Hydrologic Modeling Using SWAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zineb Moumen ◽  
Soumaya Nabih ◽  
Ismail Elhassnaoui ◽  
Abderrahim Lahrach
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Flood Forecast ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Flood Damages

The Innaoune Watershed represents an important hydric potential of the oriental part of Morocco. However, the basin exhibits a set of hydrologic drawbacks, such as floods, erosion, and pollution. This chapter is focused on flood forecast study. In order to help managers and decision makers to adopt the appropriate land management strategies for protecting the population from flood damages, the study of the hydrological behavior and quantification of water yield are paramount. According to this perspective, the main goal of this chapter is to test the ability of the SWAT model to simulate and reproduce the hydrological behavior of the upstream of Innaouene Watershed. The output of the model could be used to map, delineate, and forecast the floods expansion for a particular rainfall event. SWAT was performed on a daily time step from 2004 to 2012 for calibration and 2012 to 2014 for validation. The model accuracy was evaluated by measuring the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and R2.

scholarly journals Calibration and validation of SWAT model and estimation of water balance components of Shaya mountainous watershed, Southeastern Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 13955-13978 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Shawul ◽  
T. Alamirew ◽  
M. O. Dinka
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Watershed Modeling ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Monthly Streamflow ◽  
Mountainous Watershed

Abstract. To utilize water resources in a sustainable manner, it is necessary to understand the quantity and quality in space and time. This study was initiated to evaluate the performance and applicability of the physically based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in analyzing the influence of hydrologic parameters on the streamflow variability and estimation of monthly and seasonal water yield at the outlet of Shaya mountainous watershed. The calibrated SWAT model performed well for simulation of monthly streamflow. Statistical model performance measures, coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.71, the Nash–Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (ENS) of 0.71 and percent difference (D) of 3.69, for calibration and 0.76, 0.75 and 3.30, respectively for validation, indicated good performance of the model simulation on monthly time step. Mean monthly and annual water yield simulated with the calibrated model were found to be 25.8 mm and 309.0 mm, respectively. Overall, the model demonstrated good performance in capturing the patterns and trend of the observed flow series, which confirmed the appropriateness of the model for future scenario simulation. Therefore, SWAT model can be taken as a potential tool for simulation of the hydrology of unguaged watershed in mountainous areas, which behave hydro-meteorologically similar with Shaya watershed. Future studies on Shaya watershed modeling should address the issues related to water quality and evaluate best management practices.

scholarly journals Mapping of water-related ecosystem services in the uMngeni catchment using a daily time-step hydrological model for prioritisation of ecological infrastructure investment – Part 2: Outputs

Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Hughes ◽  
G De Winnaar ◽  
RE Schulze ◽  
M Mander ◽  
GPW Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Ecological Infrastructure ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
High Assurance ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Water Volumes

South Africa is a semi-arid country which frequently faces water shortages, and experienced a severe drought in the 2016 and 2017 rainfall seasons. Government is under pressure to continue to deliver clean water to the growing population at a high assurance of supply. Studies now show that the delivery of water may be sustained not only through built infrastructure such as dams and pipelines, but also through investment in ecological infrastructure (EI). Part 1 of this paper in 2 parts concentrated on the role of EI in delivering water-related ecosystem services, as well as the motivation for this study, and the methods used in modelling and mapping the catchment. Part 2 explores and illustrates the current level of delivery of water-related ecosystem services in different parts of the catchment, with potential hydrological benefits of rehabilitation and protection of EI in the uMngeni catchment. The Mpendle, Lions River, Karkloof, Inanda and Durban sub-catchments are important areas for the generation of streamflows which accumulate downstream (i.e. water yield in the catchment) when annual totals are considered. Modelled annual sediment yield (in tonnes) from naturally vegetated areas is most severe in the lower catchment areas with steeper slopes such as Inanda, and in the high-altitude areas which have both steeper slopes and higher rainfall. The central and eastern parts of the uMngeni catchment were found to contribute the greatest yield of sediment from degraded areas with low protective vegetation cover. This combined modelling and mapping exercise highlighted areas of priority ecosystem service delivery, such as higher altitude grassland areas, which could be recommended for formal conservation, or protection under private partnerships. Generally, these areas confirm the intuitive sense of catchment stakeholders, but provide a robust and more defendable analysis through which water volumes are quantifiable, and potential investment into catchment interventions are justified.

scholarly journals The Temporal Variability of Rainfall and Streamflow into Lake Nakuru, Kenya, Assessed Using SWAT and Hydrometeorological Indices

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Alice Nyawira Kimaru ◽  
John Mwangi Gathenya ◽  
Charles K. Cheruiyot
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Lake Nakuru ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Drought Indicators

