scholarly journals Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Dibesh Shrestha ◽  
Shovana Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Micro Organisms

Due to population explosion, rapid industrialization and urbanization, Nepal's limited source of water is polluted (especially in the Kathmandu Valley). The quality of water is vital concern, as it is directly linked with human welfare. The water that we use for our survival should be potable, clean, and free of impurities. To mitigate the problem of water pollution, low-cost natural treatment options like Constructed Wetlands (CW) and the related Reed Bed Treatment System (RBT) have been introduced in Nepal in several places like hospitals, universities and other institutions, and as community systems. The plant species Phragmites karka is used in this process. It, and other associated micro organisms removes contaminates from wastewater using a natural process. Compared to other large and expensive technologies, CW and RBT require less land and are less expensive for construction, operation and maintenance. Hence, they can be considered as effective, economic and environmentally friendly and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment.Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Constructed Wetlands (CW); Reed Bed Treatment (RBT); NepalDOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2486Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:42-45 

Adapting to socioeconomic, operational and environmental challenges of dairy farm effluent purification in Uruguay through the use of surface flow constructed wetlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Avellán ◽  
D. P. L. Rousseau ◽  
P. N. L. Lens
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Effluent Purification ◽  
Small Catchment

The 3600 dairy farms in south-western Uruguay, with about 750,000 cows in 2008, play an important economic role. Only about 200 of the farms have a sewage treatment system, since no legal regulations for the disposal of effluents exist, the cost of construction is high and neither direct benefits nor incentives are given. The current systems are mainly lagoons that often lack maintenance, resulting in the eutrophication of rivers. One of our goals was to implement a low cost, robust surface flow constructed wetland using native plants, in order to test the acceptance and willingness to pay of the farmers and to see if the effluent water quality met the national standards even if operating under the lack of maintenance. Within a small catchment, 6 farmers attended a seminar series on water(shed) quality, importance of wetlands and sewage treatment options, explaining the functioning of constructed wetlands and the costs of construction. One of the farmers decided to construct a double lagoon system followed by a surface flow CW using Scirpus americanus. However, construction of the ponds occurred by the farmer himself resulting in inadequate dimensioning. The exceptionally dry summer 2008/2009 also delayed planting but by now plants have established themselves and other emergent macrophytes have followed. So far visual water quality as well as biodiversity has improved. Furthermore, farmers and technicians have become interested in the use of CW and other implementations are envisioned. Also, the legislation on dairy farm effluent is about to change which will boost the necessity for all kinds of sewage systems.

Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Removal of Nutrients

2020 ◽  
pp. 559-587
Author(s):  
David de la Varga ◽  
Manuel Soto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arias ◽  
Dion van Oirschot ◽  
Rene Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are low-cost and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment. Traditionally they have been used for urban and domestic wastewater treatment, but in the last two decades, the applications for industrial wastewater treatment increased due to the evolution of the technology and the extended research on the field. Nowadays, CWs have been applied to the treatment of different kind of wastewaters as such as refinery and petrochemical industry effluents, food industry effluents including abattoir, dairy, meat, fruit and vegetables processing industries, distillery and winery effluents, pulp and paper, textile, tannery, aquaculture, steel and mixed industrial effluents. In this chapter, the authors present the main types of CWs, explain how they work and the expected performances, and describe the principal applications of CWs for industrial wastewater treatment with particular attention to suspended solids, organic matter and nutrient removal. A review of these applications as well as some case studies will be discussed.

Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Azaizeh ◽  
K. G. Linden ◽  
C. Barstow ◽  
S. Kalbouneh ◽  
A. Tellawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (∼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.

Parasite removal by natural wastewater treatment systems: performance of waste stabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stott ◽  
E. May ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Parasite removal and low cost systems for wastewater treatment have become increasingly important requirements in developed and developing countries to safeguard public health from wastewater-associated intestinal diseases. Pilot and field-scale ponds and wetlands in Brazil and Egypt have been investigated for the fate and removal of eggs of human intestinal parasites from domestic wastewater. In northeast Brazil, parasite removal was investigated for a series of five waste stabilisation ponds treating raw wastewater. In Egypt, parasite removal was studied for Gravel Bed Hydroponic constructed wetlands treating partially treated wastewater. Influents to ponds and wetlands contained a variety of parasite helminth eggs (e.g. Ascaris, hookworm, Trichuris, and Hymenolepis spp.). The ponds consistently removed parasite eggs though rate of removal by individual ponds may have been related to influent egg numbers and extent of short-circuiting. Parasite eggs were reduced on average by 94% and 99.9% in the anaerobic and facultative ponds respectively. No eggs were found in effluent from the second maturation pond. In the wetland system, parasite removal varied with reedbed length. The majority of parasite eggs were retained within the first 25 m. Parasite eggs were reduced on average by 98% after treatment in 50 m beds and completely removed after treatment in 100 m beds.

