Review of Current ICT Developments

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
S.C. Lenny Koh ◽  
Stuart Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Development Spending ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Roll Out

The issues that are currently affecting all managers are similar to those facing managers of ICT. The following is a list, though not exhaustive, of the issues confronting organizations in changing business environments as shown in Figure 1.1. Most organizations are conducting their business in global situations that place extra pressure on their effective usage of ICT. They may have to think in terms of worldwide purchasing of parts and raw materials. Many organizations view their products as being global. Firms will have to ensure that they can provide efficient supply chain management. This may require an integrated customer service where geographical boundaries should not cause loss of business effectiveness. Companies may need to provide rationalised manufacturing as they roll-out products worldwide. All organizations will strive to gain global economies of scale. However, as one can imagine developing an ICT strategy that is able to stand the test of time is well nigh impossible. In 2008 large firms in the ICT sector, such as Google, I.B.M., H.P. and Sun are rolling out major green initiatives to reflect current environmental concerns. It is not too long ago that the ICT sector was monopolised by the United States and the United Kingdom. Increasingly sector pundits are talking of the Chindia phenomenon. ICT research and development spending in China is still behind the U.S. but ahead of Japan. Firms in India, such as Infosys, are increasingly moving into the high value-added part of the sector.

scholarly journals Institutional Policies and Practices for Admitting, Assessing, and Tracking International Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. I-VI
Author(s):  
Maureen Snow Andrade
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The U.S

The United States has the largest market share of international students at 22%, followed by the United Kingdom at 11% (Project Atlas, 2015). The U.S. share has decreased from 28% in 2001 although total numbers ofinternational students are increasing (Project Atlas, 2015). Decreased market share may be due to targeted national strategies in other countries to attract international students. These include immigration policies that not only expedite obtaining a student visa, but provide opportunities to work while studying and permanent jobs and residency after graduation (e.g., Canada, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden) (Lane, 2015). Nations are also actively recruiting, providing databases with comprehensive information about studying in the country, (e.g., the Netherlands), and offering financial incentives (e.g., Germany)(Lane, 2015). In some cases, countries that once sent students to study abroad (United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Malaysia) are now actively recruiting to host students from their regions (Lane, 2015).

scholarly journals International Student Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharif Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Students ◽  
International Student ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) surrounds the transition that international students encounter when they attend universities in developed countries in pursuit of higher education. Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) describe how some countries like Australia and the United Kingdom host more international students than the United States (U.S.) and provides some guidelines for the U.S. higher education institutions to follow to host more international students. This book contains seven chapters.

scholarly journals The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Autor ◽  
David Dorn ◽  
Lawrence F Katz ◽  
Christina Patterson ◽  
John Van Reenen
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Labor Share ◽  
Economic Census ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Labor's Share ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Number Of Firms

Abstract The fall of labor’s share of GDP in the United States and many other countries in recent decades is well documented but its causes remain uncertain. Existing empirical assessments typically rely on industry or macro data, obscuring heterogeneity among firms. In this article, we analyze micro panel data from the U.S. Economic Census since 1982 and document empirical patterns to assess a new interpretation of the fall in the labor share based on the rise of “superstar firms.” If globalization or technological changes push sales toward the most productive firms in each industry, product market concentration will rise as industries become increasingly dominated by superstar firms, which have high markups and a low labor share of value added. We empirically assess seven predictions of this hypothesis: (i) industry sales will increasingly concentrate in a small number of firms; (ii) industries where concentration rises most will have the largest declines in the labor share; (iii) the fall in the labor share will be driven largely by reallocation rather than a fall in the unweighted mean labor share across all firms; (iv) the between-firm reallocation component of the fall in the labor share will be greatest in the sectors with the largest increases in market concentration; (v) the industries that are becoming more concentrated will exhibit faster growth of productivity; (vi) the aggregate markup will rise more than the typical firm’s markup; and (vii) these patterns should be observed not only in U.S. firms but also internationally. We find support for all of these predictions.

Problem-Solving Skills of the U.S. Workforce and Preparedness for Job Automation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Cummins ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Roberto J. Millar ◽  
Shalini Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
International Assessment ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Skill Category

Automation and advanced technologies have increased the need for a better understanding of the skills necessary to have a globally competitive workforce. This study used data from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies to compare problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments among adults in South Korea, Germany, Singapore, Japan, Canada, Estonia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. Overall, the United States had the lowest scores among all countries, and in all countries scores declined with age. The United States had higher proportions of survey participants in the lowest skill category and lower proportions in the top-skill categories. The results of this study suggest changes in the U.S. educational and lifelong learning systems, and policies may be necessary to ensure all adults have the necessary skills in a competitive workforce.

