Nascent Entrepreneurs, Psychological Characteristics, and Sociocultural Background

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
José C. Sánchez-García ◽  
Brizeida R. Hernández-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Sociocultural Background

Entrepreneurial intention as a psychological process has been investigated from several points of view which, although employing similar methodologies, have used different variables. Our aim here is to explain the reasons why some individuals tend more towards entrepreneurship than others. For these explanations we look towards Schwartz's Theory of Cultural Values. Schwarz structures cultural values in relation to three bipolar dimensions: conservation vs autonomy, hierarchy vs egalitarianism and mastery vs harmony. To analyse these variables, we applied the EOQ scale to a sample of 600 nascent entrepreneurs aged between 25 and 35, pertaining to different autonomous communities in Spain. After application and evaluation of the results, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the personal, contextual and entrepreneurial intention variables as regards gender, parent's occupation(s) and autonomous community

The Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Nascent Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-60
Author(s):  
José Carlos Sánchez-García ◽  
Brizeida Raquel Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
Giuseppina Maria Cardella
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
New Firm

Research confirms that entrepreneurial intention plays an important role in the decision to start a new firm. For this reason, it has received a lot of attention from researchers who have studied it from different perspectives, using different variables. The goal of this chapter is to investigate the reasons why some individuals tend more to entrepreneurship than others. By utilizing Schwartz's theory of cultural values as the explaining model, this paper analyzes cultural values in relation to three bipolar dimensions: conservation vs. autonomy, hierarchy vs. egalitarianism, and mastery vs. harmony. The authors applied the EOQ scale to a sample of 600 nascent entrepreneurs aged between 25 and 35, belonging to several autonomous communities in Spain. The results show significant differences in the variables of personal, contextual, and entrepreneurial intention regarding the gender, occupation, or professions of the parents and the autonomous community.

scholarly journals Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intention

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 825-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorayah Nasip ◽  
Sharifah Rahama Amirul ◽  
Stephen Laison Sondoh Jr ◽  
Geoffrey Harvey Tanakinjal
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Need For Achievement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Tolerance For Ambiguity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between individual psychological characteristics (i.e. innovativeness, locus of control, self-confidence, propensity to take risk, need for achievement and tolerance for ambiguity) and entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach A total of 676 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) have participated in the survey. The data were analysed using partial least square technique version 2.0. Findings The results have shown that innovativeness, self-confidence, propensity to take risk, need for achievement and tolerance for ambiguity are positively related to entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students. However, locus of control is not significantly related to entrepreneurial intention. Research limitations/implications Although samples of the research are quite large, this research only involves undergraduates in UMS. Therefore, findings obtained are not generalized because the results do not include other educational institutions in Malaysia. On the implication aspect, this research might give some views among undergraduates to embark in business after graduating. Practical implications In spite of that, students should be encouraged and equipped with innovativeness, self-confidence, propensity to take risk, need for achievement and tolerance for ambiguity to interpret successful entrepreneurial role models and identification of business prospects for their future career. Originality/value The findings of the research may extend existing knowledge in the entrepreneurial field as well as to provide valuable information to policy maker in strengthening and redesigning suitable curriculum not only at the university level, but also in pre-school by giving entrepreneurial awareness on how this knowledge will transform us into an entrepreneurial society that can create wonders for human kind.

Estatutos y competencias después de la STC 31/2010, de 28 de junio

2011 ◽  
pp. 139-165
Author(s):  
Hèctor LÓPEZ BOFILL
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Formal Concept ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
General Material ◽  
Definition Of

