Anthropomorphic Feedback in User Interfaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 358-372
Author(s):  
Pietro Murano ◽  
Patrik O’Brian Holt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Task Context ◽  
The Way

Experimental work on anthropomorphic feedback in user interfaces has shown inconsistent results and researchers offer differing opinions as to the potential usefulness of this style of user interaction. A review of the literature shows that experimental work can be improved and enhanced by taking into account issues that characterise human-human communications. Results from three experiments are reported that exhibit the previously observed inconsistencies but this is arguably a function of task context. An alternative explanation is that the results are a reflection of the cognitive nature of tasks. Overall, the results point the way to further and future results in terms of refining procedures but also in terms of theoretical focus.

Why Only Evidential Considerations Can Justify Belief

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Nolfi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Justify Belief ◽  
Epistemic Normativity ◽  
Epistemic Reasons ◽  
Aim Of Belief ◽  
The Way

At least when we restrict our attention to the epistemic domain, it seems clear that only considerations which bear on whether p can render a subject’s belief that p epistemically justified, by constituting the reasons on the basis of which she believes that p. And we ought to expect any account of epistemic normativity to explain why this is so. Extant accounts generally appeal to the idea that belief aims at truth, in an effort to explain why there is a kind of evidential constraint on the sorts of considerations that can be epistemic reasons. However, there are grounds for doubting that belief, in fact, aims at truth in the way that these accounts propose. This chapter develops an alternative explanation of why it is that non-evidential considerations cannot be epistemic reasons by taking seriously the idea that the constitutive aim of belief is fundamentally action-oriented.

Overview of the Patient Perspective at OMERACT 10 — Conceptualizing Methods for Developing Patient-Reported Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. KIRWAN ◽  
PETER S. TUGWELL
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Patient Perspective ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Instrument Selection ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Choice Of Instruments ◽  
The Way

This overview draws out the main conclusions from the 4 workshops focused on incorporating the patient perspective into outcome assessment at the 10th Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT 10) conference. They raised methodological issues about the choice of outcome domains to include in clinical trials, the development or choice of instruments to measure these domains, and the way these instruments might capture the impact of a disease and its treatment. The need to develop a more rigorous conceptual model of quantifying the way conditions affect health, and the need to ensure patients are directly involved in the decisions about domains and instruments, emerged clearly. The OMERACT participants voted to develop guidelines for domain and instrument selection, and conceptual and experimental work will be brought forward to revise and upgrade the OMERACT Filter.

The Rapid Development of User Interfaces: Experience with the Wizard of OZ Method

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Green ◽  
Lisa Wei-Haas
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Machines ◽  
User Queries

The Wizard of Oz technique is an efficient way to examine user interaction with computers and facilitate rapid iterative development of dialog wording and logic. The technique requires two machines linked together, one for the subject and one for the experimenter. In this implementation the experimenter (the “Wizard”), pretending to be a computer, types in complete replies to user queries or presses function keys to which common messages have been assigned (e.g., Fl=“Help is not available”). The software automatically records the dialog and its timing. This paper provides a detailed description of the first implementation of the Oz paradigm for the IBM Personal Computer. It also includes application guidelines, information which is currently missing from the literature.

scholarly journals A Viewpoint on Accent Services: Framing and Terminology Matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vikas Grover ◽  
Aravind Namasivayam ◽  
Nidhi Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Accent Modification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to offer a contemporary viewpoint on accent services and contend that an equity-minded reframing of accent services in speech-language pathology is long overdue. Such reframing should address directly the use of nonpejorative terminology and the need for nurturing global linguistic diversity and practitioner diversity in speech-language pathology. The authors offer their perspective on affirmative and least-biased accent services, an in-depth scoping review of the literature on accent modification, and discuss using terms that communicate unconditional respect for speaker identity and an understanding of the impact of accent services on accented speakers. Conclusions: Given ongoing discussions about the urgent need to diversify the profession of speech-language pathology, critical attention is needed toward existing biases toward accented speakers and how such biases manifest in the way that accent services are provided as well as in how clinicians conceptualize their role in working with accented speakers. The authors conclude with discussing alternate terms and offer recommendations for accent services provided by speech-language pathologists.

History Undone: Towards a Deleuzo-Guattarian Philosophy of History

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
First Line ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Antonio Negri ◽  
The Way

For those familiar with the work of Deleuze, and Deleuze and Guattari, it might at first seem unwise to pursue a Deleuze and Guattarian philosophy of history. After all, is it not Deleuze who, in an interview with Antonio Negri, argues that ‘What history grasps in an event is the way it’s actualized in particular circumstances; the event's becoming is beyond the scope of history'? (Deleuze 1995 : 170). And more damningly, Deleuze adds, ‘History isn’t experimental, it's just the set of more or less negative preconditions that make it possible to experiment with something beyond history' (Deleuze 1995 : 170). History, in short, is a starting point for experimental work, but it is precisely history ‘that one leaves behind in order to “become,” that is, to create something new’ (1995: 171). Similarly in A Thousand Plateaus, Deleuze and Guattari argue that ‘History is made by those who oppose history (not by those who insert themselves into it, or even reshape it)’ (Deleuze and Guattari 1987 : 295). In the very first line of his book, Lampert recognizes the possible conclusion these citations might lead one to, namely, ‘Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy of becoming seems at times opposed to the very idea of historical succession' (1); and yet, as Lampert adeptly demonstrates, it would be a mistake to conclude that opposing history to ‘create something new’, ‘something beyond history’, necessarily entails being hostile to history, to the ‘idea of historical succession’, and thus to a philosophy of history.

