Enzyme Function Classification

2017 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Mahir M. Sharif ◽  
Alaa Tharwat ◽  
Aboul Ella Hassanien ◽  
Hesham A. Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Structure Data ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Function ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Enzyme Functionality

Enzymes are important in our life and it plays a vital role in the most biological processes in the living organisms and such as metabolic pathways. The classification of enzyme functionality from a sequence, structure data or the extracted features remains a challenging task. Traditional experiments consume more time, efforts, and cost. On the other hand, an automated classification of the enzymes saves efforts, money and time. The aim of this chapter is to cover and reviews the different approaches, which developed and conducted to classify and predict the functions of the enzyme proteins in addition to the new trends and challenges that could be considered now and in the future. The chapter addresses the main three approaches which are used in the classification the function of enzymatic proteins and illustrated the mechanism, pros, cons, and examples for each one.

Enzyme Function Classification

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 380-405
Author(s):  
Mahir M. Sharif ◽  
Alaa Tharwat ◽  
Aboul Ella Hassanien ◽  
Hesham A. Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Structure Data ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Function ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Enzyme Functionality

Enzymes are important in our life and it plays a vital role in the most biological processes in the living organisms and such as metabolic pathways. The classification of enzyme functionality from a sequence, structure data or the extracted features remains a challenging task. Traditional experiments consume more time, efforts, and cost. On the other hand, an automated classification of the enzymes saves efforts, money and time. The aim of this chapter is to cover and reviews the different approaches, which developed and conducted to classify and predict the functions of the enzyme proteins in addition to the new trends and challenges that could be considered now and in the future. The chapter addresses the main three approaches which are used in the classification the function of enzymatic proteins and illustrated the mechanism, pros, cons, and examples for each one.

scholarly journals Protein–carbohydrate interactions: At the heart of biochemistry

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Sharon
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Proteins that possess the ability to bind carbohydrates specifically and reversibly abound in nature, being present in all living organisms, from viruses to humans. Their interactions with their ligands are the basis of a myriad of biological processes, both normal and pathological1–3 (Table 1). The high selectivity required for these interactions is provided by a specific stereochemical fit between complementary molecules, the protein on the one hand and the carbohydrate on the other. This concept has its origins in the lock-and-key hypothesis, introduced by Emil Fischer at the end of the 19th Century to explain the specificity of interactions between enzymes (he studied glycosidases) and their substrates (carbohydrates), i.e. between molecules in solution. In time it was extended to describe the interactions of cells with soluble molecules and with other cells.

Consistency in Latency Measurements and Interpretation of ABR Tracings

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne O. Olsen ◽  
Terri L. Pratt ◽  
Christopher D. Bauch
Keyword(s):  
The Other

Multichannel ABR recordings for 30 otoneurologic patients were reviewed independently by three audiologists to assess interjudge consistency in determining absolute latencies and overall interpretation of ABR results. Four months later, the tracings were reviewed a second time to evaluate intrajudge consistency in interpretation of ABR waveforms. Interjudge agreement in marking latencies for waves I, III, and V within 0.2 ms was on the order of 90% or better. Intrajudge consistency was slightly higher. Only rarely did inter- or intrajudge differences in latency measurements exceed 0.3 ms. Agreement in overall interpretation of ABR results as "normal" or "abnormal" was unanimous for 90% of the patients. Across pairs of judges, the agreement for "normal" and "abnormal" classification of the ABR tracings was 97%. Intrajudge consistency for "normal" and "abnormal" categorization of the ABR results was 100% for one judge, 97% for the other two judges.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

Machine Learning Verdict of EEG Signals in Brain Computer Interface

2018 ◽  
pp. 429-441
Author(s):  
M. Jeyanthi ◽  
C. Velayutham
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Data Mining Technique ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Irrelevant Attributes

In Science and Technology Development BCI plays a vital role in the field of Research. Classification is a data mining technique used to predict group membership for data instances. Analyses of BCI data are challenging because feature extraction and classification of these data are more difficult as compared with those applied to raw data. In this paper, We extracted features using statistical Haralick features from the raw EEG data . Then the features are Normalized, Binning is used to improve the accuracy of the predictive models by reducing noise and eliminate some irrelevant attributes and then the classification is performed using different classification techniques such as Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor classifier, SVM classifier using BCI dataset. Finally we propose the SVM classification algorithm for the BCI data set.

Covid-19 – rumours and facts in media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Tarare Toshida ◽  
Chaple Jagruti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The covid-19 resulted in broad range of spread throughout the world in which India has also became a prey of it and in this situation the means of media is extensively inϑluencing the mentality of the people. Media always played a role of loop between society and sources of information. In this epidemic also media is playing a vital role in shaping the reaction in ϑirst place for both good and ill by providing important facts regarding symptoms of Corona virus, preventive measures against the virus and also how to deal with any suspect of disease to overcome covid-19. On the other hand, there are endless people who spread endless rumours overs social media and are adversely affecting life of people but we always count on media because they provide us with valuable answers to our questions, facts and everything in need. Media always remains on top of the line when it comes to stop the out spread of rumours which are surely dangerous kind of information for society. So on our side we should react fairly and maturely to handle the situation to keep it in the favour of humanity and help government not only to ϑight this pandemic but also the info emic.

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

Somatoform disorders: diseases of the civilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
I. Kukhtevich
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Organic Basis ◽  
Autonomic Disorders ◽  
The One ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Functional autonomic disorders occupy a significant part in the practice of neurologists and professionals of other specialties as well. However, there is no generally accepted classification of such disorders. In this paper the authors tried to show that functional autonomic pathology corresponds to the concept of somatoform disorders combining syndromes manifested by visceral, borderline psychopathological, neurological symptoms that do not have an organic basis. The relevance of the problem of somatoform disorders is that on the one hand many health professionals are not familiar enough with manifestations of borderline neuropsychiatric disorders, often forming functional autonomic disorders, and on the other hand they overestimate somatoform symptoms that are similar to somatic diseases.

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