Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan has tried to show progress both politically and economically after it gained independency. It leaded fastest economic growth and the contribution to this transformation is having the advantages of energy resources. After declaring its independence, the sector structure has been modified and new employment areas have been formed causing a high growth rate. The country also has participated in international economic organizations to develop economic relations and cooperate with other countries.

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

For Jordanian economy, the insufficiency of its natural resources, the dependence of the volatility of its workers' remittances on the global oil price fluctuations, the effect of the regional chaos on its economic sectors, rising requirements on education and health due to the increasing population generated by refugee influx are some of its important issues. Agricultural products are among the country's main exports. Nevertheless, the water scarcity in the Middle East which may be defined “the key issue” to be solved for the welfare of Jordan (and the Middle Eastern-Islamic World) has been a block for its economy. Improving the bilateral relations and “skilled partnerships” with Turkey, would be a solution for the Jordanian economic issues, for the general welfare of the region as well. One specific sector may be healthcare services through which an integrated system may be formed for the future well-being of the Middle Eastern and Islamic World. An important issue for Jordan and the Middle Eastern-Islamic countries is that the success of economic policies, the stability, the peace, safety and welfare of the general are dependent on how “justice and compassion” are defined and on the mentality or belief from which they are derived.

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is very rich and striking with its ethnic composition. After the collapse of USSR, the changes in social infrastructure and the differentiation in the ideological premises of the state have led to a dramatic change in the population dynamics of the country. Now, the Kyrgyzstan Republic is a democratic and secular state. Ethnic structure, border security, long border with China are important issues of Kyrgyzstan, which, in its foreign policy, has drawn a profile that is open to the west, avoids conflicts with its neighbors, pursues a balanced policy in its relations with the US, Russia and China. Turkey is also an important partner of Kyrgyzstan; between Turkey and the Kyrgyz Republic, over 100 agreements and cooperation documents were signed in the fields of education, culture, trade and economic cooperation, transport, communication, military and other areas.

Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most crowded countries in the world, 89% of which is Muslim. Various economic, cultural and administrative factors played important roles for the Bengals to launch an independence war against West Pakistan. Bangladesh has gone a difficult and unstable process of economic development since its inception in 1971 and is still one of the least developed economies. In the absence of a stable political life in Bangladesh, enough investment from abroad did not come to the country. Bangladesh spent a great deal of effort to move the country towards a better point. However, the pace is slow and it is quite difficult to overcome some problems easily.

Indonesia

This chapter examines Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world, politically, culturally, socially, and economically. The main purpose of this chapter is to reveal the obstacles to the economic development of Indonesia and to develop policy recommendations for them. The chapter begins with three of the major political and cultural issues of a country's general structure: socio-political structure, socio-cultural properties and political-administrative structure and institutions. The fourth and fifth parts of this chapter analyze the country's economic situation and economic potential. The following parts continue with handling other significant points which are the political, social, cultural and economic factors affecting the country's international relations. The author concludes this chapter with the leading obstacles to the economic development of Indonesia and some policy recommendations which have the potential to pave the way to country's growth in terms of economy. This section is not supported by empirical findings.

The State of Qatar

Since 1990s, with its improving economy and its wise international strategies, Qatar has been a growing power of MENA. Although Qatar is a tiny peninsula country with a very little population, the country refused to be a rentier monarchy. Today, as one of the greatest Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) suppliers, Qatar became one of the wealthiest countries of the world. However, since the economy is heavily dependent on hydrocarbon products, the country has been dealing with diversifying the economy. Besides, there has been great infrastructure investments to modernize the country. However, since the country is located at a very hot point of the Middle East, the country has to follow fine tuning political strategies due to great conflicts in its neighbors. Besides, Qatar needs to improve not only economical but also political relations with the region countries. Below, macroeconomic performance of Qatar and international relations of the country will be explained.

Syria

Officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic, Syria is a country in the East Asia. Its' capital is Damascus which is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World. Arabic is the official language of Syria. It has a population of approximately 19 million. This population has a diversity in terms of etnicity and religion. It has been governed by the Baas Party under the leadership of Bashar al-Assad and formerly his father Hafez Assad for over 50 years. With the Arab Spring, there has begun a desire for democracy and freedom among Syrian people. But as it is described by the American NGO Freedom House, current regime in Syria is away from democracy and freedom. Finally, a bloody civil war took place and unfortunately according to the statistics about 470.000 people have lost their lives in this civil war since 2011. In addition to its destructivity, the war has had social, economic, political and cultural effects on the country and neighbours. Undoubtedly, Turkey is the most affected country from the war in Syria.

Tunisia

Turkey has been providing considerable political and economic support to Tunisia, which has recently been struggling with economic, social, and political crises. In this process, mutual diplomatic visits have become intense on one hand, and economic relations and commercial affairs have gained momentum between the two countries on the other hand. The political and economic support of Turkey has been playing an important role in the alleviation of problems such as unemployment, lack of investment, and socio-economic problems in Tunisia. However, another challenging process is awaiting Tunisia in the following period. Hence, the positive contributions to be made by Turkey will keep on playing a significant role there. In this regard, it is highly important to explore the possible areas in which Turkey will contribute to the solution of problems in the troublesome process Tunisia is very likely to experience and to make efforts for the improvement of bilateral relations.

Afghanistan

Afghanistan region takes place at the meeting point of the empires and the civilizations. It has been victim of external interventions in every stage of its history. In Afhganistan, many different languages, ethnic groups, religions and cultures are available. So, there are numerous ethnic groups. On the basis of the most of Afghanistan's political, social, economic, and cultural problems lie in many cases entwined ethnic and sectarian elements. Despite these problems, Afghanistan is a developing Asian country engaged significantly on agriculture for livelihood. The relations between Turkey and Afghanistan goes back to old times.

Islamic Republic of Iran

Iran has been a home for prominent civilizations since early ages thanks to its geographical position, at the intersection point of Europe and Asia. Iran also is a very important market for Turkey. Its population is growing adn several ethnical groups takes place in the country. Its economy is growing despite pressure from international society; these restrictions are lifted in the near future. Relations between Iran and Turkey are important for Middle East politics; Ankara and Tehran's lack of cooperation before the issues in the Middle East led the region to further tribulations, resulted in a decrease in their activities not only in the Middle East but also on a global scale. The relations became closer during AK Party governments in Turkey.