Temporal variability analysis of rainfall and river discharges is useful in determining the likelihood of the occurrence of extreme events such as drought or flooding for the purposes of developing policies to mitigate their effects. This study investigated the temporal variability of rainfall and discharges into Lake Nakuru, Kenya using meteorological drought indicators and hydrological drought indicators from 1981 to 2018. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) were used to characterize meteorological drought, while the streamflow drought index (SDI) was used to characterize hydrological drought. A SWAT model was applied for the prediction of streamflow on five tributaries of Lake Nakuru (Njoro, Ngosur, Nderit, Larmudiac, and Makalia Rivers). The model was successfully calibrated on Njoro River at the upstream of river gauging station 2FCO5 from 1984 to 1996, and the parameters were validated from 1997 to 2007. The SUFI-2 algorithm was applied in SWATCup to perform the calibration of the model. The model performance was considered satisfactory in daily time step (NSE = 0.58, R2 = 0.58 during calibration and NSE = 0.52, R2 = 0.68 during validation). The average annual water balance revealed that out of 823 mm received annual precipitation, 154 mm was surface runoff and 178 mm was the annual average water yield. The average annual actual evapotranspiration (ET) was 607 mm. The results for the temporal variation of the SPI and SDI for the five subcatchments indicated that the drought events identified by the 12-month SPI/SPEI were almost all identified by the 12-month SDI. At the catchment scale, SPI showed an equal distribution of wet and dry periods, with 50.00% of positive anomalies and 50.00% of negative anomalies being observed from 1981 to 2018, while SDI observes a high frequency of dry periods (52.63%) and a lower frequency of wet periods (47.37%). There is a higher frequency of wet periods compared to dry periods for both indices from 2009 to 2010 at 60.00% and 40.00% for SPI and 90.00% and 10.00% for SDI, respectively. Both indices observed that 1984 and 2000 were severely dry years (SPI/SPEI < −2.00), while 2018 was severely wet (SPI/SPEI > 2.00). The results for the variability in rainfall and streamflow indices revealed that the last 10 years (2009–2018) were wetter than the period from 1981 to 2008.

ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM INSTANT DISCHARGE OF VARIOUS FREQUENCY AT UNGAUGED MOUNTAINOUS RIVER KHEMCHIK (TUVA REPUBLIC) BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Makarieva ◽  
N. V. Nesterova ◽  
G. P. Yampolsky ◽  
E. Y. Kudymova
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Frequency Interval ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Runoff Formation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Standard Methodology ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Daily Time Step

Abstract: the article presents the results of application of distributed deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph for estimation of maximum discharge values of different frequency at the ungauged catchment of the Khemchik River (Khemchik village, Tuva Republic). The catchment area is 1750 km2 , the average and maximum elevation — 2200 and 3600 m, respectively. Due to the lack of detailed information, a schematization of the catchment and the parameterization of the model are proposed, based on general ideas about the water balance and the processes of runoff formation of the main landscapes — rocky talus, coniferous forest and steppe. Parameters and algorithms are verified based on the results of streamflow modeling at two studied catchments: the Tapsy River — Kara-Khol (302 km2 ) and the Khemchik River — Iyme (25500 km2 ). Modelling of runoff formation processes with daily time step for the Khemchik River — Khemchik village was conducted for the period 1966–2012 using observational data at Teeli meteorological station. For the transition from daily to instant discharges, the dependence of the observed values of instant and daily streamflow at the studied gauges has been applied. On the basis of simulated discharge series, the frequency curve was built and the obtained curve was compared with the calculation data according to the standard methodology SP 33-101-2003 “Determination of the main calculated hydrological characteristics” using the analogue river. Simulated maximum instant discharges for entire frequency interval of up to 1% are 1.3–5 times higher than the values obtained by standard methodology SP 33-101-2003. The results of model calculations is indirectly confirmed by the evidences of regular flooding of the Khemchik village provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Tuva Republic, which is not predicted by the values obtained by the standard methods.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis and prioritization of upper Benue River watershed, Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Akoji Odiji ◽  
Olaide Monsor Aderoju ◽  
Joseph Bisong Eta ◽  
Idris Shehu ◽  
Adama Mai-Bukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Order System ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Hypsometric Integral ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractThe upper Benue River watershed is undergoing remarkable modifications due to man-made and natural phenomena. Hence, an evaluation is required to understand the hydrological process of the watershed for planning and management strategies. This study aimed to assess the morphometric characteristics and prioritize the upper Benue River watershed. The boundary of the watershed and sub-watersheds, as well as stream networks, was extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) coupled with hydrological and topographic maps. Twenty-eight morphometric parameters under three categories, i.e. linear, areal, and relief aspects were computed and mapped. Findings from the study revealed that the watershed is a seventh stream order system characterized by a dendritic drainage pattern. The result also showed that 4821 streams were extracted with a cumulative length of 30,232.84 km. The hypsometric integral of the watershed was estimated to be 0.22, indicating that it is in the old stage. In the prioritization of the watershed, the morphometric variables were utilized to calculate and classify the compound factor. The result showed that sub-watersheds 12, 16, 18, 24, 26, and 27 were ranked as very high priority for which conservation measures are required to mitigate the risk of flood and erosion. The outcome of this study can be used by decision-makers for sustainable watershed management and planning.

