Supporting Proximate Communities with P3-Systems

2005 ◽  
pp. 215-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Jones ◽  
Sukeshini A. Grandhi
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Community Member ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
User Location

In this chapter we examine systems that link People-to-People-to-geographical-Places, which we label P3-Systems. Four major P3-Systems design approaches have been identified by an analysis of systems prototyped to date: (1) People Centric P3-System design that use absolute user location, based on awareness of where somebody is located (e.g., Active Badge); (2) People Centric P3-System design based on user co-location/proximity (e.g., Hocman); (3) Place Centric P3-System design based on the use of virtual spaces that contain representations of user’s use of physical spaces (e.g., ActiveMap); and (4) Place Centric P3-System design based on the use of virtual spaces that contain online interactions related to physical location (e.g., Geonotes). This chapter explores how proximate community member interactions can potentially be well supported by P3-Systems through the improved geographical contextualization and coordination of interactions and the identification of previously unidentified location based affinities between community members.

scholarly journals Musical transformations of non-places

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Antonio Francisco Alaminos-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Ambient Music ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Musical Transformations ◽  
Physical Spaces

The twentieth and twenty-first century have been a temporary canvas where two closely related concepts have broadened, both in terms of modernity and supermodernity: ambient music and the development of urban spaces. Both phenomena undergo a development, interaction and sustained change process, largely caused by technological changes. For the purpose of this study, first the concept of "non-places" and its change from physical spaces to virtual spaces will be presented. In second place, the development of ambient music is specifically considered; first regarding the close relationship that it establishes with non-places and then the generation of atmospheres through collective sound spheres. Subsequent technological transformations spread and fragment the associations between non-places and music, enabling personal atmospheres through individual spheres. At present, technological developments allow virtual non-places to take shape (Augé), which are environmentally filled thanks to playlists through streaming services. Subsystems of delocalised networked spheres and temporary spheres are established, yet they are emotionally contiguous. This article presents the humanising role that music has experienced within this urban growth process in western societies, which have developed over the last century.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND COST SYSTEM DESIGN: EVIDENCE FROM JORDANIAN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 920-929
Author(s):  
Majdy I. Zuriekat
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Study Questionnaire

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reveal and examine the nature of costing systems design alongside the usage of new manufacturing practices in Jordanian Manufacturing Companies. Design/Methodology/Approach: For carrying out the study, 86 managers from 43 manufacturing companies received the study questionnaire from which 56 were valid for data analysis. The study results are presented using multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results using multiple regressions indicate that Just in Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM) and Product Diversity (PD) has a significant influence on costing systems design. Implications: This study provides evidence on the importance of using management practices as a driver for companies to use a broader perspective for designing costing systems. Responding managers have now empirical evidence regarding the manufacturing practices needed to design costing systems to their companies. Originality/Value: This is the first attempt to examine the manufacturing practices as a driver for cost system design. The study also provides significant managerial implications on how to use manufacturing practices to ensure better cost system design.

scholarly journals Biased Information Passing Between Subsystems Over Time in Complex System Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Austin-Breneman ◽  
Bo Yang Yu ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
System Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
System Level ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Complex System Design ◽  
Biased Information

During the early stage design of large-scale engineering systems, design teams are challenged to balance a complex set of considerations. The established structured approaches for optimizing complex system designs offer strategies for achieving optimal solutions, but in practice suboptimal system-level results are often reached due to factors such as satisficing, ill-defined problems, or other project constraints. Twelve subsystem and system-level practitioners at a large aerospace organization were interviewed to understand the ways in which they integrate subsystems in their own work. Responses showed subsystem team members often presented conservative, worst-case scenarios to other subsystems when negotiating a tradeoff as a way of hedging against their own future needs. This practice of biased information passing, referred to informally by the practitioners as adding “margins,” is modeled in this paper with a series of optimization simulations. Three “bias” conditions were tested: no bias, a constant bias, and a bias which decreases with time. Results from the simulations show that biased information passing negatively affects both the number of iterations needed and the Pareto optimality of system-level solutions. Results are also compared to the interview responses and highlight several themes with respect to complex system design practice.

Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra V. Tappeta ◽  
John E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Collaborative Optimization ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Systems

Abstract This investigation focuses on the development of modifications to the Collaborative Optimization (CO) approach to multidisciplinary systems design, that will provide solution capabilities for multiobjective problems. The primary goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview and development of mathematically rigorous optimization strategies for MultiObjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO). Collaborative Optimization strategies provide design optimization capabilities to discipline designers within a multidisciplinary design environment. To date these CO strategies have primarily been applied to system design problems which have a single objective function. Recent investigations involving multidisciplinary design simulators have reported success in applying CO to multiobjective system design problems. In this research three MultiObjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO) strategies are developed, reviewed and implemented in a comparative study. The goal of this effort is to provide an in depth comparison of different MOCO strategies available to system designers. Each of the three strategies makes use of parameter sensitivities within multilevel solution strategies. In implementation studies, each of the three MOCO strategies is effective in solving two multiobjective multidisciplinary systems design problems. Results indicate that these MOCO strategies require an accurate estimation of parameter sensitivities for successful implementation. In each of the three MOCO strategies these parameter sensitivities are obtained using post-optimality analysis techniques.

