Do I Have To Be An “Other” To Be Myself? Exploring Gender Diversity In Taxonomy, Data Collection, And Through The Research Data Lifecycle

Objective: Existing studies estimate that between 0.3% and 2% of adults in the U.S. (between 900,000 and 2.6 million in 2020) identify as a nonbinary gender or otherwise gender nonconforming. In response to the RDAP 2021 theme of radical change, this article examines the need to change how datasets represent nonbinary persons and how research involving gender data should approach the curation of this data at each stage of the research lifecycle. Methods: In this article, we examine some of the known challenges of gender inclusion in datasets and summarize some solutions underway. Using a critical lens, we examine the difference between current practice and inclusive practice in gender representation, describing inclusive practices at each stage of the research lifecycle from writing a data management plan to sharing data. Results: Data structures that limit gender to “male” and “female” or ontological structures that use mapping to collapse gender demographics to binary values exclude nonbinary and gender diverse populations. Some data collection instruments attempt inclusivity by adding the gender category of “other,” but using the “other” gender category labels nonbinary persons as intrinsically alien. Inclusive change must go farther, to move from alienation to inclusive categories. We describe several techniques for inclusively representing gender in data, from the data management planning stage, to collecting data, cleaning data, and sharing data. To facilitate better sharing of gender data, repositories must also allow mapping that includes nonbinary genders explicitly and allow for ontological mapping for long-term representation of diverse gender identities. Conclusions: A good practice during research design is to consider two levels of critique in the data collection plan. First, consider the research question at hand and remove unnecessary gendering from the data. Secondly, if the research question needs gender, make sure to include nonbinary genders explicitly. Allies must take on this problem without leaving it to those who are most affected by it. Further, more voices calling for inclusionary practices surrounding data rises to a crescendo that cannot be ignored.

Gender and Rural History: A Roundtable

The aim of this debate article is to promote a discussion of a historiographical nature (not ideological, not political) about the meaning, place and role of gender in both the rural past and the rural historiography. The discussion revolves around a variety of questions, ranging from the relevance, the opportunity and the very history of the use of gender category in rural history, to the analysis of gender (im)balances in the community of historians working in this broadly defined field of studies, not to mention the very definition of what is meant by gender. These and other related topics, for which there are no single or definitive answers, are debated here in a roundtable format.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND PATIENTS STATUS OF COVID-19 IN INDONESIA

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests that Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, shows differences in morbidity and mortality between the gender. The gender category is one of the simple categories but it is very important to look at the relationship between gender (male/female) and Covid-19 positive patient status (life/death). Metods: In this study used odds ratios. Result: The results showed that the chances of men affected by Covid-19 to recover were 0.75 times the chances of women with positive Covid-19 to recover. Recommandation: For further research, can use more diverse variables and larger sample sizes

La perspectiva de género y la pedagogía crítica: el uso del portafolio como herramienta reflexiva en la enseñanza de la psicología

In this text I present arguments about the importance of including the analysis of the gender category both in teaching and in the practice, theorization and dissemination of the psychological discipline, focusing on the use of the e-portfolio as a tool for the development of reflective and critical thinking, based on a teaching-learning experience with professionals in clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

Categories of gender and number and infinitive in Arabic borrowings in the modern Spanish language

The article called “Category of the gender and number and infinitive in Arabic borrowings in the modern Spanish language” issues of relative gender and number of Spanish words of Arabic origin. It is pointed out that the number of words in the sourse language may not always coinside with the same parameters of the language accepting these borrowings. Alsa cases of hesetations, relatively connected with this problem are also considered. Infinitives of the first, second and the fourth nature of infinitives are studied as well in the article. The article partially reflects the consideration of the given scientific problem. Key words: morphological indications, formal gender category, regular plural, internal plural

