Corrosion Resistance Methods for Stainless Steel

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Sudesna Roy ◽  
Pramod kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Austenitic Structure ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Structural Applications

304 grade stainless steel is known to be important in most structural applications due to its high mechanical strength, hardness, and machinability. It is considered a versatile steel that has good formability, can be welded as it is, and is non-magnetic austenitic structure. The corrosion resistance is also excellent at room temperature for most corrosive acids and alkalis. However, its corrosion resistance decreases at higher temperatures when exposed to water for prolonged periods of time. It is sensitive to pitting, crevice and stress corrosion cracking at elevated temperatures. In some cases, the resistance is improved by addition of corrosion inhibitor that negatively affects its formability and welding advantages. Therefore, other methods of corrosion protection are desired. This chapter provides in-depth review of corrosion protections materials and methods that have been used for protecting 304SS in different specific applications. It also provides systemic analysis of the potentiodynamic polarization method to compare the corrosion potential of different materials.

Influence of Alloying Elements on the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. LOGINOW ◽  
J. F. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Magnesium Chloride Solution ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract In certain applications, stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels has occurred when these steels are subjected to tension stresses (residual and applied) and are exposed to hot chloride solutions. Although stress corrosion cracking can be prevented by treatments to relieve residual stresses and by control of the environment, such procedures are expensive and not always reliable. An extensive study was therefore undertaken to develop a steel that would-be inherently resistant to stress corrosion cracking. The results of the study, conducted on stressed specimens of experimental steels immersed in a boiling 42% magnesium chloride solution, showed that carbon and nickel improved the stress corrosion resistance of annealed steels, and? nickel and silicon increased the resistance of cold-worked steels. It was also found that nitrogen decreased the resistance of annealed steels whereas phosphorus and molybdenum decreased the resistance of cold-worked steels. Manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, and aluminum had little or no effect on stress corrosion resistance. This study resulted in the formulation of a steel composition containing 18% chromium, 18% nickel, 2% silicon, and 0.06% carbon, with low phosphorus and molybdenum contents. This steel was melted in an electric furnace; and1 its, stress corrosion, corrosion, and mechanical properties were determined. Test results show that the new steel (called USS 18-18-2 stainless steel) is much more resistant to stress; corrosion cracking than currently available austenitic stainless steels. Furthermore, the resistance of this steel is better than that of a 20% chromium, 34% nickel alloy that is being marketed; for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

SANDVIK SAF 2507

Alloy Digest ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract SANDVIK SAF 2507 is a duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel. It combines high mechanical strength with excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, pitting and crevice attack. Its general corrosion resistance is also excellent. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-526. Producer or source: Sandvik.

Grain Boundary Segregation and Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
E.A. Kenik ◽  
J.T. Busby ◽  
M.K. Miller ◽  
A.M. Thuvander ◽  
G. Was
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Boundary Segregation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Radiation Induced

Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of irradiated austenitic stainless steels has been attributed to both microchemical (radiation-induced segregation (RIS)) and microstructural (radiation hardening) effects. The flux of radiation-induced point defects to grain boundaries results in the depletion of Cr and Mo and the enrichment of Ni, Si, and P at the boundaries. Similar to the association of stress corrosion cracking with the depletion of Cr and Mo in thermally sensitized stainless steels, IASCC is attributed in part to similar depletion by RIS. However, in specific heats of irradiated stainless steel, “W-shaped” Cr profiles have been observed with localized enrichment of Cr, Mo and P at grain boundaries. It has been show that such profiles arise from pre-existing segregation associated with intermediate rate cooling from elevated temperatures. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the pre-existing segregation has not been identified.Two commercial heats of stainless steel (304CP and 316CP) were forced air cooled from elevated temperatures (∽1100°C) to produce pre-existing segregation.

The Effect of Environmental and Mechanical Variables on Stress Corrosion Cracking of a Martensitic Stainless Steel for Transmutation Applications

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramprashad Prabhakaran ◽  
Ajit K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Electrode Polarization

Extensive work has been performed on Type 422 stainless steel (SS), to characterize environment-induced degradations in aqueous environments of different pH values at ambient and elevated temperatures. The test material was thermally treated prior to the evaluation of stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) behavior by slow-strain-rate (SSR) and constant-load (CL) testing techniques, using smooth and notched tensile specimens. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) testing was performed to evaluate localized corrosion behavior using a three-electrode polarization technique in similar environments. Fractographic and metallographic evaluations of broken specimens were also performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Organizational Evolution on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of the Cr-Co-Ni-Mo Series of Ultra-High Strength Stainless Steel

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Shuai Tian ◽  
Zhenbao Liu ◽  
Renli Fu ◽  
Chaofang Dong ◽  
Xiaohui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Organizational Evolution ◽  
Austenite Content

Different microstructures were obtained under various thermal conditions by adjusting the heat treatment parameters of the Cr-Co-Ni-Mo series of ultra-high strength stainless steel. The effect of organizational evolution on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the Cr-Co-Ni-Mo series of ultra-high strength stainless steel was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other test methods in combination with slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRTs). The results show that the Mo- and Cr-rich clusters and precipitation of the Laves phase reduce the corrosion resistance, while increasing the austenite content can improve the corrosion resistance. The Cr-Co-Ni-Mo series of ultra-high strength stainless steel has a high SCC resistance after quenching at 1080 °C and undergoing deep cooling (DC) treatment at −73 °C. With increasing holding time, the strength of the underaged and peak-aged specimens increases, but the passivation and SCC resistance decreases. At the overaged temperature, the specimen has good SCC resistance after a short holding time, which is attributed to its higher austenite content and lower dislocation density. As a stable hydrogen trap in steel, austenite effectively improves the SCC resistance of steel. However, under the coupled action of hydrogen and stress, martensitic transformation occurs due to the decrease in the lamination energy of austenite, and the weak martensitic interface becomes the preferred location for crack initiation and propagation.

Properties of Duplex Stainless Steel Surface Layers after Burnishing Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Jerzy Łabanowski ◽  
A. Ossowska
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Test Technique

This paper investigates stress corrosion cracking resistance of cold worked layers of 25 Cr duplex stainless steel grade UR52N+. The surface layers were processed through burnishing treatment. The residual stresses at surface layers were determined using grazing angle incidence X-ray diffraction method (g-sin2 Ψ). Corrosion tests were performed with the use of Slow Strain Rate Test technique in boiling 35% MgCl2 solution. It has been demonstrated that burnishing treatment increases corrosion resistance of the steel. Stress corrosion cracking resistance depends on the magnitude of cold work at surface layers. High level of cold work diminishes corrosion resistance.

AMBRONZE 413

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Tin Bronze

Abstract AMBRONZE 413 is a copper-tin bronze recommended for plater's plates and electrical contact springs. It is relatively immune to stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-201. Producer or source: Anaconda American Brass Company.

NICROFER 5716 HMoW

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Pitting

Abstract NICROFER 5716 HMoW is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with tungsten and extremely low carbon and silicon contents. It has excellent resistance to crevice corrosion, pitting and stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-324. Producer or source: Vereingte Deutsche Metallwerke AG.

NAS 825

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

Abstract NAS 825 is a corrosion-resistant nickel alloy that has resistance to both oxidizing and reducing environments, and with 42% nickel, the alloy is very resistant to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-694. Producer or source: Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company Ltd.

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