LABURPENA: Eskumenak banatzeko sistemari dagokionez, ekainaren 28ko 31/2010 Epaiak, Kataluniako Autonomia Estatutuari buruzkoak, estatutu-arauek Estatuaren eta autonomia erkidegoaren arteko eskumen-egitura modulatzeko aukera bertan behera uzten du, nahiz eta sistema konstituzionalak estatutuen xedapenei nolabaiteko protagonismo teorikoa ematen dien konstituzionaltasunaren blokea egituratzean eta eskumenak hartzean. Hala, 31/2010 Ebazpenak erakusten duenez, Auzitegi Konstituzionalak kategoria orokorren gaineko interpretazioaren monopolioa berresten du, eskumenen definizio funtzionala egiterakoan (egileak eskumen-egituraren «hiperkonstituzionalizazioa» deitzen dio fenomeno horri). Gainera, autonomia erkidegoei aitortutako eskumenen esklusibotasun-kontzeptua lausotzen du, Estatuaren oinarrizko legeriaren kontzeptu orokor material eta formalari uko egiten dio, eta autonomia-erakunde horien eskumen betearazleen irismena mugatzen du. RESUMEN: En lo referido al sistema de distribución de competencias, la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 31/2010, de 28 de junio, sobre el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña, cierra la posibilidad de que las normas estatutarias modulen la estructura competencial entre el Estado y la Comunidad Autónoma pese al teórico protagonismo que el sistema constitucional confiere a las disposiciones estatutarias en la articulación del bloque de la constitucionalidad y en la asunción de competencias. En la doctrina emanada de la resolución 31/2010, el Tribunal Constitucional refuerza su monopolio interpretativo sobre categorías generales en la definición funcional de competencias (la llamada por el autor «hiperconstitucionalización» de la estructura competencial) diluyendo el concepto de exclusividad aplicado a las competencias reconocidas a las Comunidades Autónomas, renunciando a un concepto general material-formal de legislación básica estatal y restringiendo el alcance de las competencias ejecutivas de los mismos entes autonómicos. ABSTRACT: As far as the allocation of powers is concerned, the 31/2010 ruling by the constitutional Court, from June 28th, about the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, opens the door to the possibility that the Statute norms modulate the competences framework between the State and the Autonomous Community despite the theoretical prominence awarded to the Statute provisions for the articulation of the block of constitutionality and the assumption of competences. As the doctrine from the 31/2010 ruling by the Constitutional Court states, the Constitutional Court enhances its interpretative monopoly on the general categories regarding the functional definition of competences (the so called by the author hiperconstitutionalization of the competences framework) wakening down the concept of exclusivity applied to the competences recognized to the Autonomous Communities, renouncing to a general material-formal concept for the State basic legislation and restricting the scope of the executive competences of the Autonomous entities.

scholarly journals Análisis del desarrollo curricular de la Educación Física en la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria: Comparación de los currículos autonómicos (Analysis of curriculum development of Physical Education in Secondary Education: Comparison of regional curricula)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
David Méndez Alonso ◽  
Angel Pérez Pueyo ◽  
Antonio Méndez Giménez ◽  
Francisco Javier Fernandez Río ◽  
José Antonio Prieto Saborit
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
School Context ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Credit Hours ◽  
Curricular Development

Tres fueron los objetivos de esta investigación: a) analizar el desarrollo curricular autonómico a partir del RD 1.105/2014 que establece el currículo básico de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en relación a la Educación Física (EF), b) comparar la carga horaria asignada a esta asignatura, y c) examinar las diferentes posibilidades que los currículos autonómicos han contemplado para incrementar la actividad física (AF) de los estudiantes en horario lectivo. Se realizó un análisis comparativo y cualitativo de las 15 normativas curriculares autonómicas disponibles. Los resultados muestran una elevada disparidad entre las autonomías en la manera de abordar los elementos curriculares. La catalogación de la EF como asignatura específica ha provocado serias divergencias, principalmente en los contenidos. Pese a las reiteradas reivindicaciones de los docentes y profesionales de la salud, la carga horaria se ha mantenido inmutable en relación a las leyes anteriores: dos horas semanales. Con todo, la consideración de propuestas en el marco de las asignaturas de libre configuración autonómica podría representar una vía eficaz para el incremento de la AF en los centros educativos.Abstract. The present research work has three main goals: a) to assess curricular development of RD 1105/2014, which establishes the basic curriculum in compulsory Secondary Education, in relation to Physical Education; b) to compare credit hours of this subject by Autonomous Community; and c) to examine the different curricular strategies that each Autonomous Community has taken into consideration to increase students’ physical activity levels within the school context. A comparative, qualitative analysis was carried out to assess 15 Spanish Autonomous Communities’ curricula. Results showed high disparities among Communities. The fact that Physical Education has been stated by law as a specific subject has led to sharp differences, mainly in terms of contents. Despite education and health professionals’ recurrent demands for change, physical education credit hours have remained unaltered: 2 hours per week. However, the consideration of different proposals within the new free-configuration autonomous subjects framework could represent an effective strategy to increase physical activity in educational contexts.

scholarly journals To write or not to write: censorship in "The Woman in the Photo" by Tia Șerbănescu and "A Censor’s Notebook" by Liliana Corobca

