Relationships and Etiquette with Technical Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 1618-1633
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

This chapter focuses not on technology mediation of human relationships, but rather on human-like relationships with technology itself. The author argues, with supporting reasoning and data from his work and that of others, that humans have a natural tendency to generalize social interaction behaviors and interpretations (that is, domain-specific “etiquette”) learned for human-human interactions to interactions with any complex, semi-autonomous and partially unpredictable agent—including many machines and automation. This tendency can affect human trust, perceived workload, degree of confidence and authority, and so forth—all of which can in turn affect performance, safety, and satisfaction with a machine system. The author urges taking an “etiquette perspective” in design as a means of anticipating this phenomenon and either encouraging or discouraging it as appropriate.

Relationships and Etiquette with Technical Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

This chapter focuses not on technology mediation of human relationships, but rather on human-like relationships with technology itself. The author argues, with supporting reasoning and data from his work and that of others, that humans have a natural tendency to generalize social interaction behaviors and interpretations (that is, domain-specific “etiquette”) learned for human-human interactions to interactions with any complex, semi-autonomous and partially unpredictable agent—including many machines and automation. This tendency can affect human trust, perceived workload, degree of confidence and authority, and so forth—all of which can in turn affect performance, safety, and satisfaction with a machine system. The author urges taking an “etiquette perspective” in design as a means of anticipating this phenomenon and either encouraging or discouraging it as appropriate.

scholarly journals Relations Between Safety and Security in Technical Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Smalko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Machine System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Machine Control ◽  
The Relationship

Relations Between Safety and Security in Technical Systems The subject of this paper deals with the relationship between safety and security of the man - machine system. In the above system a man can act both as a decision - maker and operator. His desired psychophysical efficiency lies in the undertaking the correct decisions as well as in the skilful machine control and operating.

Software development for analyzing social interaction behaviors in mice using hidden Markov model

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e387
Author(s):  
Akira Tanave ◽  
Aki Takahashi ◽  
Toshiya Arakawa ◽  
Satoshi Kakihara ◽  
Shingo Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

“HOW DOES YOUR COLLAR SUIT ME?”: THE HUMAN ANIMAL IN THE RSPCA'S ANIMAL WORLD AND BAND OF MERCY

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Flegel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
Animal World ◽  
As If

There is a central contradiction in human relationships with animals: as Erica Fudge notes, “We live with animals, we recognize them, we even name some of them, but at the same time we use them as if they were inanimate, as if they were objects” (8). Such a contradiction is also, of course, present in human interactions, in which power relations allow for the objectification of one human being by another. In an analysis of images and texts produced by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in the nineteenth-century, I want to examine the overlap in representations of animals and humans as subject to objectification and control. One common way of critiquing human treatment of animals within the RSPCA's journals, Animal World and Band of Mercy, was to have humans trade places with animals: having boys fantastically shrunk to the size of the animals they tortured, for example, or imagining the horrors of vivisection when experienced by humans. Such imaginative exercises were meant to defamiliarize animal usage by implying a shared experience of suffering: what was wrong for a human was clearly just as wrong for an animal. However, I argue that some of the images employed by the society suggest the opposite; instead of constructing animal cruelty in a new light, these images instead work to underline the shared proximity of particular humans with animals. In texts that focus specifically upon humans wearing animal bonds – reins, collars, and muzzles – the RSPCA's anti-cruelty discourse both critiqued the tools of bondage and, I suggest, invited the audience to see deep connections between animals and the humans taking their place. Such connections ultimately weaken the force of the animal/human reversal as an animal rights strategy, suggesting as they do that humans themselves often have use value in economies of labor, affect, and are subject to the same power relations that produce an animal as “animal.”

scholarly journals Developmental Differences in the Control of Action Selection by Social Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2080-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iroise Dumontheil ◽  
Hauke Hillebrandt ◽  
Ian A. Apperly ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Symbolic Information ◽  
Symbolic Cues

