Crowdfunding Platforms Dynamics

Author(s):  
Amaya Erro-Garcés ◽  
Begoña Urien

This chapter compares two national crowdfunding markets based on their platforms and regulatory legislation on crowdfunding. Spain and France were selected though a cluster analysis since both differ on those characteristics. Mean comparison tests were carried out to estimate differences. Data were based on a survey specifically designed and conducted for this research. While crowdfunding is an internet-powered activity with global accessibility, national boundaries and geographic proximity play a significant role in shaping the performance of crowdfunding platforms. Regarding practical implications, as each country developed its specific legislation, it is concluded that this legislation may boost or hinder the growth of crowdfunding. On the other hand, the different way platforms managed their business does not affect their outcomes in terms of number of projects and funds raised. As a result, although platforms are indispensable as an intermediate agent between funders and investors, they determine neither the number of projects hosted nor the funds raised.

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Mohd A’Tarahim Mohd Razali Bin Mohd Razali ◽  
Mohd Yakub @ Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff Bin Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Nor Hafizi Yusof Bin Yusof ◽  
Siti Fatimah Salleh Binti Salleh ◽  
Mohd Faiz Hakimi Mat Deris Bin Mat Deris ◽  
...  

The aim of this study is to explore the importance of Qira’at Mutawatirah as a discipline particularly in the field of fiqh (jurisprudence). As a field of study, Qiraat (Quranic reading) plays a significant role in Islamic Fiqh by way of shaping the opinions and views of the fuqaha’ (jurists). Nevertheless, some fuqaha’ are less familiar with Qiraat as a study which has thus led to some confusion and ambiguity on the matter. It was even suggested that the differences of fiqh found within the madzhabs (sects) are based on the fuqaha’s own Qiraat. Thus this paper is a discussion on the differences of wajh Qiraat within the farsh letters as found among the Qiraat scholars. This paper also analyses the relationship and influence of the Qiraat readings among the fuqaha when it comes to deriving a hukm (principle), particularly on fiqh ibadah (the laws of worship). As such, this significant study sheds light into the approach used by the fuqaha’ when it comes to extracting and deriving laws and principles based on the different Qiraat readings. The objectives of this study are to investigate the extent and role of Qiraat, to analyse and observe the relationship between Qiraat readings of the fuqaha and its relationship to the hukm. This study is based entirely on library research. Overall, the findings show that Qiraat is undoubtedly important; the differences in Qiraat have a major impact in the way that the various Islamic Fiqh were derived from the Qur’anic verses. Nevertheless, the chosen Qiraat readings by Fuqaha, on the other hand, do not play a major role in determining the fiqh within the various sects; instead the wajh Qiraat plays a major role within their respective sects. However, in some circumstances, the chosen Qiraat readings do sometimes become a source which a hukm is decided within their sects, and vice versa. It is hoped that this study becomes a pioneer for other researchers to conduct a more in-depth study on the sciences of Qiraat by exploring it critically within the various perspectives of the Islamic discipline. It is hoped that it can be analysed, studied, understood and implemented in the field of teaching and learning, in line with its importance within the other branches of Islamic discipline. It is hoped that as a study, it can be further expanded and remain significant to the Islamic scholars and the community at large. Keyword: Qiraat Mutawatirah, Fiqh, Qiraat, fuqaha‘   Penulisan ini bertujuan merungkai hubungan rapat Qiraat dalam disiplin ilmu Islam terutamanya ilmu Fiqh. Qiraat menjadi salah satu faktor yang dominan terutamanya dalam mencorakkan perbezaan hukum Fiqh Islami dalam kalangan Fuqaha’. Namun masih terdapat kalangan yang kurang mengetahui dan memahami hakikat kewujudan ilmu Qiraat sehingga menimbulkan kekeliruan dan kesamaran mengenainya bahkan wujudnya pendapat menyatakan bahawa hukum fiqh yang diinstibatkan dalam mazhab adalah berdasarkan daripada Qiraat yang dibaca oleh kalangan fuqaha itu sendiri. Justeru kajian ini akan menyentuh dan membincangkan perbezaan wajh qiraat yang terdapat pada farsh huruf dalam kalangan ulama Qiraat. Dalam masa yang sama, kajian ini juga akan menyingkap dan menganalisis perkaitan dan pengaruhnya terhadap pengeluaran hukum oleh kalangan Fuqaha’ terutama ayat-ayat al-Quran yang melibatkan fiqh ibadat. Kajian ini penting demi memahami keadaan sebenar bagaimana kalangan Fuqaha mengeluarkan hukum fiqh berdasarkan perbezaan Qiraat. Objektif kajian ialah mengkaji sejauhmana perkaitan dan peranan Qiraat pada hukum fiqh, menganalisis dan menilai sejauh mana pertalian bacaan Qiraat yang dibaca Fuqaha’ dengan hukum yang diinstibatkan oleh Fuqaha.’ Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini dijalankan berdasarkan kajian ke perpustakaan sepenuhnya. Ternyata dapatan hasil kajian ini merumuskan bahawa perbezaan Qiraat pula memberi impak yang besar dalam mencorakkan hukum fiqh dalam ayat al-Quran. Bacaan ‘Qiraat PilihanFuqaha‘ pula tidaklah menjadi faktor utama mempengaruhi hukum fiqh mazhab yang diasaskan oleh mereka bahkan fuqaha hanya menjadikan wajh Qiraat itu sebagai platform utama dalam menentukan hukum fiqh dalam mazhab yang diasaskan mereka. Namun tidak dinafikan juga, bacaan ‘Qiraat Pilihan Fuqaha‘ itu kekadang menjadi sebab penentuan hukum bagi mazhab mereka dan kekadangnya sebaliknya. Kajian ini diharap menjadi perintis kepada pengkaji yang lain untuk lebih prolifik mengenai ilmu Qiraat dalam membahaskannya dari pelbagai sudut disiplin ilmu Islam secara lebih kritis supaya ia dapat ditelaah, dikaji, difahami, diperkasai dan diimplimentasikan dalam aspek pengajaran dan pembelajaran sejajar dengan kepentingannya terhadap cabangan ilmu-ilmu Islam yang lain agar terus berkembang dan bertapak pada kaca mata Ilmuan Islam secara khusus dan masyarakat sejagat secara umumnya.   Kata Kunci: Qiraat Mutawatirah, Fiqh, Qiraat, fuqaha‘.


