Usability of CAPTCHA in Online Communities and Its Link to User Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1813-1827
Author(s):  
Samar I. Swaid
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Turning Test ◽  
Modeling Study

Completely automated public turning test to tell computers and humans apart (CAPTCHA) is a security mechanism that is used by online communities to block spam and hacking. Today, there are a large number of sophisticated CAPTCHAs that are robust; however, most of them are unusable. This chapter describes a study to examine types and characteristics of Text CAPTCHAs used by top 50 online communities. Furthermore, the chapter is the first of its type to develop a scale to measure usability of text CAPTCHA and to examine the relationships between dimensions of CAPTCHA and perception of usability and satisfaction with registration process in online communities. Factor analysis and equation modeling study suggests that text-based CAPTCHA can be measured on four reflective dimensions of (1) content, (2) visual layout, (3) distortion, and (4) service in which correlate significantly to users' sanctification with online community.

Usability of CAPTCHA in Online Communities and Its Link to User Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
pp. 8066-8078
Author(s):  
Samar I. Swaid
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Turning Test ◽  
Modeling Study

Completely Automated Public Turning Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is a security mechanism that is used by online communities to block spam and hacking. Today, there are a large number of sophisticated CAPTCHAs that are robust, however, most of them are unusable. This chapter describes a study to examine types and characteristics of Text CAPTCHAs used by top 50 online communities. Furthermore, the study the first of its type to develop a scale to measure usability of text CAPTCHA and to examine the relationships between dimensions of CAPTCHA and perception of usability and satisfaction with registration process in online communities. Factor analysis and equation modeling study suggests that text-based CAPTCHA can be measured on four reflective dimensions of: (1) content; (2) visual layout; (3) distortion; and (4) service in which correlate significantly to users' sanctification with online community.

scholarly journals Transformation of CRM Activities into e-CRM: The Generating e-Loyalty and Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Aini Farmania ◽  
Riska Dwinda Elsyah ◽  
Michael Aaron Tuori
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business System ◽  
Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Technological Developments

Technological developments have digitized consumer behavior all over Indonesia. This has become the basis for the emergence of e-commerce, a digital business system that is widely used by the public in making purchases through apps or websites. For this reason, an e-commerce platform should create e-loyalty, to make it the best option among many stores. This is the first study investigating ten factors that contribute to e-Customer Relationship Management (e-CRM) value on e-loyalty in Indonesia. The study involved 767 active users of the number one e-commerce company in Indonesia. An empirical investigation was carried out, to validate the instrument items regarding the e-CRM factors and e-loyalty indicators, using Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The analysis utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. The finding suggested that the variables of customization, care, cultivation, choice, online community, convenience, site security, personalization values, rewards, and interactivity positively contribute to e-CRM value on e-loyalty.

Building stronger hospitality brands through online communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Anil Bilgihan ◽  
Jay Kandampully ◽  
Can Lu
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Brand Performance ◽  
Brand Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Companies increasingly rely on online communities for social customer support, to develop and nurture relationships with customers, and to generate product and service development ideas. As yet, few studies have established the relationship between online communities and branding strategies. Therefore, the impact of online communities on branding requires investigation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence brand relationships developed through online communities. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model was developed based on marketing literature and tested using structural equation modeling with a sample size of 253 respondents. Findings Findings present the underlying reasons why and how online communities build stronger brand relationships with consumers. Online communities have been found to cultivate consumers’ sense of collectiveness with shared values conveyed through brand engagement; enhance consumers’ trust, leading to the establishment of a trustworthy image of the brand; and increase enjoyment and enrich consumers’ experience with the brand through participation and engagement. Originality/value This study provides insights to understand the direct relationship between online communities and brand performance. The findings of the study provide practical implications for brand relationship management and online community design. 研究目的 公司越来越依靠网上社区来提供社交式的消费者服务支持, 以建立和巩固与消费者的关系, 并且以获得产品、服务研发的新想法。至今为止, 很少的著作致力于研究网上社区与品牌战略的关系。因此, 网上社区对于品牌扩展的影响作用值得研究。本论文的研究目的即是研究通过网上社区建立起来的消费者品牌关系的诸多因素。. 研究设计/方法/途径 本论文的理论模型是以营销理论为基础而建立的。本论文采用结构方程模型, 253份样本数据, 来验证建立的理论模型。. 研究结果 各种通过网上社区建立更强消费者品牌关系的因素得以分析和整理。网上社区能够通过使消费者与品牌更贴近的各种活动, 以培养消费者对于品牌的认知和集体意识, 从而使消费者与品牌有一致的价值认知。此外, 网上社区还能增强消费者对于品牌的信任, 增强了消费者与品牌互动过程的愉悦感和体验感。. 研究原创性/价值 本论文对于网上社区和品牌表现之间的直接关系进行梳理和研究。其研究结果对于品牌关系管理和网上社区设计等方面有着很深的实际启示作用。.

