Team Effectiveness in Virtual Environments

2008 ◽  
pp. 1498-1515
Author(s):  
Pnina Shachaf ◽  
N. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Normative Model ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

This chapter attempts to address the need for more research on virtual team effectiveness and outlines an ecological theoretical framework that is applicable to virtual learning environments (VLE).  Prior empirical studies on virtual team effectiveness used frameworks of traditional team effectiveness and mainly followed Hackman’s normative model (input-process-output). We propose an ecological approach for virtual team effectiveness that accounts for team boundaries management, technologyuse, and external environment in VLE, properties which were previously either nonexistent or contextual.   The ecological framework suggests that three components — external environment, internal environment, and boundary management — reciprocally interact with effectiveness.   The significance of the proposed framework is a holistic perspective that takes into account the complexity of the external and internal environment of the team. Furthermore, we address the needs for new pedagogical approaches in VLE.

scholarly journals Team Effectiveness in Virtual Environments

2006 ◽  
pp. 83-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pnina Shachaf ◽  
Noriko Hara
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Normative Model ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

This chapter attempts to address the need for more research on virtual team effectiveness and outlines an ecological theoretical framework that is applicable to virtual learning environments (VLE).  Prior empirical studies on virtual team effectiveness used frameworks of traditional team effectiveness and mainly followed Hackman’s normative model (input-process-output). We propose an ecological approach for virtual team effectiveness that accounts for team boundaries management, technologyuse, and external environment in VLE, properties which were previously either nonexistent or contextual.   The ecological framework suggests that three components — external environment, internal environment, and boundary management — reciprocally interact with effectiveness.   The significance of the proposed framework is a holistic perspective that takes into account the complexity of the external and internal environment of the team. Furthermore, we address the needs for new pedagogical approaches in VLE.

Virtual Teams Demystified

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Caya ◽  
Mark Mortensen ◽  
Alain Pinsonneault
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Dynamics ◽  
Integrative Theory ◽  
Growing Body

Virtual teams have been researched intensely in the last ten years and there is a growing body of literature on the topic. At this point, the authors need an integrative theory-driven framework through which they can conceptualize the notion of virtual teams and organize and make sense of prior research. This can help them better understand what drives virtual team dynamics and ultimately effectiveness and can guide future research on the topic. Drawing on models of team effectiveness and emergent processes and states, the authors developed a framework for understanding virtual team dynamics. They then use this framework to review and synthesize one hundred and twenty-one empirical studies of virtual teams published since 1990. The authors analyzed the direct and indirect antecedents of virtual team effectiveness and identify key gaps in both their knowledge of, and approach to studying, virtual teams. They outlined areas for future research and discuss, the implications for the authors’ paper for practice and for the study of virtual and traditional teams.

scholarly journals Investigating virtual teams in massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σοφία Μυσιρλάκη
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Massively Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Effectiveness Model ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Cooperative Group Norms ◽  
Massively Multiplayer

