The Field of Project Management

2009 ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Matthew Guah
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Host Organization

By examining the history of what was earlier considered project management, this chapter not only points out lessons from past practices but also justifies the selected definition of VLITP. It also explains the role of project management in a fast business environment. The author has demonstrated such importance by representing VLITP in the form of a major initiative that contains a series of relevant processes in the host organization.

The Rise and Fall of the French Agences de l’Eau: From German-Type Subsidiarität to State Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard O. Barraqué ◽  
Patrick Laigneau ◽  
Rosa Maria Formiga-Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
State Control ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Administrative Elites

The Agences de l’eau (Water Agencies) are well known abroad as the French attempt to develop integrated water management at river basin scale through the implementation of the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP). Yet, after 30 years of existence, environmental economists became aware that they were not implementing the PPP, and therefore were not aiming at reducing pollution through economic efficiency. Behind the purported success story, which still attracts visitors from abroad, a crisis has been recently growing. Initially based on the model of the German (rather than Dutch) waterboards, the French system always remained fragile and quasi-unconstitutional. It failed to choose between two legal, economic and institutional conceptions of river basin management. These principles differ on the definition of the PPP, and on the role of levies paid by water users. After presenting these two contrasting visions, the paper revisits the history of the French Agences, to show that, unwilling to modify the Constitution to make room for specific institutions to manage common pool resources, Parliament and administrative elites brought the system to levels of complexity and incoherence which might doom the experiment.

scholarly journals Small Business And Entrepreneurship Financing System In Uzbekistan: Historical Analysis And Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
Fayzulla Tolipov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
History Of

The article describes the specifics of the system of financing of small business and entrepreneurship in the recent history of Uzbekistan, the funds allocated for small business and entrepreneurship, the activities of commercial banks and the financial and banking system, some problems in the field. It also noted that since the early days of independence, a unique business environment has been created in the country to support the interests of entrepreneurs in the framework of development programs in this area, data on the role of financial mechanisms in the further development of small business and entrepreneurship in the country have been studied from a historical point of view. The article highlights the positive situation in the country's macro and microeconomic indicators, ie the active participation of banks in attracting local entrepreneurs and foreign investment, the existing problems in this area and the measures taken to address them. It analyzes the important factors and strategies of banks' participation in the development of business and entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Gender and Rural History: A Roundtable

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cabana ◽  
Colin R. Johnson ◽  
Henry French ◽  
Leen Van Molle
Keyword(s):  
Rural History ◽  
Gender Category ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this debate article is to promote a discussion of a historiographical nature (not ideological, not political) about the meaning, place and role of gender in both the rural past and the rural historiography. The discussion revolves around a variety of questions, ranging from the relevance, the opportunity and the very history of the use of gender category in rural history, to the analysis of gender (im)balances in the community of historians working in this broadly defined field of studies, not to mention the very definition of what is meant by gender. These and other related topics, for which there are no single or definitive answers, are debated here in a roundtable format.

Brain Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupamaa Seshadri ◽  
Ali Salim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Brainstem Reflex ◽  
Practice Parameters ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of “brain death” is one that has been controversial over time, requiring the development of clear guidelines to diagnose and give prognoses for patients after devastating neurologic injury. This review discusses the history of the definition of brain death, as well as the most recent guidelines and practice parameters on the determination of brain death in both the adult and pediatric populations. We provide specific and detailed instructions on the various clinical tests required, including the brain death neurologic examination and the apnea test, and discuss pitfalls in the diagnosis of brain death. This review also considers the most recent literature and guidelines as to the role of confirmatory tests making this diagnosis.  Key Words: apnea test, brain death, brainstem reflex, death examination

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter extends the book’s insights about nature, technology, and nation to the larger history of the modern period. While the modern nation loses its grip as a locus of identity and analysis, attempts to understand the operation, disruption, and collapse of continental and global infrastructures continue to mix the natural and the machinic in ways that define them both. Those vulnerabilities emphasize large-scale catastrophe; historiographically, they mask the crucial role of small-scale failures in the experience and culture of late modernity, including its definition of nature. Historical actors turned the uneven geographical distribution of small-scale failures into a marker of distinctive local natures and an element of regional and national identity. Attending to those failures helps not only situate cold-war technologies in the larger modern history of natural and machinic orders; it helps provincialize the superpowers by casting problematic “other” natures as central and primary.