Our everyday actions are often performed in the context of a social interaction. We previously showed that, in adults, selecting an action on the basis of either social or symbolic cues was associated with activations in the fronto-parietal cognitive control network, whereas the presence and use of social versus symbolic cues was in addition associated with activations in the temporal and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) social brain network. Here we investigated developmental changes in these two networks. Fourteen adults (21–30 years of age) and 14 adolescents (11–16 years) followed instructions to move objects in a set of shelves. Interpretation of the instructions was conditional on the point of view of a visible “director” or the meaning of a symbolic cue (Director Present vs. Director Absent) and the number of potential referent objects in the shelves (3-object vs. 1-object). 3-object trials elicited increased fronto-parietal and temporal activations, with greater left lateral prefrontal cortex and parietal activations in adults than adolescents. Social versus symbolic information led to activations in superior dorsal MPFC, precuneus, and along the superior/middle temporal sulci. Both dorsal MPFC and left temporal clusters exhibited a Director × Object interaction, with greater activation when participants needed to consider the directors' viewpoints. This effect differed with age in dorsal MPFC. Adolescents showed greater activation whenever social information was present, whereas adults showed greater activation only when the directors' viewpoints were relevant to task performance. This study thus shows developmental differences in domain-general and domain-specific PFC activations associated with action selection in a social interaction context.

scholarly journals Our place: Public + private balance in a state housing community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Niamh Cahill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Communal Living ◽  
Housing Complex ◽  
Council Housing

<p>Government owned housing in New Zealand is moving towards a model of privatisation. This can limit the opportunities found in the semi-public space for neighbours to meet and interact. Without these human interactions, a housing complex loses that which makes it a community. By restructuring the site to facilitate social interaction, this thesis aims to focus the space between buildings towards communal living, through an exploration of the public private interface in council housing complex, Arlington Apartments, in Wellington, New Zealand. This project will develop the balance in which residents can share space with their neighbours, by re-zoning current ambiguous space to be communal to a smaller group, in order to give tenants an opportunity to appropriate their living environment.</p>

scholarly journals Metacognition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Proust
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Judgment ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Metacognitive Control ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Paul Grice ◽  
Mental Actions

It has often been claimed that metacognition should be defined as "cognition about one’s own cognition," "knowledge about one’s own knowledge," or "thinking about one’s own thinking" (Carruthers 2011; Nelson and Narens 1992; Perner 2012). These formulations, however, are now often seen as unduly restricting the scope of metacognition to a form of reflective judgment. There is evidence that agents with no concept of perception or knowledge, such as monkeys and young children, are nevertheless able to assess when they can confidently engage in a task (such as finding an object, discriminating visual patterns, or recognizing whether an item was already presented) (Hampton 2009). On an alternative definition, then, metacognition is the ability to evaluate whether one is likely to achieve a specific cognitive goal or to have successfully achieved it. These evaluations jointly contribute to the control of one’s actions. They allow agents to select contextually efficient cognitive actions, such as trying or not trying to remember the location of an object, and to decide whether or not to rely on a specific cognitive output to act on the world. In both cases, on this broader definition, agents may rely either on the degree of confidence that they experience (a noetic feeling), or on what they judge to be the case given their background beliefs and concept-based predictions (Arango-Muñoz 2011; Koriat and Levy-Sadot 1999; Proust 2007, 2013, 2015a). Metacognition so conceived is distributed in domain-specific abilities and involved in the regulation of mental actions, the distribution of resources between rival processes, and the regulation of one’s own emotions. Inter-agent metacognitive control is also exemplified in the pragmatic principles of conversation first explored by Paul Grice and in collective forms of epistemic investigation and decision-making (such as in scientific research).

scholarly journals Functional specialization within the inferior parietal lobes across cognitive domains

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Numssen ◽  
Danilo Bzdok ◽  
Gesa Hartwigsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Task Specificity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

The inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is a key neural substrate underlying diverse mental processes, from basic attention to language and social cognition, that define human interactions. Its putative domain-global role appears to tie into poorly understood differences between cognitive domains in both hemispheres. Across attentional, semantic, and social cognitive tasks, our study explored functional specialization within the IPL. The task specificity of IPL subregion activity was substantiated by distinct predictive signatures identified by multivariate pattern-learning algorithms. Moreover, the left and right IPL exerted domain-specific modulation of effective connectivity among their subregions. Task-evoked functional interactions of the anterior and posterior IPL subregions involved recruitment of distributed cortical partners. While anterior IPL subregions were engaged in strongly lateralized coupling links, both posterior subregions showed more symmetric coupling patterns across hemispheres. Our collective results shed light on how under-appreciated functional specialization in the IPL supports some of the most distinctive human mental capacities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document