Mechanisms of Electrical Conductivity in Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Impact

There is enormous interest in carbon nanomaterials due to their exceptional physical properties, from the perspective of science and engineering of materials applied to the electronics industry. Significant progress has been made towards understanding the mechanisms of electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes and graphene. However, scientists around the world continue studying these mechanisms to exploit them fully in different electronic applications with a high technological impact. This chapter discusses the mechanisms of electrical conductivity of both nanomaterials, analyzes the present implications, and projects its importance for future generations of electronic devices. In particular, it is important to note that different mechanisms may be identified when these nanomaterials are used individually, when they are incorporated as fillers in composite materials or hybrid materials, or even when they are doped or functionalized. Finally, other electrical variables with important role in electrical conductivity of these materials are also explored.

Mechanisms of Electrical Conductivity in Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

2018 ◽  
pp. 2673-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Impact

There is enormous interest in carbon nanomaterials, due to their exceptional physical properties, from the perspective of science and engineering of materials applied to the electronics industry. Until now, significant progress has been made towards understanding the mechanisms of electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes and graphene. However, scientists around the world even today continue studying these mechanisms, for exploiting them fully in different electronic applications with a high technological impact. This article discusses the mechanisms of electrical conductivity of both nanomaterials, analyzes the present implications, and projects its importance for future generations of electronic devices. In particular, it is important to note that different mechanisms may be identified when these nanomaterials are used individually, when they are incorporated as fillers in composite materials or hybrid materials, or even when they are doped or functionalized. Finally, other electrical variables with important role in electrical conductivity of these materials are also explored.

The Impact of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene on Electronics Industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 2897-2907
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal ◽  
Gabriel Herrera-Pérez ◽  
Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Since its discovery in 1991 and 2004, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Sumio Iijima, and graphene by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004, these materials have been extensively studied around the world. Both materials have electronic, thermal, magnetic, optical, chemical, and mechanical extraordinary properties. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has predicted that these nanomaterials are potential replacements of the conventional materials used in the manufacture of integrated circuits. Two of the technological aspects that both materials share and have reduced their extensive use are processing and dispersion required to homogenize the electrical properties of the materials based on them. Fortunately, these problems are being solved thanks to the ongoing investigation, and in a short time the materials used in today's electronics industry will be replaced by devices based on these novel materials. The impact of the applications of both materials in the electronics industry, as well as future trends in the following decades are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes Properties and Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
The World

Nanotubes have never ceased to make object of research around the world. The scientific community has high hopes on these nanomaterials seen their exceptional properties and their various applications. They are so successful is because they have properties unsurpassed in many areas. They have excellent properties which can be used in many applications extending from macroscopic to nano composite materials. Here we present an overview of the different properties of these nanomaterials and their applications.

Zinc and Aluminum Phthalocyanine Modified Carbon Nanotubes; Preparation and Characterizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Hussein Nowfal ◽  
Hikmat Adnan Banimuslem ◽  
Nassar A. Al-Isawi ◽  
Hayder M.A. Ghanimi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Modified Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, two elements were developed. The first is Multi walled carbon nanotubes-zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcs). In addition, there was also a development of the multi walled carbon nanotubes-aluminium phthalocyanine hybrid materials. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were under treated with nitric combined with the sulfuric acid before being mixed with phthalocyanines to de-build the effects. Drop-casting hybrid materials to slides of the glass and interdigitating electrodes from their dimethylformamide solution have been done. The perfect hybridization owing to π-π interaction was discovered. This discovery was assisted by two elements. The first is the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, another element that played a vital role in this discovery is Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The hybrid films were tested for current-voltage measurements and direct electrical conductivity. This work has also examined how temperature affects direct electrical conductivity and power generation.

Influence of Nanotubes and Other Nanofillers on the Properties of Thermoset:thermoplastic Blends for Composite Matrices

2007 ◽  
Vol 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Kilbride ◽  
Richard Arthur Pethrick ◽  
Steven Ward ◽  
Mark Harriman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Conducting Filler ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Tube Structure ◽  
Solution Dispersion

ABSTRACTRecently there has been an increase in the use of composite materials for aircraft construction. Composites have significant production and application advantages, but generally suffer from being electrically insulating, and hence are unable to handle a lightening strike in the traditional way that aluminium would. A potential solution to this problem is sought through the use of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanographite. Achieving the correct dispersion of the conducting filler is critical to achieving the desired enhancement in conductivity. Two different methods have been explored to achieve the dispersions; – direct blending and solution dispersion, with a range of concentrations of nanographite being incorporated. In addition, the effect of directly blending graphite nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes in order to create a hybrid nanocomposite material was studied. The carbon nanotubes were incorporated into a blend with the graphite nanoplatelets with the intention of utilizing their tube structure in order to bridge the gaps between the platelet sheets of nanographite, creating more effective and abundant conductive pathways throughout the composite. In all cases the electrical conductivity was measured using a four point probe technique.