EXPRESSION OF NOUNS’ GENDER CATEGORY IN FRENCH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

Objective of the article is to determine the similarity and difference in the expression of nouns’ gender category in the French and Russian languages, to indicate the way and rules of revealing gender category based on lexical, grammatical and comparative analyses. Applied methods : Lexical, grammatical and comparative analyses, which allow determining the peculiarity of the expression of nouns’ gender category in the French and Russian languages; to consider the techniques of the formation of nouns’ feminine gender in the French language, the formation of nouns’ masculine, feminine, neuter genders in the Russian language. Results . The similarity of the expression of nouns’ gender category is revealed by manifesting the word-formation suffixes, substantial adjectives and participles, words of different basis, sequence of mutual gender words; and the differences revealing the absence of neuter and common genders in the French language, the presence of homonyms where gender determines the nouns’ meaning. Conclusion . The article deals with the expression of nouns’ gender category, the formation of nouns’ feminine gender in the French language, the formation of nouns’ masculine, feminine, neuter genders in the Russian language, the affix word-formation. The problem of vocabulary’s feminization in the French language is also considered. The list of homonyms is given too where gender determines the nouns’ meaning. The study of the nouns’ gender category is emphasized as actual.

The Effects of Gender Affirming Treatment on the Sporting Performance and Muscle Memory of Transgender Athletes. A Protocol for The Tavistock Transgender Athlete Study.

Introduction: The issue of integrating transgender athletes into sport is becoming more prominent with the rising numbers of those identifying as transgender in society. Whether it is fair for transgender athletes to be included in their affirmed gender category across all levels of sport from grassroots to elite is the crux of the debate. Previous studies have shown muscle mass loss in transwomen and muscle mass and strength gain in transmen after 1 year of gender-affirming treatment (GAT). Wiik et al., 2020 found that transmen retain a strength disadvantage over cisgender men and transwomen retain muscle mass and strength advantages over cisgender women after 1 year of GAT. Roberts et al., 2020 also found that running performance in transwomen was maintained but not baseline muscular strength. However, very little data on sports performance measures outside muscular strength and running times exist, nor has any of the previous data been compared with a comparative control group. Aim: To investigate the effect of “muscle memory” in transgender athletes and investigate changes in physiology after 2 years of GAT such as bone mineral density, lean muscle mass, and fat mass, coupled with sports performance measures in transwomen and transmen athletes and compare them with a cisgender female athletic cohort. This will elucidate what advantages/disadvantages transgender athletes gain/retain after 2 years of GAT over their cisgender counterparts and this will better inform policymakers who control their integration into their affirmed gender category in sport.

The Importance of Belonging: A Study About Positioning Processes in Youths’ Online Communication

The aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge of young peoples’ communication in social media. A total of 32 boys and girls aged 14 to 15 years old, from two schools in Sweden, participated in this study. A hermeneutic interpretation process formed the basis of the analysis process. The data were thematized based on patterns found throughout the material. Theoretical perspectives concerning normalization processes related to the use of language were connected to the data to deepen the understanding of themes and patterns. The result shows that there is an ongoing negotiation with reciprocal processes in which both boys and girls have lots of reference points to consider, when they interact online. There are social norms and rules related to the online arena itself, as well as normative expectations connected to gender orders. The gender category is intertwined with sexuality and group hierarchies, which give the youth different power positions to act online.

The International Vocabulary of Russian and Slovenian Languages: Gender Category

Slovenian and Russian substantive internationalisms of different grammatical gender are compared in the present article. Five groups of internationalisms have been distinguished on the basis of the formed glossary based on the dictionaries of the two languages which includes about 450 pairs of lexemes with different gender characteristics: 1) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian masculine; 2) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian feminine; 3) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian neuter; 4) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian neuter; animated nouns constitute a separate group. The significant difference is the small number of neuter gender internationalisms in Slovenian, while there are a great number of such internationalisms in Russian; as well as the predominance of feminine gender borrowings in Slovenian. The analysis has illustrated that the internationalisms gender in both languages is determined by a common set of factors (the influence of gender of the prototype word, features of the morphological category of gender in language, lexical and semantic characteristics), which have different importance in the two languages. The influence of the prototype word gender is mainly characteristic in Slovenian, while structural and paradigmatic factors play a much larger role in Russian. The differences in the donor languages are of great importance for understanding the gender distinction of internationalisms in Slovenian and Russian. The time factor is more evident in Russian, where there is a gradual increasing importance of a paradigmatic factor in the gender determination of a number of borrowings, whereas for Slovenian, where a number of borrowings-internationalisms were formed later, the time factor does not play a big role.