Aestheticization of Fear and Violence via Public Relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-393
Author(s):  
H. Burcu Önder Memiş
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Military ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Shed Light

Fear is a human emotion that allows a person to survive. It has a function to ensure the continuity of life. The definition of fear has changed over time. Along with human development, transition to sedentary life, the industrial revolution, and modern life, fear and the things feared have changed. Fear has started to be marketed, especially in post-industrial societies. The governments have seen that fear and violence work to regulate, control, and passivate people. Political governments have had the unique opportunity to use fear as a mechanism for control and surveillance. The governments have aestheticized the fear and presented it indirectly with the support of media. The masses have been shaped as weak, scared, anxious, and helpless in the shadow of fear and violence. This study tries to shed light on the attempt to persuade the society about the legitimacy of the military government by presenting fear and violence to people in aestheticized forms in the 1980s in Turkey.

scholarly journals Frail Males on the American Frontier: The Role of Environmental Harshness on Sex Ratios at Birth Across a Period of Rapid Industrialization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schacht ◽  
Mike Hollingshaus ◽  
Heidi Hanson ◽  
Tim Bruckner ◽  
Shane J Macfarlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Shed Light

While sex ratios at birth (SRB) have been shown to vary within and across populations, after over a century of research, explanations have remained elusive. A variety of ecological, demographic, economic, and social variables have been evaluated, yet their association with SRB has been equivocal. Here, in an attempt to shed light on this unresolved topic within the literature, we approach the question of what drives variation in SRB using detailed longitudinal data spanning the frontier-era to the early 20th century in a US population. Using several measures of environmental harshness, we find that fewer boys are born during challenging times. However, these results hold only for the frontier-era and not into a period of rapid industrialization. We argue that the mixed state of the literature may result from the impact and frequency of exogenous stressors being dampened in post-industrial societies.

scholarly journals Accounting signifiers, political discourse, popular resistance and legal identity during Pakistan Steel Mills attempted privatization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Ashraf ◽  
F Muhammad ◽  
Trevor Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Military

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Using the privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills (PSM)as an empirical site and drawing on Laclau and Mouffe's (1985)discourse theory, this paper traces the discursive struggle between two discourses on the valuation and privatization of PSM. Specific signifiers were articulated and re-articulated into different chains of equivalence to create an appeal for each discourse surrounding the steel mill's valuation. The anti-privatization discourse's ‘success’ derived from its ‘interdiscursivity’ i.e. drawing on disparate signifiers from different meta-discourses; accounting, nationalism, state corruption and ‘informal’ signifiers such as ‘family silver’, ‘market value’ and ‘throw away price’. In contrast, the pro-privatization discourse drew on a homogenous (financial)economics discourse using more formal and technical signifiers such as ‘going concern’ and ‘sensitivity adjusted discounted cash flow value’. The anti-privatization discourse, with its diverse and informal (accounting)signifiers gained ‘empirical validity’, ‘narrative fidelity’, ‘and experiential commensurability’, appealed more to the masses, the media, and the judiciary. It convinced them selling PSM was a grave injustice, which must be prevented. Hence the Supreme Court reversed the privatization decision, which soured executive-judiciary relations, and led the military government to suspend the Chief Justice of Pakistan, and later the judiciary, media outlets, and the Constitution, which precipitated a successful social movement for an independent judiciary and the restoration of democracy. Events were shaped by the various interests of parties concerned and created new identities for them. The paper concludes by reflecting on how the findings contribute to, and add new issues for accounting research using discourse analysis.

What Is Called Thinking?: When Deleuze Walks Along Heideggerian Paths

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Dillet
Keyword(s):  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Shed Light

When on the last page of What Is Philosophy?, Deleuze and Guattari (1995: 218) claim that philosophy needs a non-philosophy, this statement is the result of a long engagement with the problem of thinking in society. It is this engagement that we intend to reconstruct in this article. By developing an original definition of thinking after Heidegger, Deleuze is able to claim that philosophy is not the only ‘thinking’ discipline. Our point of departure is Deleuze's constant reference to a phrase from Heidegger's lecture course What Is Called Thinking?: ‘We are not yet thinking’ ( Deleuze 1988 : 116, 1989: 167, 1994: 144, 2002: 108; Deleuze and Guattari 1995: 56). This phrase points to the demand for a new distribution of the relation between philosophy and its outside. The purpose of this article is to trace Heidegger's influence on Deleuze's definition of thinking and to raise two points. First, Deleuze borrows some elements of Heidegger's definition of thinking to further his own understanding of politics as an involuntary practice. For both, the question of thinking is political. Second, by departing from Heidegger, Deleuze can democratise the definition of thinking, beyond its confinement to philosophy, by turning to cinema. Deleuze calls cinema the art of the masses because it brings the masses in contact with external signs. Finally, in the last part of this article, we will discuss how Deleuze raises stupidity (and not error) as a transcendental problem that should be constantly fought. In this way, we hope to shed light on how Deleuze moves from Heidegger's question ‘what is called thinking?’ to the problem of stupidity and shame.