Entrepreneurship Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Arminda Guerra Lopes ◽  
Eurico Ribeiro Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Static Component ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter focuses on entrepreneurship having students as actors. Students were engaged in the development of a business project. They turned ideas into action in a creative and innovative process. The academic study was conducted at a Polytechnic Health school. They used the management common tools to develop the idea and they experienced the role of an entrepreneur. Conversely, one of the aspects that contributed to the motivation for this work lies into the existing gap concerning project management applied to entrepreneurship. The current literature focuses on the definition of the business plan, a static component of entrepreneurship, which is fundamental for financing domains, but it neglects the dynamic component essential for the development of a business idea. The student majors' rewards were related with the teamwork environment: collaboration, communication, and creativity. This chapter provides to entrepreneurship educators, valuable insights on how to improve the effectiveness of the business project requirements in entrepreneurship education curriculum.

Participative project management as a comprehensive response to postmodernism criticisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Sarhadi ◽  
Saied Yousefi ◽  
Amin Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
Paradigmatic Change ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the philosophical changes which underpin research and practices in project management. This study is an attempt to challenge previous studies that have tried to explain this change in order to provide a better explanation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a critical review research method to challenge previous explanations of the paradigm change and definition of communication. For this purpose, philosophical and social theories and concepts have been used.FindingsThis paper proposed changing the paradigm from modernism to postmodernism and the paradigm shift, which happens from postmodernism to participation, as a better explanation for the paradigmatic change in project management. Furthermore, the important role of communication has been illustrated in the participation paradigm.Originality/valueFor the first time in project management, the authors attempt to clarify the role of power in this paradigmatic shift, especially because this concept is an axial concept in postmodern philosophy and a neglected concept in project management literature. In addition, communicative action theory has been used with the aim of pursuing the influence of informal power in the participation paradigm and paving the way for confronting its emerging challenges in future studies.

Inter-State Arbitration in Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 842-873
Author(s):  
Alexis Keller
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Fourth Moment ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jay Treaty ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Inter State

This chapter identifies the principal moments when the definition of arbitration and the institutions and techniques associated with it underwent major changes. It specifically highlights inter-state arbitration, yet its proposed historical lessons illuminates the entire field of international dispute settlement. This history can be divided into five distinct moments. The first, which could be described as the ‘Greek moment’, refers to the systematic use of arbitration by Greek cities to resolve their conflicts. The second, covering the period between 1200 and 1400 ad, witnessed the emergence of the first arbitration procedures under the influence of canonical law and acknowledged the growing power of the popes in the settlement of disputes between states. The third, marked by the Jay Treaty of 1794, initiated a major turning point in the history of arbitration, as it confirmed the role of diplomatic commissions in the peaceful resolution of disputes. The fourth moment, which began with the Alabama case (1871), saw the establishment of the first impartial and independent tribunal. Finally, the fifth moment began with the setting up of the Permanent Arbitration Court in 1899 and the harmonization of arbitration procedures.

Anorexia Nervosa and Dysmorphobia

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sturmey ◽  
P. D. Slade
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Cues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Control Behaviour

Anorexia nervosa is frequently associated with neurotic traits and symptoms. The symptomatology and history of a housebound 20-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa and dysmorphophobia are described. The role of the family In maintaining the problems, use of external cues to control behaviour, overvalued somatic ideas and the definition of dysmorphophobia are discussed.

Data Compilation, Analysis, and Access: The Role of the Computer

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Westbrook
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Definition Of

History is replete with examples of the enormous impact of data compilations in all fields of science and technology. The advantages and opportunities such aggregations confer include:• convenience of access,• condensation and homogenization of raw data,• formats tailored for the application,• perception of patterns,• detection of errors,• definition of gaps and inconsistencies, and• basis for formulating and testing theories.The opportunities in materials science, and specifically in the subfield of alloy design, are no fewer than in other fields of science. Indeed, as I have remarked in a review of the history of the development of understanding and application of intermetallic compounds, breakthroughs in this field have usually come about not from “a new technique, a unique experimental observation, or an abstruse theory… Rather it was the amassing of a critical volume of experimental data in the literature which permitted an individual with great insight to perceive an underlying pattern not previously apparent.”

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