scholarly journals SWAT Model Adaptability to a Small Mountainous Forested Watershed in Central Romania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Nicu Constantin Tudose ◽  
Mirabela Marin ◽  
Sorin Cheval ◽  
Cezar Ungurean ◽  
Serban Octavian Davidescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Forested Watershed ◽  
Sensitive Parameters ◽  
Lower Uncertainty ◽  
Validation Stage ◽  
Water Assessment

This study aims to build and test the adaptability and reliability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydrological model in a small mountain forested watershed. This ungauged watershed covers 184 km2 and supplies 90% of blue water for the Brașov metropolitan area, the second largest metropolitan area of Romania. After building a custom database at the forest management compartment level, the SWAT model was run. Further, using the SWAT-CUP software under the SUFI2 algorithm, we identified the most sensitive parameters required in the calibration and validation stage. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis revealed that the surface runoff is mainly influenced by soil, groundwater and vegetation condition parameters. The calibration was carried out for 2001‒2010, while the 1996‒1999 period was used for model validation. Both procedures have indicated satisfactory performance and a lower uncertainty of model results in replicating river discharge compared with observed discharge. This research demonstrates that the SWAT model can be applied in small ungauged watersheds after an appropriate parameterisation of its databases. Furthermore, this tool is appropriate to support decision-makers in conceiving sustainable watershed management. It also guides prioritising the most suitable measures to increase the river basin resilience and ensure the water demand under climate change.

scholarly journals Evaluating and Predicting the Effects of Land Use Changes on Hydrology in Wami River Basin, Tanzania

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekela Twisa ◽  
Shija Kazumba ◽  
Mathew Kurian ◽  
Manfred F. Buchroithner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the variation in the hydrological response of a basin associated with land use changes is essential for developing management strategies for water resources. The impact of hydrological changes caused by expected land use changes may be severe for the Wami river system, given its role as a crucial area for water, providing food and livelihoods. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of land use changes on various elements of the hydrological processes of the basin. Hybrid classification, which includes unsupervised and supervised classification techniques, is used to process the images (2000 and 2016), while CA–Markov chain analysis is used to forecast and simulate the 2032 land use state. In the current study, a combined approach—including a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)—is used to explore the influences of individual land use classes on fluctuations in the hydrological components. From the study, it is evident that land use has changed across the basin since 2000 (which is expected to continue in 2032), as well as that the hydrological effects caused by land use changes were observed. It has been found that the major land use changes that affected hydrology components in the basin were expansion of cultivation land, built-up area and grassland, and decline in natural forests and woodland during the study period. These findings provide baseline information for decision-makers and stakeholders concerning land and water resources for better planning and management decisions in the basin resources’ use.

Alternative climate data sources for distributed hydrological modelling on a daily time step

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1542-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf El-Sadek ◽  
Max Bleiweiss ◽  
Manoj Shukla ◽  
Steve Guldan ◽  
Alexander Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Daily Time

scholarly journals Interbasin water transfer in a changing world: A new conceptual model

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110650
Author(s):  
Edward Rollason ◽  
Pammi Sinha ◽  
Louise J Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Interbasin Water Transfer ◽  
Water Scarce

Water scarcity is a global issue, affecting in excess of four billion people. Interbasin Water Transfer (IBWT) is an established method for increasing water supply by transferring excess water from one catchment to another, water-scarce catchment. The implementation of IBWT peaked in the 1980s and was accompanied by a robust academic debate of its impacts. A recent resurgence in the popularity of IBWT, and particularly the promotion of mega-scale schemes, warrants revisiting this technology. This paper provides an updated review, building on previously published work, but also incorporates learning from schemes developed since the 1980s. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of schemes and their drivers, review the arguments for and against the implementation of IBWT schemes and examine conceptual models for assessing IBWT schemes. Our analysis suggests that IBWT is growing in popularity as a supply-side solution for water scarcity and is likely to represent a key tool for water managers into the future. However, we argue that IBWT cannot continue to be delivered through current approaches, which prioritise water-centric policies and practices at the expense of social and environmental concerns. We critically examine the Socio-Ecological Systems and Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus models as new conceptual models for conceptualising and assessing IBWT. We conclude that neither model offers a comprehensive solution. Instead, we propose an enhanced WEF model (eWEF) to facilitate a more holistic assessment of how these mega-scale engineering interventions are integrated into water management strategies. The proposed model will help water managers, decision-makers, IBWT funders and communities create more sustainable IBWT schemes.

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