Celebrity Worship Among University Students in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Swami ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic ◽  
Khairul Mastor ◽  
Fatin Hazwani Siran ◽  
Mohammad Mohsein Mohammad Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Movie Stars ◽  
Three Factor

The present study examined conceptual issues surrounding celebrity worship in a Malay-speaking population. In total, 512 Malay and 269 Chinese participants from Malaysia indicated who their favorite celebrity was and completed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) as well as a range of demographic items. Results showed that the majority of Malay and Chinese participants selected pop stars and movie stars as their favourite celebrities, mirroring findings in Western settings. In addition, exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution of the CAS that was consistent with previous studies conducted in the West. Structural equation modeling further revealed that participant’s age was negatively associated with celebrity worship and that self-rated attractiveness was positively associated with celebrity worship. Overall, the present results suggest that celebrity worship in Malaysia may be driven by market and media forces, and future research may well be guided by use of the CAS.

A Comparison of Reliability Estimation Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442110089
Author(s):  
Yuanshu Fu ◽  
Zhonglin Wen ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Composite Reliability

Composite reliability, or coefficient omega, can be estimated using structural equation modeling. Composite reliability is usually estimated under the basic independent clusters model of confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA). However, due to the existence of cross-loadings, the model fit of the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) is often found to be substantially better than that of ICM-CFA. The present study first illustrated the method used to estimate composite reliability under ESEM and then compared the difference between ESEM and ICM-CFA in terms of composite reliability estimation under various indicators per factor, target factor loadings, cross-loadings, and sample sizes. The results showed no apparent difference in using ESEM or ICM-CFA for estimating composite reliability, and the rotation type did not affect the composite reliability estimates generated by ESEM. An empirical example was given as further proof of the results of the simulation studies. Based on the present study, we suggest that if the model fit of ESEM (regardless of the utilized rotation criteria) is acceptable but that of ICM-CFA is not, the composite reliability estimates based on the above two models should be similar. If the target factor loadings are relatively small, researchers should increase the number of indicators per factor or increase the sample size.

User experience sharing

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Chen ◽  
Judy Drennan ◽  
Lynda Andrews ◽  
Linda D. Hollebeek
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Effort

PurposeThis paper aims to propose user experience sharing (UES) as a customer-based initiation of value co-creation pertaining to service provision, which represents customers’ level of effort made for the direct benefit of others in their service network. The authors propose and empirically examine a user experience sharing model (UESM) that explicates customer-to-customer (C2C) UES and its impacts on firm-desired customer-based outcomes in online communities.Design/methodology/ApproachBased on an extensive review, the authors conceptualize UES and UESM. By using online survey data collected from mobile app users in organic online communities, the authors performed structural equation modeling analyses by using AMOS 24.FindingsThe results support the proposed UESM, showing that C2C UES acts as a key driver of both firm-desired customer efforts and customer insights. The results also confirmed that service-dominant (S-D) logic-informed motivational drivers exert a significant impact on C2C UES. Importantly, C2C UES mediates the relationship between S-D logic-informed motivational drivers and firm-desired customer-based outcomes.Originality/valueThis study offers a pioneering attempt to develop an overarching concept, UES, which reflects customers’ initiation of value co-creation, and to empirically examine C2C UES. The empirical evidence supports the key contention that firms should proactively facilitate C2C UES.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Learning Style Scale for E-Learners