1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. G. Moore

Walter Bagehot is an excellent example of the mid-Victorian polymath. He was a banker, journalist, editor, biographer, literary critic, economist and political analyst. The educated reader of today remembers him as the author of The English Constitution, which, though published in 1867, remains one of the best introductions to the workings of the Westminster political system. Economists, on the other hand, vaguely recall him as the monetary commentator who wrote Lombard Street (1873b) and edited The Economist (1861–1877). Only a few historians of economic thought cite Bagehot for his participation in the English Methodenstreit. He played a significant role in this largely forgotten Victorian debate between the historical and orthodox economists. He was one of the first orthodox economists to respond to the historicist challenge, and, in doing so, he articulated a highly controversial relativist interpretation of the orthodox doctrines. Specifically, in response to the historicist claims that recent evidence gathered from custom-bound societies falsified the orthodox


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Elida V. Laski

This paper provides five clear, relatable examples that can help students understand the distinction between the term “factors” and “mechanisms” in Developmental Psychology. The examples emphasize the idea that factors are related to changes in ways that moderate development, but are not causal. On the other hand, the term mechanism refers to processes that produce change. These examples can be embedded in lectures individually or shared as a whole to support student learning. A precise understanding of the distinction between factors and mechanisms can help students better understand development, parse research findings, and consider policy and practical implications.


1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Preiswerk

For the leaders and people of every new state of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, independence has brought about a dramatic awakening with respect to the conceptualization of their position in world affairs. The loosening of ties with the metropolis, which had been the primary aim of the struggle for independence, suddenly appears in a double perspective. On the one hand, it contains the threat of distintegration of the established social and economic order and, on the other hand, it opens prospects for new bonds and opportunities. After decades or centuries of predominantly bilateral relationships between colony and metropolis, historical links are confronted with the pressures resulting from geographic proximity .The diversification of foreign contacts is a phenomenon of the very recent past. The leaders and inhabitants of Ghana and the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Niger, Trinidad and Venezuela, or Guyana and Brazil are only now realizing the full impact of their relationship as neighbours.