Bioinspired Composite Materials: Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Prasad ◽  
Kuldeep Mahato ◽  
Pranjal Chandra ◽  
Ananya Srivastava ◽  
Shrikrishna N. Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Bioinspired Materials ◽  
Nanostructured Patterns ◽  
Gecko Feet

Evolution-optimized specimens from nature with inimitable properties, and unique structure–function relationships have long served as a source of inspiration for researchers all over the world. For instance, the micro/nanostructured patterns of lotus-leaf and gecko feet helps in self-cleaning, and adhesion, respectively. Such unique properties shown by creatures are results of billions of years of adaptive transformation, that have been mimicked by applying both science and engineering concepts to design bioinspired materials. Various bioinspired composite materials have been developed based on biomimetic principles. This review presents the latest developments in bioinspired materials under various categories with emphasis on diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals REVIEW ARTICLE: HYBRID MATERIALS BASED ON CARBON NANOTUBES

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5A) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cong Tu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Advanced Materials

Carbon nanotubes-based hybrid and composite materials, recently, are a hot topic in research about advanced materials. Nanotubes are functionalized and hybridized with both organic and inorganic compounds for designed applications. Hybrid materials can be fabricated by direct or in-direct method. Some investigations about electrical, optical and photocatalytic properties of hybrid materials would be discussed. 

Electrically conductive composites via infiltration of single-walled carbon nanotube-based aerogels

2010 ◽  
Vol 1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A Worsley ◽  
Joshua D. Kuntz ◽  
Sergei Kucheyev ◽  
Alex V Hamza ◽  
Joe H Satcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

AbstractMany challenges remain in the effort to realize the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in composite materials. Here, we report on electrically conductive composites fabricated via infiltration of CNT-based aerogels. The ultra low-density, high conductivity, and extraordinary robustness of the CNT aerogels make them ideal scaffolds around which to create conductive composites. Infiltrating the aerogels with various insulating materials (e.g. epoxy and silica) resulted in composites with electrical conductivities over 1 Scm-1 with as little as 1 vol% nanotube content. The electrical conductivity observed in the composites was remarkably close to that of the CNT scaffold in all cases.

The Impact of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene on Electronics Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal ◽  
Gabriel Herrera-Pérez ◽  
Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), by Sumio Iijima, and graphene, by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004, have been extensively studied around the world. Both materials have electronic, thermal, magnetic, optical, chemical, and mechanical extraordinary properties. International technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS) has predicted that these nanomaterials are potential replacements of the conventional materials used in the manufacturing of integrated circuits. Two of the technological aspects that both materials share and have reduced their extensive use are processing and dispersion required to homogenize the electrical properties of the materials based on them. Fortunately, these problems are being solved thanks to the ongoing investigation, and in a short time the materials used in today's electronics industry will be replaced by devices based on these novel materials. The impact of the applications of both materials in the electronics industry as well as future trends in the following decades are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Electrical, and Piezoresistive Sensing Characteristics of Epoxy-Based Composites Incorporating Hybridized Networks of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Carbon Nanofibers, or Graphite Nanoplatelets

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoDong Wang ◽  
JianChao Wang ◽  
Swarup Biswas ◽  
Hyeok Kim ◽  
IlWoo Nam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Excluded Volume ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Sensing Characteristics

The present study compared the mechanical, electrical, morphological, and piezoresistive characteristics of epoxy-based sensing nanocomposites fabricated with inclusions of hybridized networks of four different carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, carbon nanofiber (CNF), and graphite nanoplatelet (GNP). Enhancements in elastic modulus and electrical conductivity were achieved by CNT–graphene composites and CNT–CNF composites, and these were explained by the morphological observations carried out in the present study and experimental studies found in the literature. The greatest gauge factor was accomplished by the CNT–GNP composite, followed by the CNT–CNF composite among composites where the CNM networks were sufficiently formed with a content ratio of 3%. The two types of the composites outperformed the composites incorporating solely CNT in terms of gauge factor, and this superiority was explained with the excluded volume theory.

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