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110223
Author(s):  
Nabia Luqman Siddiquei ◽  
Ruhi Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
Development And Validation

The present study aimed to develop an indigenous measure of learning styles for e-learners in Pakistan and to establish its psychometric properties. The objectives of the study were attained via three studies. First, the items for the development of the Learning Style Scale for e-Learners (e-LSS) were generated empirically based on a 5-point Likert-type scale. In Study I, the internal consistency and dimensionality of the measure were determined by sampling 360 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years through a convenient sampling technique, whereas other demographic characteristics were kept in close consideration. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis was utilized. In Study II of scale development, the factor structure that emerged in Study I was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. In Study III, the convergent and divergent validities of the newly constructed scale were established by correlating scores with preestablished scale scores that assess the similar construct (i.e., LSS) and with scores on the discriminant construct (i.e., Solving Problems Survey). The sample for this study consisted of 80 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years. A total of 29 items were confirmed in the final scale with 8 distinctive factors (namely, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, global, analytical, individual, collaborative, and technological type) with sound psychometric properties. To conclude, the newly constructed scale was a significant addition to assess learning styles particularly of e-learners in the context of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Does Online Community Participation Contribute to Medication Adherence? An Empirical Study of Patients with Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Jyh-Jeng Wu ◽  
Yueh-Mei Chen ◽  
Paul C. Talley ◽  
Kuang-Ming Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Effectively improving the medication adherence of patients is crucial. Past studies focused on treatment-related factors, but little attention has been paid to factors concerning human beliefs such as trust or self-efficacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the following aspects of patients with chronic diseases: (1) The relationship between emotional support, informational support, self-efficacy, and trust; (2) the relationship between self-efficacy, trust, and medication adherence; and, (3) whether chronic patients’ participation in different types of online communities brings about significant statistical differences in the relationships between the abovementioned variables. A questionnaire survey was conducted in this study, with 452 valid questionnaires collected from chronic patients previously participating in online community activities. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed that emotional support and informational support positively predict self-efficacy and trust, respectively, and consequently, self-efficacy and trust positively predict medication adherence. In addition, three relationships including the influence of emotional support on trust, the influence of trust on medication adherence, and the influence of self-efficacy on medication adherence, the types of online communities result in significant statistical differences. Based on the findings, this research suggests healthcare professionals can enhance patients’ self-efficacy in self-care by providing necessary health information via face-to-face or online communities, and assuring patients of demonstrable support. As such, patients’ levels of trust in healthcare professionals can be established, which in turn improves their medication adherence.

Financial inclusion through Kiosk-based banking services: a study with reference to business correspondent models in the state of Kerala

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Shafi M.K ◽  
M. Ravindar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Validity Tests

PurposeThe paper aims to study the outreach and performance of business correspondent (BC) models, which are implemented as a subsidiary agent of banks to accelerate the financial inclusion (FI) mission in India. In this regard, the study illustrates BC's products and services rendered to customers, forms of delivery channels and BC's view on banking services and Kiosk-based BC programs.Design/methodology/approachThe current paper is an empirical study based on surveying 200 Kiosk-based BCs working in the state of Kerala. After the preliminary screening analysis of the data with outlier deletion, removal of missing values and normality test, both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were executed followed by reliability test, convergent and discriminant validity tests. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CBSEM) was performed for CFA and inferential tests were carried out by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of a moment structures (AMOS) and Eviews.FindingsChiefly, eight operational forms of BCs were found from the field survey. Hypothetical tests show the significant impact of the serviceability of banks on BC's profitability. Validity tests such as average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), maximum shared variance (MSV) and average shared variance (ASV) were established after the removal of the cross-loaded items of the questionnaire from the rotated component matrix. BCs perform main banking services especially bank account opening facility and Akshaya E-Centers are widely used for this model as Kiosk banking in the surveyed state.Originality/valueSo far, no study has encompassed empirical research on performance analysis and outreach of the BC model in the state of Kerala where this BC model well functions. Since the study is a novel form of banking channelization for FI, the study can contribute to understanding the further feasibility and future dimension of the model based on experimental views of BCs.

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