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Monica Manolachi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Censorship as a literary subject has sometimes been necessary in times of change, as it may show how the flaws in power relations influence, sometimes very dramatically, the access to and the production of knowledge. The Woman in the Photo: a Diary, 1987-1989 by Tia Șerbănescu and A Censor’s Notebook by Liliana Corobca are two books that deal with the issue of censorship in the 1980s (the former) and the 1970s (the latter). Both writers tackle the problem from inside the ruling system, aiming at authenticity in different ways. On the one hand, instead of writing a novel, Tia Șerbănescu kept a diary in which she contemplated the oppression and the corruption of the time and their consequences on the freedom of thought, of expression and of speech. She thoroughly described what she felt and thought about her relatives, friends and other people she met, about books and their authors, in a time when keeping a diary was hard and often perilous. On the other hand, using the technique of the mise en abyme, Liliana Corobca begins from a fictitious exchange of emails to eventually enter and explore the mind of a censor and reveal what she thought and felt about the system, her co-workers, her boss, the books she proofread, their authors and her own identity. Detailed examinations and performances of the relationship between writing and censorship, the two novels provide engaging, often tragi-comical, insights into the psychological process of producing literary texts. The intention of this article is to compare and contrast the two author’s perspectives on the act of writing and some of its functions from four points of view: literary, cultural, social and political.

scholarly journals Post-materialistic values and entrepreneurial intention – the case of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Alammari ◽  
Robert Newbery ◽  
Mohamed Yacine Haddoud ◽  
Emily Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Materialistic Values

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how cultural values influence the entrepreneurial process. It conceptualises the relationship between post-materialistic values and entrepreneurial intention to explain low entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in Saudi Arabia with non-entrepreneurs. An online survey returned 405 valid questionnaires, representing a 27 per cent response rate. The data were analysed using partial least structural equation modelling.FindingsThe paper identifies key factors that explain the influence of changing cultural values on entrepreneurial activity. The results show that post-materialistic values influence entrepreneurial intention by decreasing desirability and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study conceptualises the interplay between cultural values and entrepreneurial intention in Saudi Arabia. Further insights can be developed by comparing Saudi Arabia with other countries. The study was conducted as a “snapshot” of the current situation of entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia with a cross-sectional survey design.Practical implicationsThe paper holds important implications for entrepreneurship educators when addressing unsupportive cultures for entrepreneurial activity. Cultural and motivational approaches are suggested. While the former focuses on aspects that encourage the desire and confidence to start a business, the latter involves encouraging setting venture creation as a goal.Originality/valuePrevious studies indicated that post-materialistic values negatively influence entrepreneurship; this paper contributes further by exploring how this relationship manifests by exploring the intervening factors between post-materialistic values and entrepreneurial intention. It advances entrepreneurship research by investigating deep assumptions underlying the formulation of entrepreneurial intentions. It also responds to the need to understand the difference in the levels of entrepreneurial activity across countries.

Patterns of electroconvulsive therapy use in Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Bertolín-Guillén ◽  
Salvador Peiró-Moreno ◽  
María Eugenia Hernández-de-Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractObjective– To describe the utilization, geographical variations and adaptation of ECT in the Spanish context.Method– A cross-sectional study, involving a questionnaire delivered to all hospitals with a Psychiatry Unit (PU) in Spain included in the National Hospitals Catalogue (N = 233). A descriptive analysis was made of the answers to the different questions, using an adequate denominator in each case: all PUs (n = 233), those units that prescribe and apply ECT (n = 174), or only those that apply the technology (n = 108).Results– All PUs completed the questionnaire. Fifty-nine units (25.3%) neither prescribed nor applied ECT, while 108 (46.4%) prescribed and applied the technology, and 66 PUs (28.3%) only prescribed ECT. Those units with training responsibilities for psychiatry residents or pregraduate students, and those with a larger number of beds, were more inclined to apply ECT. The estimated ECT applied in the preceding 12 months totaled 2435 with an annual rate per 10,000 inhabitants of 0.61, and a range per Spanish Autonomous Community of 0.28–16.59.Conclusions– We now know a reliable rate and characteristics of the use of ECT in Spain, and the attitudes and opinion of PUs Spanish psychiatrists about it. We found a very important variability in ECT application rates among Autonomous Communities.

scholarly journals Which psychological characteristics strengthen “The entrepreneurial intention-action relationship”?: An extension of the theory of planned behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1823579
Author(s):  
Denny Bernardus ◽  
Fulgentius Danardana Murwani ◽  
Elia Ardyan ◽  
Liestya Padmawidjaja ◽  
Imanuel Deny Krisna Aji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Psychological Characteristics
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