scholarly journals Frail Males on the American Frontier: The Role of Environmental Harshness on Sex Ratios at Birth Across a Period of Rapid Industrialization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schacht ◽  
Mike Hollingshaus ◽  
Tim Bruckner ◽  
Shane J Macfarlan ◽  
Douglas Tharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Shed Light

While sex ratios at birth (SRB) have been shown to vary within and across populations, after over a century of research, explanations have remained elusive. A variety of ecological, demographic, economic, and social variables have been evaluated, yet their association with SRB has been equivocal. Here, in an attempt to shed light on this unresolved topic within the literature, we approach the question of what drives variation in SRB using detailed longitudinal data spanning the frontier-era to the early 20th century in a US population. Using several measures of environmental harshness, we find that fewer boys are born during challenging times. However, these results hold only for the frontier-era and not into a period of rapid industrialization. We argue that the mixed state of the literature may result from the impact and frequency of exogenous stressors being dampened in post-industrial societies.

scholarly journals Accounting signifiers, political discourse, popular resistance and legal identity during Pakistan Steel Mills attempted privatization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Ashraf ◽  
F Muhammad ◽  
Trevor Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Military

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Using the privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills (PSM)as an empirical site and drawing on Laclau and Mouffe's (1985)discourse theory, this paper traces the discursive struggle between two discourses on the valuation and privatization of PSM. Specific signifiers were articulated and re-articulated into different chains of equivalence to create an appeal for each discourse surrounding the steel mill's valuation. The anti-privatization discourse's ‘success’ derived from its ‘interdiscursivity’ i.e. drawing on disparate signifiers from different meta-discourses; accounting, nationalism, state corruption and ‘informal’ signifiers such as ‘family silver’, ‘market value’ and ‘throw away price’. In contrast, the pro-privatization discourse drew on a homogenous (financial)economics discourse using more formal and technical signifiers such as ‘going concern’ and ‘sensitivity adjusted discounted cash flow value’. The anti-privatization discourse, with its diverse and informal (accounting)signifiers gained ‘empirical validity’, ‘narrative fidelity’, ‘and experiential commensurability’, appealed more to the masses, the media, and the judiciary. It convinced them selling PSM was a grave injustice, which must be prevented. Hence the Supreme Court reversed the privatization decision, which soured executive-judiciary relations, and led the military government to suspend the Chief Justice of Pakistan, and later the judiciary, media outlets, and the Constitution, which precipitated a successful social movement for an independent judiciary and the restoration of democracy. Events were shaped by the various interests of parties concerned and created new identities for them. The paper concludes by reflecting on how the findings contribute to, and add new issues for accounting research using discourse analysis.

Hogan’s Heroes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan O. Varol
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Military ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter defines the key terms used throughout the book: military, military coup, and popular revolution. The military, also known as the armed forces, is the state institution responsible for defending a nation’s borders. Importantly, the military is a separate institution from the state’s security forces. Although journalistic and historical accounts often conflate the military with the security forces, they serve distinct functions. Although most nations employ various measures to keep the military subservient to the civilian government, those measures are effective only if the military chooses to follow them. When the military disregards those measures and unleashes its coercive power against the sitting head of state, the result is a coup d’état. The definition of a coup ordinarily requires that its perpetrators come from a state institution such as the domestic military. Although many features of coups are also present in revolutions and popular movements, the definition of a military coup excludes these events because they are perpetrated by the masses, not members of the military.

scholarly journals A produção intelectual sobre educação superior na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP): período 1968-1995

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (193) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdemar Sguissardi ◽  
João dos Reis Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