1986 UNAT Elections

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
T. M. F.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Administrative Tribunal

The United Nations Administrative Tribunal (UNAT) has elected Herbert Reis of the United States, a former Counselor at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, as its Second Vice-President for the coming year. Mr. Reis has served on the tribunal for 5 years. Samar Sen of India and Arnold Kean of the United Kingdom were elected President and First Vice-President of the tribunal, respectively.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Design for Global Competitiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. xiv-xiv
Author(s):  
Ferry Jie
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Supply Chain Design ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Chain Management

A supply chain consists of the flow of products and services from raw materials manufacturers, component and intermediate manufacturers, final product manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers. All are connected by transportation, storage activities, and integrated through information, planning, and integration activities. Many large firms are moving away from in-house Vertically Integrated structures to Supply Chain Management. Supply Chain are the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. It also includes coordination with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third party service providers, and customers. Supply chain management is the design of seamless value added processes across organization boundaries to meet the real needs of the end customer. Failure to proactively design a SC results in poor coordination of effort, incompatible information systems, long cycle times, communication problems, customer service issues, excessive waste and environmental degradation, relatively high inventories for the level of customer service achieved, and lower the optimal profit. A process map is a graphic representation of the system and contains a sequence of steps that are performed to produce some desired output. The primary goal behind process mapping is to make complex systems visible. The logistics/supply chain design and technology decision is of great strategic importance to logistics, the firm as a whole, and the supply chain. A number of factors may suggest the need to design the logistics/supply chain. A formal, structured process for design and digital tools is preferable; the potential impacts on cost and service justify a significant effort toward following a sound process. Numerous factors including technology may affect the design of a logistics and supply chain and the location of specific facilities within the context of the network.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The U.S

Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of the Greenhouse, Nursery, and Sod Sector in the United States

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Tavernier ◽  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The greenhouse, nursery, and sod (GNS) sector in the United States accounted for $10 billion in gross sales or 5% of gross farm receipts, in 1998. Despite its significant economic contributions, the sector receives little attention from policymakers. Part of the problem lies in the absence of empirical economic analysis that addresses the impact of the sector on the U.S. economy. The absence of such analysis places the sector at a disadvantage when agricultural policies are designed to address agricultural imbalances, such as farm income problems, and hinders the ability of the sector to lobby for policies favorable to GNS producers. This study provides estimates of the economic impacts of the GNS sector on the U.S. economy and quantifies the linkages between the GNS sector and other economic sectors. The results show that the sector contributed over $26 billion and $17 billion in output and value added economic activity, respectively, and over 438,000 jobs.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology identifies emergence and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Washington ◽  
Karthik Gangavarapu ◽  
Mark Zeller ◽  
Alexandre Bolze ◽  
Elizabeth T. Cirulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
The U.S

SummaryAs of January of 2021, the highly transmissible B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2, which was first identified in the United Kingdom (U.K.), has gained a strong foothold across the world. Because of the sudden and rapid rise of B.1.1.7, we investigated the prevalence and growth dynamics of this variant in the United States (U.S.), tracking it back to its early emergence and onward local transmission. We found that the RT-qPCR testing anomaly of S gene target failure (SGTF), first observed in the U.K., was a reliable proxy for B.1.1.7 detection. We sequenced 212 B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from testing facilities in the U.S. from December 2020 to January 2021. We found that while the fraction of B.1.1.7 among SGTF samples varied by state, detection of the variant increased at a logistic rate similar to those observed elsewhere, with a doubling rate of a little over a week and an increased transmission rate of 35-45%. By performing time-aware Bayesian phylodynamic analyses, we revealed several independent introductions of B.1.1.7 into the U.S. as early as late November 2020, with onward community transmission enabling the variant to spread to at least 30 states as of January 2021. Our study shows that the U.S. is on a similar trajectory as other countries where B.1.1.7 rapidly became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant, requiring immediate and decisive action to minimize COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals The Road to Song Mao: Transnational Litigation from Southeast Asia to the United Kingdom

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Mahdev Mohan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

Anxieties about the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. should not eclipse the fact that redress can, and at times should, be secured elsewhere. Amajor effect of Kiobel is to adjust the aperture of transnational corporate accountability away from the United States–which generally has been the default venue–and toward regional and foreign jurisdictions where violations occur or where responsible beneficiaries of the wrongdoings reside or conduct their businesses.

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