Τα τελευταία χρόνια παρατηρείται μια αυξητική τάση στη χρήση εικονικών ομάδων από οργανισμούς και επιχειρήσεις. Ωστόσο, οι ατομικοί και οι ομαδικοί παράγοντες που οδηγούν στην αποτελεσματικότητα μιας εικονικής ομάδας παραμένουν ασαφείς και η μελέτη τους αναφορικά με τις εικονικές ομάδες θεωρείται ανεπαρκής μέχρι σήμερα. Σε μια προσπάθεια να κατανοήσουν τι κάνει μια εικονική ομάδα αποτελεσματική, οι ερευνητές μετατοπίζουν την προσοχή τους από τα παραδοσιακά περιβάλλοντα εργασίας σε εικονικά, όπως οι ομάδες των εικονικών κόσμων (VWTs). Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να συγκεντρώσει τα πρόσφατα ευρήματα της σχετικής έρευνας και να προσπαθήσει να ανιχνεύσει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι εικονικές ομάδες λειτουργούν πιο αποτελεσματικά, εστιάζοντας στις ομάδες των εικονικών κόσμων των ηλεκτρονικών παιχνιδιών πολλαπλών χρηστών - Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). Αρχικά έγινε μια προκαταρκτική μελέτη με στόχο την διερεύνηση της αντίληψης των παικτών σχετικά με την ανάπτυξη soft skills στο περιβάλλον των MMOGs. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της προκαταρκτικής μελέτης, σχεδιάστηκε η έρευνα η οποία βασίστηκε στους σημαντικότερους παράγοντες αποτελεσματικότητας μιας εικονικής ομάδας, όπως αυτοί προσδιορίστηκαν και από τη βιβλιογραφία. Για τις ανάγκες τις εργασίας δημιουργήθηκε ένα ενοποιημένο μοντέλο για την αποτελεσματικότητα των εικονικών ομάδων (Virtual Team Effectiveness Model-VTEM), βασισμένο στο Input-Process-Output (IPO) model για να εξετάσει τις σχέσεις μεταξύ εισροών ομαδικού, περιβαλλοντικού και ατομικού χαρακτήρα (Συνεργατικών κανόνων της ομάδας - Cooperative Group Norms, Αλληλεξάρτησης εργασιών κατά την λειτουργία της ομάδας-Task Interdependence, Συναισθηματικής νοημοσύνης του ηγέτη μιας εικονικής ομάδας-Emotional Intelligence), διαπροσωπικές, μεταβατικές και διαδικασίες δράσης (Κοινωνικό κεφαλαίο-Social Capital, Συνοχής της ομάδας-Team Cohesion, Μετασχηματιστικής ηγεσία-Transformational Leadership) και της Αποτελεσματικότητας της εικονικής ομάδας (Virtual Team Effectiveness). Η μέθοδος της Επιβεβαιωτικής Ανάλυσης Παραγόντων (CFA) διεξήχθη προκειμένου να αξιολογηθεί η ικανότητα του μοντέλου να ερμηνεύσει τις σχέσεις ανάμεσα στις μεταβλητές. Στη συνέχεια ακολουθήθηκε η μέθοδος της Μοντελοποίησης Δομικών Εξισώσεων (SEM) για να αποκαλυφθούν οι άμεσες και έμμεσες σχέσεις μεταξύ αυτών των παραγόντων. Με τη μέθοδο των Μοντέλων Δομικών Εξισώσεων (SEM) (N = 500) αποκαλύφθηκε ότι η συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη του ηγέτη σχετίζεται θετικά με τη μετασχηματιστική ηγεσία, η οποία με τη σειρά της συνδέεται με την αποτελεσματικότητα της ομάδας. Επιπλέον, αποκαλύφθηκε μια στατιστικά σημαντική σχέση μεταξύ της αλληλεξάρτησης εργασιών κατά την λειτουργία της ομάδας, των συνεργατικών κανόνων της ομάδας, του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου, της συνοχής της ομάδας και της αποτελεσματικότητας της εικονικής ομάδας. Επιπλέον, η αλληλεξάρτηση εργασιών φάνηκε να σχετίζεται επίσης με την ικανοποίηση της ομάδας, έναν σημαντικό παράγοντα της αποτελεσματικότητας της ομάδας. Τέλος, η συνοχή της ομάδας έχει μερικώς μεσολαβητικό ρόλο μεταξύ της μετασχηματιστικής ηγεσίας, όπως αυτή γίνεται αντιληπτή σε επίπεδο ομάδας και της αποτελεσματικότητας της εικονικής ομάδας. Επιπλέον, προκειμένου να εξεταστούν οι διαφορές μεταξύ των δυο φύλων για κάθε μια από τις μεταβλητές του μοντέλου, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι στατιστικές μέθοδοι Ανάλυσης Διασποράς (one-way ANOVA) και Tukey post hoc τεστ. Σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ ανδρών και γυναικών βρέθηκε στις αντιλήψεις των παικτών σχετικά με τη συναισθηματική νοημοσύνη του ηγέτη της ομάδας, τη μετασχηματιστική ηγεσία και την αποτελεσματικότητα της εικονικής ομάδας. Σημαντικές διαφορές εντοπίστηκαν επίσης σε παράγοντες του μοντέλου σε επίπεδο συμμετοχής στην ομάδα (χαμηλό, μέσο και υψηλό επίπεδο συμμετοχής).

Metabolism, homeostasis and growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton ◽  
Margaret Burton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Yolk Proteins ◽  
Active Substances

Metabolism consists of the sum of anabolism (construction) and catabolism (destruction) with the release of energy, and achieving a fairly constant internal environment (homeostasis). The aquatic external environment favours differences from mammalian pathways of excretion and requires osmoregulatory adjustments for fresh water and seawater though some taxa, notably marine elasmobranchs, avoid osmoregulatory problems by retaining osmotically active substances such as urea, and molecules protecting tissues from urea damage. Ion regulation may occur through chloride cells of the gills. Most fish are not temperature regulators but a few are regional heterotherms, conserving heat internally. The liver has many roles in metabolism, including in some fish the synthesis of antifreeze seasonally. Maturing females synthesize yolk proteins in the liver. Energy storage may include the liver and, surprisingly, white muscle. Fish growth can be indeterminate and highly variable, with very short (annual) life cycles or extremely long cycles with late and/or intermittent reproduction.