Author(s):  
Stefano De Falco

A dichotomy often frequent in the context of geographic studies concerns the dualism between propagation and induction models-based phenomena, inherent in variables and factors characterizing contiguous areas, and research relating to homogeneity between geographically not closed areas. In the wake of the latter research, this contribution proposes a model that exploits the potential of graph theory for the evaluation of common dynamics relating to non-contiguous areas. The assumption underlying the model envisages configuring the reality being studied in terms of a network whose nodes and branches are respectively representative of entities distant from each other and of their related affinities. The proposed approach focuses on some Italian industrial districts. The value of the proposed approach is twofold, on the one hand regarding the specific industrial district topic with both scientific and practical implications, and on the other hand it aims to provide a method that can be replicated in similar scenarios in which it is interesting to evaluate the similarity between neighboring areas analytically.


BIOMATH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2005103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roumen Anguelov ◽  
Jacek Banasiak ◽  
Chelsea Bright ◽  
Jean Lubuma ◽  
Rachid Ouifki

The paper draws attention to the asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases of COVID-19, which, according to some reports, may constitute a large fraction of the infected individuals. These cases are often unreported and are not captured in the total number of confirmed cases communicated daily. On the one hand, this group may play a significant role in the spread of the infection, as asymptomatic cases are seldom detected  and quarantined. On the other hand, it may play a significant role in disease extinction by contributing to the development of sufficient herd immunity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Leo Egghe ◽  
Yves Fassin ◽  
Ronald Rousseau

Abstract Purpose To show for which publication-citation arrays h-type indices are equal and to reconsider rational h-type indices. Results for these research questions fill some gaps in existing basic knowledge about h-type indices. Design/methodology/approach The results and introduction of new indicators are based on well-known definitions. Findings The research purpose has been reached: answers to the first questions are obtained and new indicators are defined. Research limitations h-type indices do not meet the Bouyssou-Marchant independence requirement. Practical implications On the one hand, more insight has been obtained for well-known indices such as the h- and the g-index and on the other hand, simple extensions of existing indicators have been added to the bibliometric toolbox. Relative rational h-type indices are more useful for individuals than the existing absolute ones. Originality/value Answers to basic questions such as “when are the values of two h-type indices equal” are provided. A new rational h-index is introduced.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lathif Hanafir Rifqi

BMT (Islamic saving and loan cooperative) has continuosly been one of the Islamic microfinance institutions playing a significant role in empowering economic society. There has been a number of research discussing on the effort, however none of them discussed on the perception between the empowers and the empowered group. Comparing these perceptions is a salient effort to find similarities or differencess of perceptions. This research seeks to compare empowerment perception between two organizations. One hand hand, the first party taking BMT BIF Ledok Timoho as the empowering organization and on the other hand focusing on a group of women's empowerment Ledok Timoho. Gathering data through doing observation and in-depth interview had been employed with selecting the purposive informants that contains a BMT BIF and four empowerment group representatives. To conclude, this research found that are similarities of perceptions on empowerment goals, process, outcomes and constraints.Keywords : perception, empowerment, BMT (Islamic saving and loan cooperative)


Author(s):  
Ömer Esen ◽  
Celil Aydın

Turkey has been providing considerable political and economic support to Tunisia, which has recently been struggling with economic, social, and political crises. In this process, mutual diplomatic visits have become intense on one hand, and economic relations and commercial affairs have gained momentum between the two countries on the other hand. The political and economic support of Turkey has been playing an important role in the alleviation of problems such as unemployment, lack of investment, and socio-economic problems in Tunisia. However, another challenging process is awaiting Tunisia in the following period. Hence, the positive contributions to be made by Turkey will keep on playing a significant role there. In this regard, it is highly important to explore the possible areas in which Turkey will contribute to the solution of problems in the troublesome process Tunisia is very likely to experience and to make efforts for the improvement of bilateral relations.


2005 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 659-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ferruz Agudo ◽  
Cristina Ortiz Lázaro

The aim of this article is to investigate the mutual fund market in India and verify whether or not the fund classification obtained from the name given to identify them corresponds to that which would be obtained were prior management to be taken into account. This industry has undergone spectacular growth in recent years, making this study extremely interesting, not least because institutional control could be less in times of expansion. The methodologies employed in the study are factor analysis and cluster analysis. The former determines that risk would clearly identify two groups of funds in the same manner as public classification of the funds. Cluster analysis, on the other hand, identifies funds that are, in fact, very close to one another, when for the bulk of investors they are not.


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