Social Network, Information Flow and Decision-Making Efficiency

2011 ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Sueur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Decision Speed

Every day, millions of humans make decisions about issues of interest for the group they represent. Equivalent processes have already been well described for animal societies. Many animal species live in groups and have to take collective decisions to synchronize their activities. However, group members not only have to take decisions satisfying the majority of individuals (i.e. decision accuracy) but also have a relatively short period to do so (i.e. decision speed). In decision-making, speed and accuracy are often opposed. The decision efficiency will vary according to the way individuals are inter-connected, namely according to the social network. However, the traditional approach used in management and decision sciences has been revealed to be insufficient to fully explain decision-making efficiency. This chapter addresses the question of how social network may enhance collective decision-making by increasing both the accuracy and the speed of decisions. Studies within different animal species are discussed. These studies include human beings, and combine field experiments, social network analysis, and modelling to illustrate how the study of animals may contribute to our understanding of decision-making in humans.

Grassroots Involvement in Interest Group Decision Making

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE L. DAY
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Direct Mail ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Organizational Democracy ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Network Organizations ◽  
Group Members

Interest groups' increased use of centrally managed mass communications technologies has reduced opportunities for social networking among group members. This study examines the relationship between organizational democracy, or rank-and-file participation in decision making, and two indicators of social network opportunities: existence of local chapters and extent of direct-mail usage. Control variables include membership incentives, organizational resources, group age and size, and competition with other groups for members. Multivariate analyses of two interest group survey data sets, using ordinal logit, indicate that social network organizations are no more likely to involve their members in decision making than are centralized direct-mail organizations. The variables that are significantly related to grassroots involvement in organizational decision making include purposive and solidary membership incentives as well as some organizational resources, size, and age. Implications for further study of organizational democracy are discussed.

scholarly journals Do we need a second engine for Entrepreneurship? How well defined is intrapreneurship to handle challenges during COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kiziloglu ◽  
Samrat Ray
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
National Level ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economics Of Scale ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Innovative Thinking

Changing domains of economic mobility has brought in perspectives of innovation which are quite different from the earlier traditions in the so-called readings of Schumpeterian ways of innovative thinking. The new pandemic has taught us lessons that multidisciplinary innovation is not constrained to some mystical black box of innovation but should be elastic and accessible based on necessity and choices. Human beings are not always rational. Cognitive biases and nudges arising out of crisis globally has shown behavioral functionalities which changes the way human beings react and succumb to decision-making. This particular paper is based on extensive literature reviews and global cases arising out of extregencies and the subsequent development of field experiments which study the effects of various factors on innovation within the company. The filed experiments conducted were at national level in cooperation with national chamber of commerce wherein both intrinsic and extrinsic values of economics of scale was studied statistically using advanced techniques to not only analyze the results but infer on earlier research gaps in factors influencing the innovation blackbox of intrapreneurship which takes into account the psychology of economic decision making inside the corporate bandwagon. The rational choice behind measuring intrapreneurship in this study is impactful for learning the trends of human actions and behavior in a firm, which can be a yardstick for future academicians and policymakers to implement directly for aggravating the incubation indices.

scholarly journals From the first intention movement to the last joiner: macaques combine mimetic rules to optimize their collective decisions

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1712) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sueur ◽  
J. L. Deneubourg ◽  
O. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complete Proof ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Collective Movements ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Almost All

Mechanisms related to collective decision making have recently been found in almost all animal reigns from amoebae to worms, insects and vertebrates, including human beings. Decision-making mechanisms related to collective movements—including pre-departure and joining—have already been studied at different steps of the movement process, but these studies were always carried out separately. We therefore have no understanding of how these different processes are related when they underlie the same collective decision-making event. Here, we consider the whole departure process of two groups of Tonkean macaques ( Macaca tonkeana ), using a stochastic model. When several exclusive choices are proposed, macaques vote and choose the majority. Individuals then join the movement according to a mimetism based on affiliative relationships. The pre-departure quorum and the joining mimetic mechanism are probably linked, but we have not yet identified which transition mechanism is used. This study shows that decision-making related to macaque group movements is governed by a quorum rule combined with a selective mimetism at departure. This is the first time that transition mechanisms have been described in mammals, which consequently helps understand how a voting process leads to social amplification. Our study also provides the first complete proof that there is continuity in the decision-making processes underlying collective movements in mammals from the first intention movement right through to the last joiner.

