwater target images was addressed. The images processing results based on threshold segmentation method and C-V model method were compared. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for underwater targets images segmentation.

A Study of Clustering for the Enhancement of Image Resolution in Dynamic Photon Emission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chef ◽  
C. T. Chua ◽  
C. L. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Initial Acquisition ◽  
Resolution Limits ◽  
Emission Microscopy

Abstract Limited spatial resolution and low signal to noise ratio are some of the main challenges in optical signal observation, especially for photon emission microscopy. As dynamic emission signals are generated in a 3D space, the use of the time dimension in addition to space enables a better localization of switching events. It can actually be used to infer information with a precision above the resolution limits of the acquired signals. Taking advantage of this property, we report on a post-acquisition processing scheme to generate emission images with a better image resolution than the initial acquisition.

40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu Imam Sabitu ◽  
Nafizah Goriman Khan ◽  
Amin Malekmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Threshold Power ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Mode Division Multiplexing ◽  
Speed Mode

AbstractThis report examines the performance of a high-speed MDM transmission system supporting four nondegenerate spatial modes at 10 Gb/s. The analysis adopts the NRZ modulation format to evaluate the system performance in terms of a minimum power required (PN) and the nonlinear threshold power (PTH) at a BER of 10−9. The receiver sensitivity, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and the maximum transmission distance were investigated using the direct detection by employing a multimode erbium-doped amplifier (MM-EDFA). It was found that by properly optimizing the MM-EDFA, the system performance can significantly be improved.

scholarly journals The Optical Signal-to-Crosstalk Ratio for the MBA(N, e, g) Switching Fabric †

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Rajewski
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Switching Networks ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Switching Fabric

The banyan-type switching networks, well known in switching theory and called the logdN switching fabrics, are composed of symmetrical switching elements of size d×d. In turn, the modified baseline architecture, called the MBA(N,e,g), is only partially built from symmetrical optical switching elements, and it is constructed mostly from asymmetrical optical switching elements. Recently, it was shown that the MBA(N,e,g) structure requires a lower number of passive as well as active optical elements than the banyan-type switching fabric of the same capacity and functionality, which makes it an attractive solution. However, the optical signal-to-crosstalk ratio for the MBA(N,e,g) was not investigated before. Therefore, in this paper, the optical signal-to-crosstalk ratio in the MBA(N,e,g) was determined. Such crosstalk influences the output signal’s quality. Thus, if such crosstalk is lower, the signal quality is better. The switching fabric proposed in the author’s previous work has lower optical signal losses than a typical Beneš and banyan-type switching networks of this same capacity and functionality, which gives better quality of transmitted optical signals at the switching node’s output. The investigated MBA(N,e,g) architecture also contains one stage fewer than banyan-type network of the same capacity, which is an essential feature from the optical switching point of view.

Gait kinematics in Low Back Pain: A non-linear approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christos Tsigkanos ◽  
Theano Demestiha ◽  
Chara Spiliopoulou ◽  
Georgios Tsigkanos
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Healthy Participants

BACKGROUND: Kinematic analysis has been a dominant tool for addressing the neuromuscular and proprioceptive alterations that occur in Low Back Pain (LBP) patients. Movement variability is a crucial component of this analysis. During the past years a promising approach appears to be the application of non-linear indices. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare movement variability, as expressed mainly by non-linear indices, at the pelvis and lumbar between LBP patients and healthy participants during gait. METHODS: Sixteen (16) LBP patients and thirteen (13) healthy control subjects (non-athletes) participated in the study. Participants walked on a treadmill at different walking conditions while recorded by a 6-infrared camera optoelectronic system. Kinematic variability of pelvic and lumbar movement was analyzed using linear (standard deviation) and non-linear indices (Maximal Lyapunov Exponent – LyE and Approximate Entropy – ApEn). RESULTS: Healthy subjects were found to have significantly greater mean values than LBP patients at seven pelvic and lumbar components in LyE, ApEn and SD. Specifically, the calculated LyE at the pelvis during normal gait was proven to have a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 90% in the discrimination of healthy subjects from LBP patients. Female subjects presented with higher variability in gait measures than males. CONCLUSION: Healthy participants presented with higher movement variability in their kinematic behavior in comparison to LBP patients. Lower variability values may be partly explained by the attempt of LBP patients to avoid painful end of range of motion positions. In this perspective non-linear indices seem to relate to qualitive characteristics of movement that need to be taken into consideration during rehabilitation.

scholarly journals All-Optical Non-Inverted Parity Generator and Checker Based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Bingchen Han ◽  
Junyu Xu ◽  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
Rongrong Guo ◽  
Yuanqi Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Amplifiers ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Probe Light ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Parity Generator

An all-optical non-inverted parity generator and checker based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are proposed with four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) non-linear effects. A 2-bit parity generator and checker using by exclusive NOR (XNOR) and exclusive OR (XOR) gates are implemented by first SOA and second SOA with 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) code, respectively. The parity and check bits are provided by adjusting the center wavelength of the tunable optical bandpass filter (TOBPF). A saturable absorber (SA) is used to reduce the negative effect of small signal clock (Clk) probe light to improve extinction ratio (ER) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). For Pe and Ce (even parity bit and even check bit) without Clk probe light, ER and OSNR still maintain good performance because of the amplified effect of SOA. For Po (odd parity bit), ER and OSNR are improved to 1 dB difference for the original value. For Co (odd check bit), ER is deteriorated by 4 dB without SA, while OSNR is deteriorated by 12 dB. ER and OSNR are improved by about 2 dB for the original value with the SA. This design has the advantages of simple structure and great integration capability and low cost.

Head Instability Detection for Testing Process in Perpendicular Magnetic Recording System

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piya Kovintavewat ◽  
Santi Koonkarnkhai ◽  
Aimamorn Suvichakorn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Recording System ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording ◽  
Read Head ◽  
Pass Through

During hard disk drive (HDD) testing process, the magneto-resistive read (MR) head is analyzed and checked if the head is defective or not. Baseline popping (BLP) is one of the crucial problems caused by head instability, whose effect can distort the readback signal to the extent of causing possible sector read failure. Without BLP detection algorithm, the defective read head might pass through HDD assembling process, thus producing an unreliable HDD. This situation must be prevented so as to retain customer satisfaction. This paper proposes a simple (but efficient) BLP detection algorithm for perpendicular magnetic recording systems. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional one in terms of both the percentage of detection and the percentage of false alarm, when operating at high signal-to-noise ratio.

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