scholarly journals Potential of Typha latifolia L. for phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters in laboratory-scale constructed microcosm conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maibam Dhanaraj Meitei ◽  
Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Contaminated Waters

AbstractThe present study gave a preliminary report on the phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters and aggravation of iron uptake by copper supplementation using Typha latifolia L. in constructed microcosms. During the experiment, Fe concentrations reduced up to 1.67 ± 0.076 mg L−1 (94.43% removal efficiency) and 0.087 ± 0.013 mg L−1 (97.10% removal efficiency) by 14th day from the initial concentrations of 30 mg L−1 in the microcosm setups. Iron accumulation in the plant tissues was 2425.65 ± 41.01 mg kg−1 (Fe with Cu) compared with 1446.00 ± 36.01 mg kg−1 (without Cu), revealing that Cu addition in the microcosm setup magnifies Fe accumulation and removal. Thus, the results signify that constructed wetlands (CW) can serve as the low-cost, ecofriendly alternative for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Wetlands, constructed wetlands and theirs role in wastewater treatment with principles and examples of using it in Serbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikolic ◽  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Slobodan Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Point Pollution

Wetlands protection programs, as a relative new approach in surface water and ground-water protection The types of Wetlands, theirs mechanism of removal nutrients and other pollutants from water are shown in this work paper. Wetland restoration, the renewal of natural and historical wetlands that have been lost or degraded, is a growing activity. Constructed wetlands, as treatment systems that use natural processes, are very adequate and highly efficient, low cost way in wastewater treatment for small communities, point pollution sources, depending, of course on conditions and adequate land spaces near those places. Some examples from Serbia of this way and approach are shown.

Assembly of a Wetland on a Laboratory Scale for Post-Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Jade R. Mourão ◽  
Raquel Freitas ◽  
Geraldo Dragoni Sobrinho ◽  
Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro ◽  
Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Water is present in many routine activities performed by man. However, these activities have been generating wastewater who require treatment before being cast into water bodies. The constructed wetlands are alternative wastewater treatment low cost of construction and maintenance, therefore do not require electricity and chemical application. Perform well in the removal of polluting effluent load and have advantages of being aesthetically pleasing due to the presence of aquatic plants. This work presents a proposal to mount a wetland constructed for the post-treatment of domestic wastewater in laboratory scale subsurface flow and intermittent, macrophyte was used mini papyrus (Cyperus isocladus) and substate fragments ceramic tiles.

Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Removal of Nutrients

2017 ◽  
pp. 202-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
David de la Varga ◽  
Manuel Soto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arias ◽  
Dion van Oirschot ◽  
Rene Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are low-cost and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment. Traditionally they have been used for urban and domestic wastewater treatment, but in the last two decades, the applications for industrial wastewater treatment increased due to the evolution of the technology and the extended research on the field. Nowadays, CWs have been applied to the treatment of different kind of wastewaters as such as refinery and petrochemical industry effluents, food industry effluents including abattoir, dairy, meat, fruit and vegetables processing industries, distillery and winery effluents, pulp and paper, textile, tannery, aquaculture, steel and mixed industrial effluents. In this chapter, the authors present the main types of CWs, explain how they work and the expected performances, and describe the principal applications of CWs for industrial wastewater treatment with particular attention to suspended solids, organic matter and nutrient removal. A review of these applications as well as some case studies will be discussed.

scholarly journals Horizontal-flow (HF) constructed wetlands for winery wastewater treatment: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Yuhan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Winery Wastewater

The winery wastewater starts to become a threaten to environment and ecosystem. Because constructed wetland has advantages of low cost, low maintaining fee and energy saving, there are more researchers use this technology to purify the winery wastewater. In this article, the horizontal flow constructed wetland will be mainly focused. By using this method, the N, P, organic matter, and other pollutants will be efficiently removed and reused in other phase, such like agricultural activities. The constructed wetland can also supply itself. By transfer the nutrition matter from wastewater and support its’ own plants’ energy.

Constructed Wetlands

2015 ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Natural Treatment

Constructed Wetlands are an alternative, promising technology for water/wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation. They belong to the wider category of natural treatment systems. The main principle is to exploit natural materials (gravel, sand, plants) and naturally occurring processes under controlled conditions for treatment purposes. Constructed Wetlands have been characterized as an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology which provides multiple economic, ecological, technical and societal benefits. It is a rising technology which can be effectively used for domestic, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as also for sludge dewatering and drying. This chapter presents an overview of this eco-technology; its different types, main design considerations and various advantages over conventional treatment methods.

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