Metabolism, homeostasis and growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton ◽  
Margaret Burton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Yolk Proteins ◽  
Active Substances

Metabolism consists of the sum of anabolism (construction) and catabolism (destruction) with the release of energy, and achieving a fairly constant internal environment (homeostasis). The aquatic external environment favours differences from mammalian pathways of excretion and requires osmoregulatory adjustments for fresh water and seawater though some taxa, notably marine elasmobranchs, avoid osmoregulatory problems by retaining osmotically active substances such as urea, and molecules protecting tissues from urea damage. Ion regulation may occur through chloride cells of the gills. Most fish are not temperature regulators but a few are regional heterotherms, conserving heat internally. The liver has many roles in metabolism, including in some fish the synthesis of antifreeze seasonally. Maturing females synthesize yolk proteins in the liver. Energy storage may include the liver and, surprisingly, white muscle. Fish growth can be indeterminate and highly variable, with very short (annual) life cycles or extremely long cycles with late and/or intermittent reproduction.

I Feel That! Fluid Dynamics and Sensory Aspects of Larval Settlement across Scales

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Juvenile Habitat

A commonality among oceanic life cycles is a process known as settlement, where dispersing propagules transition to the sea floor. For many marine invertebrates, this transition is irreversible, and therefore involves a crucial decision-making process through which larvae evaluate their juvenile habitat-to-be. In this chapter, we consider aspects of the external environment that could influence successful settlement. Specifically, we discuss water flow across scales, and how larvae can engage behaviors to influence where ocean currents take them, and enhance the likelihood of their being carried toward suitable settlement locations. Next, we consider what senses larvae utilize to evaluate their external environment and properly time such behavioral modifications, and settlement generally. We hypothesize that larvae integrate these various external cues in a hierarchical fashion, with differing arrangements being employed across ontogeny and among species. We conclude with a brief discussion of the future promises of larval biology, ecology, and evolution.

EFFECTS OF GROWTH INHIBITION BY HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE ON VARIANCE IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
J. S. Gavora ◽  
G. C. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Treatment Interaction

Traditionally genotype by environment interaction studies have dealt with changes in external environment. In this experiment an attempt was made to alter internal environment and keep external environment constant. Cockerels from each of six different commercial stocks were injected with 0,1,2 and 4 mgs hydrocortisone acetate per 100 gms body weight at 14 days of age. This type of hormonal treatment was shown to release additional variability in growth without producing any stock-treatment interaction at the level of means. The results indicate a possible new avenue for future research.

The main components of comprehensive support economic security of wholesale enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kuchmieiev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Main Components

The aim of the article is to analyze the state of risk management in wholesale enterprises, identify gaps and shortcomings, identify the main components of comprehensive economic security of wholesale enterprises. The methodology of the survey. The following research methods were used to solve the research tasks: analytical for studying and analyzing the scientific literature of the problem, regulations, official websites on the Internet, as well as analysis of functions, methods and technologies of integrated economic security of wholesale enterprises; generalizations for defining the conceptual apparatus of research, formulation of theoretical and practical approaches and conclusions; modeling in order to develop an algorithm for planning work on risk management in wholesale enterprises; observation of the functioning of wholesale trade enter- prises in modern realities, etc. The scientific novelty of the work is to develop an algorithm for planning work on risk management in wholesale enterprises. Conclusion. The article reveals the procedure for studying the destabilizing fac- tors and opportunities of the internal and external environment of the wholesale enterprise, in particular: first it is proposed to determine the factors of external and internal environment that affect the company and will affect it in the stra- tegic period; then gather information about these factors; further evaluate the

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanoscale Based Electrocatalysts for Metal-Air Battery, Fuel Cell and Water-Splitting Applications: An Overview

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Tse-Wei Chen ◽  
Ganesan Anushya ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Palraj Kalimuthu ◽  
Vinitha Mariyappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Energy Storage Technology ◽  
Air Battery

Metal-air batteries and fuel cells are considered the most promising highly efficient energy storage systems because they possess long life cycles, high carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance, and low fuel crossover ability. The use of energy storage technology in the transport segment holds great promise for producing green and clean energy with lesser greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In recent years, nanoscale based electrocatalysts have shown remarkable electrocatalytic performance towards the construction of sustainable energy-related devices/applications, including fuel cells, metal-air battery and water-splitting processes. This review summarises the recent advancement in the development of nanoscale-based electrocatalysts and their energy-related electrocatalytic applications. Further, we focus on different synthetic approaches employed to fabricate the nanomaterial catalysts and also their size, shape and morphological related electrocatalytic performances. Following this, we discuss the catalytic reaction mechanism of the electrochemical energy generation process, which provides close insight to develop a more efficient catalyst. Moreover, we outline the future perspectives and challenges pertaining to the development of highly efficient nanoscale-based electrocatalysts for green energy storage technology.

scholarly journals Podlaskie Voivodeship as an Opportunity for the Development of the BRI in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Joanna Gniedziejko ◽  
Łukasz Rybiński
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Logical Construction ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Critical Literature