Personalization Services for Online Collaboration and Learning

2010 ◽  
pp. 1334-1346
Author(s):  
Christina E. Evangelou ◽  
Manolis Tzagarakis ◽  
Nikos Karousos ◽  
George Gkotsis
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Online Collaboration ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Learning ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Effective Collaboration ◽  
Collaboration Tools

Collaboration tools can be exploited as virtual spaces that satisfy the community members’ needs to construct and refine their ideas, opinions, and thoughts in meaningful ways, in order to suc-cessfully assist individual and community learning. More specifically, collaboration tools when properly personalized can aid individuals to articulate their personal standpoints in such a way that can be proven useful for the rest of the community where they belong. Personalization services, when properly integrated to collaboration tools, can be an aide to the development of learning skills, to the interaction with other actors, as well as to the growth of the learners’ autonomy and self-direction. This work pre-sents a framework of personalization services that has been developed to address the requirements for efficient and effective collaboration between online communities’ members that can act as catalysts for individual and community learning.

Impact of Fidelity in 3D Space Visualisation Across the Construction Asset Lifecycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Noha Saleeb
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

3D virtual building models are used to help clients reach decisions during concept and detailed design phases. However, previously published research provides evidence for discrepancies between human perception of virtual and physical spaces; thus perceiving each virtual dimension (height, width, depth) differently from its physical counterpart, with varying percentages. This can affect clients' effective decision-making during coordination if 3D virtual representations are not perceived identical to their physical equivalent. This paper discusses the impact of these discrepancies beyond the design phases and into the whole lifecycle, construction and operations. Moreover, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis provides evidence of relationships between the physical and virtual perception differences in dimension, discussing possible factors contributing to perception discrepancies affecting the individual viewer, in 2 main areas 1) 3D authoring software 2) psychophysical factors. Possible solutions are also proposed to accommodate for the discrepancy between physical and virtual spaces.

Community perceptions: procedural justice, legitimacy and body-worn cameras

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-509
Author(s):  
Paige S. Thompson ◽  
Bryce E. Peterson ◽  
Daniel S. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Community Member ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Milwaukee Police Department ◽  
Police Community Relations

PurposeThis paper explores community members' perceptions of the Milwaukee Police Department (MPD)'s body-worn camera (BWC) program, examining knowledge and support of the program and its impact on views of procedural justice and legitimacy.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave, online survey was administered to Milwaukee-area residents in the fall of 2017 and summer of 2018, yielding 1,527 respondents. Multivariate regression analyses focus on overall relationships between sociodemographic characteristics, community member knowledge of the program, procedural justice and legitimacy and support for BWCs.FindingsCommunity members are supportive of BWCs and view officers as procedurally just and legitimate; however, perceptions were significantly lower among Black respondents. Respondents with knowledge of the BWC program were more likely to view officers as procedurally just, but program knowledge did not increase support for it.Research limitations/implicationsPolice agencies may benefit from improving community awareness of their BWC program as knowledge of the program is positively linked to the views of departmental procedural justice and legitimacy. However, education efforts alone are not sufficient in improving police–community relations. Future research should examine how policing stakeholders can engage the community to build views of legitimacy associated with BWC policies.Originality/valueFindings provide insight into community member perceptions of a large BWC program in a major US city. Results demonstrate the relationship between knowledge of a department's BWC program and views of procedural justice and legitimacy and support for BWCs.

Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Tappeta ◽  
J. E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Collaborative Optimization ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Systems

This investigation focuses on the development of modifications to the Collaborative Optimization (CO) approach to multidisciplinary systems design, that will provide solution capabilities for multiobjective problems. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview and development of mathematically rigorous optimization strategies for Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO). Collaborative Optimization strategies provide design optimization capabilities to discipline designers within a multidisciplinary design environment. To date these CO strategies have primarily been applied to system design problems which have a single objective function. Recent investigations involving multidisciplinary design simulators have reported success in applying CO to multiobjective system design problems. In this research three Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO) strategies are developed, reviewed and implemented in a comparative study. The goal of this effort is to provide an in depth comparison of different MOCO strategies available to system designers. Each of the three strategies makes use of parameter sensitivities within multilevel solution strategies. In implementation studies, each of the three MOCO strategies is effective in solving a multiobjective multidisciplinary systems design problem. Results indicate that these MOCO strategies require an accurate estimation of parameter sensitivities for successful implementation. In each of the three MOCO strategies these parameter sensitivities are obtained using post-optimality analysis techniques.

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