Constructed Wetlands

2020 ◽  
pp. 503-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Natural Treatment

Constructed Wetlands are an alternative, promising technology for water/wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation. They belong to the wider category of natural treatment systems. The main principle is to exploit natural materials (gravel, sand, plants) and naturally occurring processes under controlled conditions for treatment purposes. Constructed Wetlands have been characterized as an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology which provides multiple economic, ecological, technical and societal benefits. It is a rising technology which can be effectively used for domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as also for sludge dewatering and drying. This chapter presents an overview of this eco-technology; its different types, main design considerations and various advantages over conventional treatment methods.

Constructed Wetlands

2015 ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Natural Treatment

Constructed Wetlands are an alternative, promising technology for water/wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation. They belong to the wider category of natural treatment systems. The main principle is to exploit natural materials (gravel, sand, plants) and naturally occurring processes under controlled conditions for treatment purposes. Constructed Wetlands have been characterized as an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology which provides multiple economic, ecological, technical and societal benefits. It is a rising technology which can be effectively used for domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as also for sludge dewatering and drying. This chapter presents an overview of this eco-technology; its different types, main design considerations and various advantages over conventional treatment methods.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of managed aquifer recharge versus constructed wetlands in managing chemical and microbial risks during wastewater reuse: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hamadeh ◽  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
G. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Constructed wetlands (CWs) and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) represent commonly used natural treatment systems for reclamation and reuse of wastewater. However, each of these technologies have some limitations with respect to removal of different contaminants. Combining these two technologies into a hybrid CW-MAR system will lead to synergy in terms of both water quality and costs. This promising technology will help in the reduction of bacteria and viruses, trace and heavy metals, organic micropollutants, and nutrients. Use of subsurface flow CWs as pre-treatment for MAR has multiple benefits: (i) it creates a barrier for different microbial and chemical pollutants, (ii) it reduces the residence time for water recovery, and (iii) it avoids clogging during MAR as CWs can remove suspended solids and enhance the reclaimed water quality. This paper analyzes the removal of different contaminants by CW and MAR systems based on a literature review. It is expected that a combination of these natural treatment systems (CWs and MAR) could become an attractive, efficient and cost-effective technology for water reclamation and reuse.

scholarly journals Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Dibesh Shrestha ◽  
Shovana Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Micro Organisms

Due to population explosion, rapid industrialization and urbanization, Nepal's limited source of water is polluted (especially in the Kathmandu Valley). The quality of water is vital concern, as it is directly linked with human welfare. The water that we use for our survival should be potable, clean, and free of impurities. To mitigate the problem of water pollution, low-cost natural treatment options like Constructed Wetlands (CW) and the related Reed Bed Treatment System (RBT) have been introduced in Nepal in several places like hospitals, universities and other institutions, and as community systems. The plant species Phragmites karka is used in this process. It, and other associated micro organisms removes contaminates from wastewater using a natural process. Compared to other large and expensive technologies, CW and RBT require less land and are less expensive for construction, operation and maintenance. Hence, they can be considered as effective, economic and environmentally friendly and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment.Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Constructed Wetlands (CW); Reed Bed Treatment (RBT); NepalDOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2486Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:42-45 

scholarly journals Investigating the working efficiency of natural wastewater treatment systems: A step towards sustainable systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdas Pinninti ◽  
Venkatesh Kasi ◽  
Sankar Rao Landa ◽  
Maheswaran Rathinasamy ◽  
Chandramouli Sangamreddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Working Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Globally, wastewater is a vital resource and requires appropriate treatment management strategies. Wastewater has become a major source of irrigation in the peri-urban areas of developing nations. With the increasing amount of wastewater generation, there are several complications in using treatment systems in terms of installation, operation and maintenance, and size in developing countries. Recently, natural treatment systems are gaining popularity due to less cost and maintenance and have been preferred in peri-urban settings. In this study, the working efficiency of the natural systems was assessed from case studies from Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. The nutrient (Phosphorous and Nitrogen content) and organic matter removal efficiency of four natural treatment systems (NTS) having different operation maintenance and loading rates were investigated. The study showed that natural treatment systems have good potential for peri-urban wastewater treatment. It was also observed that waste-stabilization based system perform better than those based on duckweed and hyacinth plants. Regularly maintained and operated systems show removal efficiency on the order of 80% for organic and nutrients and performed better than others. The study indicates that decentralized, adequately maintained Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) offer a viable, self-sustaining and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment to supply irrigation water in rural areas.

scholarly journals Performance Efficiency of Conventional Treatment Plants and Constructed Wetlands towards Reduction of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Moushumi Hazra ◽  
Lisa M. Durso
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Entry Points

Domestic and industrial wastewater discharges harbor rich bacterial communities, including both pathogenic and commensal organisms that are antibiotic-resistant (AR). AR pathogens pose a potential threat to human and animal health. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), bacteria encounter environments suitable for horizontal gene transfer, providing an opportunity for bacterial cells to acquire new antibiotic-resistant genes. With many entry points to environmental components, especially water and soil, WWTPs are considered a critical control point for antibiotic resistance. The primary and secondary units of conventional WWTPs are not designed for the reduction of resistant microbes. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are viable wastewater treatment options with the potential for mitigating AR bacteria, their genes, pathogens, and general pollutants. Encouraging performance for the removal of AR (2–4 logs) has highlighted the applicability of CW on fields. Their low cost of construction, operation and maintenance makes them well suited for applications across the globe, especially in developing and low-income countries. The present review highlights a better understanding of the performance efficiency of conventional treatment plants and CWs for the elimination/reduction of AR from wastewater. They are viable alternatives that can be used for secondary/tertiary treatment or effluent polishing in combination with WWTP or in a decentralized manner.

Wastewater treatment and biomass production by slow rate systems using different plant species

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Tzanakakis ◽  
N.V. Paranychianakis ◽  
S. Kyritsis ◽  
A.N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Natural Treatment

Natural treatment systems especially those based on land treatment, remain the only viable choice for wastewater treatment and reuse in small rural communities. In order to develop the appropriate technology required a slow rate (SR) systems were established at Skalani, a small village close to Iracklio, Greece. The SR systems were planted with four plant species eucalyptus, acacia, poplars and reeds to evaluate their effects on wastewater treatment and produced biomass. Systems performance were evaluated by monitoring BOD, COD, TSS, TKN, NH3-N, NO3-N, FC, and TC in soil solution and soil samples taken from the 15, 30 and 60 cm of the soil depth. The SR systems, displayed a good performance as regards COD BOD, TKN, NH3-N and bacteria removal (TC and FC). However, relatively increased values of NO3 were detected in 60 cm. In terms of plant species used, there were no significant differences in treatment efficiency among the four SR systems. Although, significant differences were observed in biomass production with acacia trees producing the greatest amount of biomass followed by reeds, while the lowest one produced by eucalyptous and poplar trees.

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