This study aims to evaluate Podlaskie Voivodeship as an important element for the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, by identifying both the internal environment (in terms of strengths and weaknesses) as well as the external environment (in the context of opportunities and threats) of Podlaskie Voivodeship. The study was conducted using critical literature analysis, logical construction method, and SWOT analysis. The authors of the study identified and assessed the strengths and weaknesses of Podlaskie Voivodeship related to the development of the logistics infrastructure of the voivodeship in the light of the Belt and Road Initiative and the opportunities and threats associated with it. Factors of Podlaskie Voivodeship indicated in the article can influence the course of action to increase the competitive advantage of Podlaskie Voivodeship regarding the development of the Belt and Road Initiative in Europe. The study includes a comprehensive SWOT analysis of the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. Elements analyzed by the authors may have a significant impact on the development of the voivodeship's infrastructure network regarding the expansion of the BRI

scholarly journals MODEL STRATEGIC PLACES TRIANGLE UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PARIWISATA

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchammad Nurif
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
One Stop

This research conducts on analysis of changes in the external environment of tourist destination especially for Kota Batu Malang District (East Java Province). The result of mapping analysis of the external environment shows factors that influence the condition, such as technological changes, the changes on regulation policy, socio-cultural changes, economical changes, and market changes. The analysis of internal environment of tourist destination in Kota Batu Malang results some influencing factors, namely a) nearness to Surabaya as the centre of government and economy, b) bureaucratic government system, c) the growth of industrial and tourism sector after agriculture. The use of Strategic Place Triangle approach and SWOT analysis results Positioning, Differentiation, and Brand of Kota Batu Malang tourism area. The Positioning of Kota Batu Malang tourism area is Bali of East Java that still holds religious values and local culture. The Differentiation is one-stop-shopping services, endless tourism enchantment, natural beauty, welcoming people, fame and enchant. The Brand of Kota Batu Malang tourism area is Enchantment of Kota Batu Malang Tourism.

scholarly journals Analisis Strategis dan Kunci Keberhasilan Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BPSDM) Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Lailatul Isnaini ◽  
Musfarita Affiani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
External Environment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Main Method

This paper aims to determine 1) the internal environment BPSDM Prov. Jambi, 2) external environment BPSDM Prov. Jambi, and 3) what strategic alternatives that could be taken after the change in nomenclature BPSDM Prov. Jambi. The main method of this article is a review of the relevant literature and documentation were analyzed using analysis of internal factors (Internal Factor Analysis Summary), the analysis of external factors (External Factor Analysis Summary) and SWOT analysis.

Hygrothermal Behaviour of Inorganic Binder-Based Board Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Jan Bubeník ◽  
Jiří Zach
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hygrothermal Behaviour ◽  
Diffusion Properties

Currently, the use of board materials as a material intended for the dry construction of building structure cladding in the building industry has become widespread. The most common types of board materials include wood-based boards (particle, fibre, laminated / plywood, oriented strand boards [OSB]), cement-bonded particleboards and gypsum plasterboards or gypsum fibre boards. In the case of board materials based on inorganic binders, these are most often represented by boards in which the fillers used are bonded by plaster or cement. Wood can then be used as filler, which is predominantly an assortment of inferior-quality trees or comes from a short rotation coppice, treated by various technological processes. Microstructure and material composition have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The use of the boards in the internal or external environment is determined by their individual properties. Another indicator for the possible use of boards is the form of moisture with which the board comes into contact after installation into the structure. For the external environment, the boards have to withstand mainly liquid moisture; in contrast, in an internal environment, the boards come into contact mainly with air humidity. The diffusion properties of the individual products are also crucial for the overall design and use of the boards for structure cladding.

Low Usage of Intelligent Technologies by the Aged

2013 ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Heng ◽  
Subhasis Banerji
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
External Environment ◽  
High Technology ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Eastern Philosophies

Contrary to expectations, assistive technology (AT) usage by the elderly has not increased in proportion to availability and ease of access. This is despite a belief that technology can contribute significantly towards improving their quality-of-life. Our Rehabilitation Mechatronics research group at NTU Singapore is developing a “unified neuro-physio platform”, taking a cue from Eastern philosophies which emphasize that the “internal environment” of the users strongly affects how they interact with the “external environment.” This chapter highlights the need to bridge these two environments meaningfully through “sensitive” technologies which address the mindsets and learning mechanisms of users. The technology platform we propose helps the elderly to understand and enhance their internal environment in order to interact at various levels with AT in their external environment. It provides a fresh approach to understanding and minimizing the persistent “digital divide” between the elderly and high technology.

Team Effectiveness in Virtual Environments

2008 ◽  
pp. 1498-1515
Author(s):  
Pnina Shachaf ◽  
N. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Normative Model ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

This chapter attempts to address the need for more research on virtual team effectiveness and outlines an ecological theoretical framework that is applicable to virtual learning environments (VLE).  Prior empirical studies on virtual team effectiveness used frameworks of traditional team effectiveness and mainly followed Hackman’s normative model (input-process-output). We propose an ecological approach for virtual team effectiveness that accounts for team boundaries management, technologyuse, and external environment in VLE, properties which were previously either nonexistent or contextual.   The ecological framework suggests that three components — external environment, internal environment, and boundary management — reciprocally interact with effectiveness.   The significance of the proposed framework is a holistic perspective that takes into account the complexity of the external and internal environment of the team. Furthermore, we address the needs for new pedagogical approaches in VLE.

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