scholarly journals Nudgitize me! A behavioral Finance Approach to minimize losses and maximize profits from Heuristics and Biases

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1241-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Puaschunder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rational Choices

Behavioral Finance is one of the most novel developments in Behavioral Economics. Since the end of the 1970ies a wide range of psychological, economic and sociological laboratory and field experiments proved human beings deviating from rational choices. Standard neoclassical profit maximization axioms were outlined to fail to explain how human actually behave. Human beings were rather found to use heuristics in the day-to-day decision making. These mental short cuts enable to cope with information overload in a complex world. Behavioral economists proposed to nudge and wink citizens to make better choices for themwith many different applications in very many different domains. This paper reviews and proposes how to use mental heuristics, biases and nudges in the finance domain to profit from markets.

Prophetic Leadership Model: Conceptualizing a Prophet’s Leadership Behaviour, Leader-Follower Mutuality and Altruism to Decision Making Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Current Leadership

This article advocates that research is lacking on the connection between leadership theory and social network theory. To date, little empirical research has been conducted on leadership and social networks. Thus, the proposition of this article goes beyond traditional leadership models to advocate for a fuller and more integrative focus that is multilevel, multi-component and interdisciplinary, while recognizing that leadership is a complex function of both the organisational leaders and the followers who perform tasks, all of which subsequently leads to decision making qualities. Indeed, the current leadership model focuses on leadership behaviour and the ability to gain followers mutuality, to achieve decision making quality involving the integration of leadership and social network theories. Given the apparent mutable palette of contemporary leadership theory, this emergent construct of the leadership paradigm can expand the poles of the leadership continuum and contribute to a richer and deeper understanding of the relationships and responsibilities of leaders and followers as they relate to decision making qualities. This new construct, which is termed prophetic leadership, explores the literature of the life experiences of the prophet in the ‘Abrahamic Faith’ religion. Drawing on a priori links between the personality trait and spiritual leadership that has recently garnered the interest of scholars, the present study asserts a normative leadership theory that links the personal quality of a leader, posture and principal (based on the Prophet’s leadership behaviour) to synergy and decision making quality. Altruism is proposed to enhance relationships between leadership behaviour and decision making quality. For future research, much work needs to be done specifically aiming to (a) achieve greater clarity of construct definitions, (b) address measurement issues, and (c) avoid construct redundancy.

Prophetic Leadership Model: Conceptualizing a Prophet’s Leadership Behaviour, Leader-Follower Mutuality and Altruism to Decision Making Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Network ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Current Leadership

This article advocates that research is lacking on the connection between leadership theory and social network theory. To date, little empirical research has been conducted on leadership and social networks. Thus, the proposition of this article goes beyond traditional leadership models to advocate for a fuller and more integrative focus that is multilevel, multi-component and interdisciplinary, while recognizing that leadership is a complex function of both the organisational leaders and the followers who perform tasks, all of which subsequently leads to decision making qualities. Indeed, the current leadership model focuses on leadership behaviour and the ability to gain followers mutuality, to achieve decision making quality involving the integration of leadership and social network theories. Given the apparent mutable palette of contemporary leadership theory, this emergent construct of the leadership paradigm can expand the poles of the leadership continuum and contribute to a richer and deeper understanding of the relationships and responsibilities of leaders and followers as they relate to decision making qualities. This new construct, which is termed prophetic leadership, explores the literature of the life experiences of the prophet in the ‘Abrahamic Faith’ religion. Drawing on a priori links between the personality trait and spiritual leadership that has recently garnered the interest of scholars, the present study asserts a normative leadership theory that links the personal quality of a leader, posture and principal (based on the Prophet’s leadership behaviour) to synergy and decision making quality. Altruism is proposed to enhance relationships between leadership behaviour and decision making quality. For future research, much work needs to be done specifically aiming to (a) achieve greater clarity of construct definitions, (b) address measurement issues, and (c) avoid construct redundancy.

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