The Evolution of the Genetic Code from the Viewpoint of the Genetic 8-Dimensional Yin-Yang-Algebra
The set of known dialects of the genetic code is analyzed from the viewpoint of the genetic 8-dimensional Yin-Yang-algebra. This algebra was described in Chapter 7. The octet Yin-Yang-algebra is considered as the model of the genetic code. From the viewpoint of this algebraic model, for example, the sets of 20 amino acids and of 64 triplets consist of sub-sets of “male,” “female,” and “androgynous” molecules, and so forth. This algebra allows one to reveal hidden peculiarities of the structure and evolution of the genetic code and to propose the conception of “sexual” relationships among genetic molecules. The first results of the analysis of the genetic code systems from such an algebraic viewpoint speak about the close connection between evolution of the genetic code and this algebra. They include 7 phenomenological rules of evolution of the dialects of the genetic code. The evolution of the genetic code appears as the struggle between male and female beginnings. The hypothesis about new biophysical factor of “sexual” interactions among genetic molecules is proposed. The matrix forms of presentation of elements of the genetic octet Yin-Yang-algebra are connected with Hadamard matrices by means of the simple U-algorithm. Hadamard matrices play a significant role in the theory of quantum computers, in particular. It leads to new opportunities for the possible understanding of genetic code systems as quantum computer systems. Revealed algebraic properties of the genetic code allow one to put forward the problem of algebraization of bioinformatics on the basis of the algebras of the genetic code. The described investigations are connected with the question: what is life from the viewpoint of algebra?