A Conceptual Framework for Interoperability of Mobile User Interfaces with Ambient Computing Environments

2012 ◽  
pp. 200-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Interaction Styles ◽  
Application Logic ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ambient Computing

The use of mobile and hand-held devices is a desirable option for implementation of user interaction with remote services from a distance, whereby the user should be able to select the input device depending on personal preferences, capabilities and availability of interaction devices. Because of the heterogeneity of available devices and interaction styles, the interoperability needs particular attention by the developer. This paper describes the design of a general solution to enable mobile devices to have control on services at remote hosts. The applied approach enhances the idea of separating the user interface from the application logic, leading to the definition of virtual or logical input devices physically separated from the controlled services.

Control of Aeroplanes at Low Speeds

1923 ◽  
Vol 27 (154) ◽  
pp. 473-487
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Private Person ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Combined Work ◽  
The Way

I must begin by explaining how I come to be giving this lecture. The experimental work with which I shall deal has, for the most part, been done at the N.P.L. and the R.A.E., under the general direction of the Aeronautical Research Committee. The way in which I come to be connected with the work is that I am a member of this Committee and am Chairman of a small panel that was created, some three years ago, by the Committee, to deal with this and other work relating to control and stability. The experiments that I shall describe and the methods of dealing with the results that I shall employ are, therefore, the results of the combined work of a considerable number of people. I can thus claim no special ownership of any of the ideas that I shall use, except in so far as I belong to the panel that has been working upon them. On the other hand I am giving the lecture as a private person, so that any views I express are personal ones and in no sense official.

A Web-Based Virtual Research Environment for Marine Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merret Buurman ◽  
Sebastian Mieruch ◽  
Alexander Barth ◽  
Charles Troupin ◽  
Peter Thijsse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
User Authentication ◽  
File Systems ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Synchronization Mechanism ◽  
Virtual Research Environment ◽  
The Individual

<p>Like most areas of research, the marine sciences are undergoing an increased use of observational data from a multitude of sensors. As it is cumbersome to download, combine and process the increasing volume of data on the individual researcher's desktop computer, many areas of research turn to web- and cloud-based platforms. In the scope of the SeaDataCloud project, such a platform is being developed together with the EUDAT consortium.</p><p>The SeaDataCloud Virtual Research Environment (VRE) is designed to give researchers access to popular processing and visualization tools and to commonly used marine datasets of the SeaDataNet community. Some key aspects such as user authentication, hosting input and output data, are based on EUDAT services, with the perspective of integration into EOSC at a later stage.</p><p>The technical infrastructure is provided by five large EUDAT computing centres across Europe, where operational environments are heterogeneous and spatially far apart. The processing tools (pre-existing as desktop versions) are developed by various institutions of the SeaDataNet community. While some of the services interact with users via command line and can comfortably be exposed as JupyterNotebooks, many of them are very visual (e.g. user interaction with a map) and rely heavily on graphical user interfaces.</p><p>In this presentation, we will address some of the issues we encountered while building an integrated service out of the individual applications, and present our approaches to deal with them.</p><p>Heterogeneity in operational environments and dependencies is easily overcome by using Docker containers. Leveraging processing resources all across Europe is the most challenging part as yet. Containers are easily deployed anywhere in Europe, but the heavy dependence on (potentially shared) input data, and the possibility that the same data may be used by various services at the same time or in quick succession means that data synchronization across Europe has to take place at some point of the process. Designing a synchronization mechanism that does this without conflicts or inconsistencies, or coming up with a distribution scheme that minimizes the synchronization problem is not trivial.</p><p>Further issues came up during the adaptation of existing applications for server-based operation. This includes topics such as containerization, user authentication and authorization and other security measures, but also the locking of files, permissions on shared file systems and exploitation of increased hardware resources.</p>

Acinous cell carcinoma of the larynx

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kallis ◽  
D. J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx ◽  
Acinous Cell ◽  
The Way

AbstractAcinous cell tumours of the larynx and trachea are extremely rare. A recent review of the literature has only found four reported cases. This short report describes such a patient and discusses her management in the light of previous articles. In view of its rarity in the laryngotracheal area and the uncertainty in the way in which the tumour should be managed, we thought the following case report and review of the literature would be of interest.

Parents’ Speech and Children’s Stuttering: A Critique of the Literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Nippold ◽  
Mishelle Rudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Question Asking ◽  
Speech Behaviors ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Way

The role of parents in relation to their children’s stuttering has been of great interest to speech-language pathologists for more than 50 years. As part of treatment, speech-language pathologists frequently advise parents to modify their speech behaviors when talking with their children. For example, parents are often told to speak more slowly and to refrain from interrupting or questioning the child excessively. Given the commonness of this advice, it is important to examine the research upon which it is based. This article contains a critical review of the literature concerning the role of parents’ speech behaviors (e.g., rate, interruptions, question-asking) in relation to their children’s stuttering. Published studies are reported and analyzed in order to determine the extent to which parents may affect their children’s stuttering through their own speech behaviors. The review indicates that there is little convincing evidence to support the view that parents of children who stutter differ from parents of children who do not stutter in the way they talk with their children. Similarly, there is little objective support for the argument that parents’ speech behaviors contribute to children’s stuttering or that modifying parents’ speech behaviors facilitates children’s fluency. Implications for treatment and for future research are discussed.

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