Estuda a trajetória do tema “Educação Superior” na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP), editada pelo Inep desde 1944 até nossos dias. Ao fazê-lo, lança luzes sobre as diversas fases da vida dessa instituição responsável pela edição da RBEP, ao mesmo tempo que discorre sobre as vicissitudes por que passou a política educacional e pedagógica no âmbito do Estado e da sociedade civil no Brasil. O percurso histórico percorrido pela RBEP e pela temática da educação superior em suas páginas é periodizado em três momentos claramente definidos. No primeiro, enfoca-se o nascimento, a natureza e a consolidação da RBEP (1944-1964). No segundo (1964-1979), a forte presença do Estado na definição das políticas educacionais, com destaque para a reforma educacional orquestrada pelo governo militarautoritário. No terceiro (1980-1995), a presença marcante da sociedade civil, quando esta se redemocratizava e quando a produção intelectual tinha origem especialmente nos programas de pós-graduação em educação, que à época se consolidavam. Palavras-Chave: educação superior; artigo de periódico; Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP). Abstract Higher Education and its historical development at the Brasilian context are studied through the analysis of articles at the Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP), which has been published by Inep since 1944. Three main periods of analysis were proposed in this present study: 1st (1944-1964), in which the beginning and the consolidation of the RBEP were basically established; 2nd (1964-1979), in which the presence of the State in the definition of educational policies is stressed, as shown by the educational reform imposed by the military government; and the 3rd one (1980-1995) where happens the democratization of the civil society, in which the intellectual prodution was mainly developed in the graduate programs on Education. Keywords: higher education; periodic article; Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP).

scholarly journals Spirit Islam dalam teknologi pendidikan di era revolusi industri 4.0

ATTARBIYAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Akhmad Syahri
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
General Science ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali konsep spirit Islam dalam Teknologi Pendidikan di Era revolusi Industri 4.0. Melalui studi pustaka dan analisis deskriptif, kajian ini menghasilkan gagasan, bahwa: 1) Spirit Islam dalam teknologi pendidikan muncul akibat adanya kekhawatiran teknologi pendidikan yang dikembangkan akan tercemar dengan pendidikan yang diajarkan oleh bangsa Barat seperti paham sekulerisme, materialisme, liberalisme, kapitalisme, dan paham-paham yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam lainnya. Penyimpangan paham-paham tersebut dalam Islam dialihkan agar pendidikan seyogyanya mampu meningkatkan potensi diri peserta didik. 2) Islam merespon kepada masyarakat agar  dalam bertindak dan berfikir selalu berbasis pada pengetahuan, dari masyarakat industri menjadi masyarakat pasca-industri, dan dari masyarakat pasca-industri menjadi masyarakat pembelajaran abadi. 3) Islam berperan mengisi nilai tentang metode atau cara bagaimana teknologi pendidikan dapat berlangsung dengan baik, Islam menjadi standarisasi ilmu pengetahuan dengan mengintegrasikan ilmu umum dan agama, karena Islam berdasarkan pada pemilik segala ilmu yang ilmu-Nya mencakup segala sesuatu. 4) Landasaran kebenaran teknologi pendidikan dibangun berdasarkan nilai-nilai rukun iman dan Islam. This paper aims to explore the concept of the spirit of Islam in Educational Technology in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Through literature studies and descriptive analysis, this study produced the idea that: 1) Islamic spirit in educational technology arose due to concerns that educational technology developed would be tainted with education taught by Western nations such as secularism, materialism, liberalism, capitalism and understanding ideas that conflict with other Islamic teachings. Deviations of these ideologies in Islam are diverted so that education should be able to increase the potential of students. 2) Islam responds to society so that in acting and thinking is always based on knowledge, from industrial societies to post-industrial societies, and from post-industrial societies to eternal learning societies. 3) Islam has a role to fill the value of the method or method of how educational technology can take place well, Islam becomes a standardization of science by integrating general science and religion, because Islam is based on the owner of all knowledge whose knowledge includes everything. 4) The objective of the truth of educational technology is based on the values of the pillars of faith and Islam.

THE IMPACT OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN ON THE CONSUMPTION CULTURE, FROM PAST TO PRESENT

2016 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Selma Karaahmet Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Communication Design ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Societies

Visual communication design as an interdisciplinary term makes a reference to many disciplines which have focused on communication and presentation point to transmit the messages, prepared as visuals, to target the audience. Especially after the industrial revolution, the visual communication design phenomenon, which in its existence is an influential field in creating consumer-wise shoppers and the visuals are increasing their power with mass communication. Visual communication design as a sustainable phenomenon with more powerful interaction zone, which has been differed from within the several unstable paradigm axis, from Bauhaus to present, maintains its existence by including the aesthetic concerns in designs. Consumption culture has been created by dwelling on the individuals’ consumption perceptions. In post-industrial societies, people aim to satisfy the needs of their egos, by getting a hedonic benefit, rather than their material needs by means of the products they have purchased. At this point, visual communication design as a field, being at the middle of capitalism and consumption culture, it has been an inter-bedded phenomenon with consumption in all ages. 

Evolution and Nature of the Concept of Motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Grigor Grigorov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Military Profession ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis report examines the evolution and nature of the concept of motivation. It performs a theoretical analysis of the definitions of motivation and attempts to give a scientific definition of the phenomenon of motivation for practising the military profession. The results of the analysis will enable commanders to understand more clearly military motivation in order to effectively manage their subordinates.

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