EFFECTS OF GROWTH INHIBITION BY HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE ON VARIANCE IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
J. S. Gavora ◽  
G. C. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Treatment Interaction

Traditionally genotype by environment interaction studies have dealt with changes in external environment. In this experiment an attempt was made to alter internal environment and keep external environment constant. Cockerels from each of six different commercial stocks were injected with 0,1,2 and 4 mgs hydrocortisone acetate per 100 gms body weight at 14 days of age. This type of hormonal treatment was shown to release additional variability in growth without producing any stock-treatment interaction at the level of means. The results indicate a possible new avenue for future research.

The main components of comprehensive support economic security of wholesale enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kuchmieiev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Main Components

The aim of the article is to analyze the state of risk management in wholesale enterprises, identify gaps and shortcomings, identify the main components of comprehensive economic security of wholesale enterprises. The methodology of the survey. The following research methods were used to solve the research tasks: analytical for studying and analyzing the scientific literature of the problem, regulations, official websites on the Internet, as well as analysis of functions, methods and technologies of integrated economic security of wholesale enterprises; generalizations for defining the conceptual apparatus of research, formulation of theoretical and practical approaches and conclusions; modeling in order to develop an algorithm for planning work on risk management in wholesale enterprises; observation of the functioning of wholesale trade enter- prises in modern realities, etc. The scientific novelty of the work is to develop an algorithm for planning work on risk management in wholesale enterprises. Conclusion. The article reveals the procedure for studying the destabilizing fac- tors and opportunities of the internal and external environment of the wholesale enterprise, in particular: first it is proposed to determine the factors of external and internal environment that affect the company and will affect it in the stra- tegic period; then gather information about these factors; further evaluate the

scholarly journals Podlaskie Voivodeship as an Opportunity for the Development of the BRI in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Joanna Gniedziejko ◽  
Łukasz Rybiński
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Logical Construction ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Critical Literature

This study aims to evaluate Podlaskie Voivodeship as an important element for the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, by identifying both the internal environment (in terms of strengths and weaknesses) as well as the external environment (in the context of opportunities and threats) of Podlaskie Voivodeship. The study was conducted using critical literature analysis, logical construction method, and SWOT analysis. The authors of the study identified and assessed the strengths and weaknesses of Podlaskie Voivodeship related to the development of the logistics infrastructure of the voivodeship in the light of the Belt and Road Initiative and the opportunities and threats associated with it. Factors of Podlaskie Voivodeship indicated in the article can influence the course of action to increase the competitive advantage of Podlaskie Voivodeship regarding the development of the Belt and Road Initiative in Europe. The study includes a comprehensive SWOT analysis of the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. Elements analyzed by the authors may have a significant impact on the development of the voivodeship's infrastructure network regarding the expansion of the BRI

scholarly journals MODEL STRATEGIC PLACES TRIANGLE UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PARIWISATA

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchammad Nurif
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
One Stop

This research conducts on analysis of changes in the external environment of tourist destination especially for Kota Batu Malang District (East Java Province). The result of mapping analysis of the external environment shows factors that influence the condition, such as technological changes, the changes on regulation policy, socio-cultural changes, economical changes, and market changes. The analysis of internal environment of tourist destination in Kota Batu Malang results some influencing factors, namely a) nearness to Surabaya as the centre of government and economy, b) bureaucratic government system, c) the growth of industrial and tourism sector after agriculture. The use of Strategic Place Triangle approach and SWOT analysis results Positioning, Differentiation, and Brand of Kota Batu Malang tourism area. The Positioning of Kota Batu Malang tourism area is Bali of East Java that still holds religious values and local culture. The Differentiation is one-stop-shopping services, endless tourism enchantment, natural beauty, welcoming people, fame and enchant. The Brand of Kota Batu Malang tourism area is Enchantment of Kota Batu Malang Tourism.

scholarly journals Analisis Strategis dan Kunci Keberhasilan Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BPSDM) Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Lailatul Isnaini ◽  
Musfarita Affiani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Main Method

This paper aims to determine 1) the internal environment BPSDM Prov. Jambi, 2) external environment BPSDM Prov. Jambi, and 3) what strategic alternatives that could be taken after the change in nomenclature BPSDM Prov. Jambi. The main method of this article is a review of the relevant literature and documentation were analyzed using analysis of internal factors (Internal Factor Analysis Summary), the analysis of external factors (External Factor Analysis Summary) and SWOT analysis.

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