The Role of AI-Based Integrated Physical Security Governance for Optimizing IoT Devices Connectivity in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Rajan R. ◽  
Venkata Subramanian Dayanandan ◽  
Shankar P. ◽  
Ranganath Tngk
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
World Class ◽  
Iot Devices

A smart city aims at developing an ecosystem wherein the citizens will have instant access to amenities required for a healthy and safe living. Since the mission of smart city is to develop and integrate many facilities, it is envisaged that there is a need for making the information available instantly for right use of such infrastructure. So, there exists a need to design and implement a world-class physical security measures which acts as a bellwether to protect people life from physical security threats. It is a myth that if placing adequate number of cameras alone would enhance physical security controls in smart cities. There is a need for designing and building comprehensive physical security controls, based on the principles of “layered defense-in-depth,” which integrates all aspects of physical security controls. This chapter will review presence of existing physical security technology controls for smart cities in line with the known security threats and propose the need for an AI-enabled physical security premise.

scholarly journals Improving Sustainability of Smart Cities through Visualization Techniques for Big Data from IoT Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lavalle ◽  
Miguel A. Teruel ◽  
Alejandro Maté ◽  
Juan Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Fostering sustainability is paramount for Smart Cities development. Lately, Smart Cities are benefiting from the rising of Big Data coming from IoT devices, leading to improvements on monitoring and prevention. However, monitoring and prevention processes require visualization techniques as a key component. Indeed, in order to prevent possible hazards (such as fires, leaks, etc.) and optimize their resources, Smart Cities require adequate visualizations that provide insights to decision makers. Nevertheless, visualization of Big Data has always been a challenging issue, especially when such data are originated in real-time. This problem becomes even bigger in Smart City environments since we have to deal with many different groups of users and multiple heterogeneous data sources. Without a proper visualization methodology, complex dashboards including data from different nature are difficult to understand. In order to tackle this issue, we propose a methodology based on visualization techniques for Big Data, aimed at improving the evidence-gathering process by assisting users in the decision making in the context of Smart Cities. Moreover, in order to assess the impact of our proposal, a case study based on service calls for a fire department is presented. In this sense, our findings will be applied to data coming from citizen calls. Thus, the results of this work will contribute to the optimization of resources, namely fire extinguishing battalions, helping to improve their effectiveness and, as a result, the sustainability of a Smart City, operating better with less resources. Finally, in order to evaluate the impact of our proposal, we have performed an experiment, with non-expert users in data visualization.

scholarly journals Sustainable Virtual Reality Patient Rehabilitation Systems with IoT Sensors Using Virtual Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4716
Author(s):  
Moustafa M. Nasralla
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Iot Devices

To develop sustainable rehabilitation systems, these should consider common problems on IoT devices such as low battery, connection issues and hardware damages. These should be able to rapidly detect any kind of problem incorporating the capacity of warning users about failures without interrupting rehabilitation services. A novel methodology is presented to guide the design and development of sustainable rehabilitation systems focusing on communication and networking among IoT devices in rehabilitation systems with virtual smart cities by using time series analysis for identifying malfunctioning IoT devices. This work is illustrated in a realistic rehabilitation simulation scenario in a virtual smart city using machine learning on time series for identifying and anticipating failures for supporting sustainability.

scholarly journals Setting up the stage for smart sustainable city: international and ukrainian context. The role of smart solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Anna Pozdniakova ◽  
Iryna Velska
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Human Component

The paper analyzes the key steps taken by different cities worldwide and gathered into a clear step-by-step roadmap that can be useful for emerging smart cities. The Roadmap covers three main stages as we see them during the process of development: preparation, formation and spreading stages. We reveal how this is incorporated in the Ukrainian context. Our analysis of smart city solutions from all over the world (based on the BeeSmartCity database) showed that the tech component on its own is not enough to overcome urban challenges within different domains (environment, economy, government etc.), as we see each of the solutions has a human component involved in a form of knowledge generation and sharing, different forms of co-creation and partnership etc. Thus, ICTs are a required but not a sufficient element of building successful citizen-friendly and resilient cities.

scholarly journals A Parallel Meta-Heuristic Approach to Reduce Vehicle Travel Time in Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Rico-Garcia ◽  
Jose-Luis Sanchez-Romero ◽  
Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla ◽  
Hector Migallon-Gomis
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Vehicle Travel Time ◽  
Gpu Architecture

The development of the smart city concept and the inhabitants’ need to reduce travel time, as well as society’s awareness of the reduction of fuel consumption and respect for the environment, lead to a new approach to the classic problem of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) applied to urban environments. This problem can be formulated as “Given a list of geographic points and the distances between each pair of points, what is the shortest possible route that visits each point and returns to the departure point?” Nowadays, with the development of IoT devices and the high sensoring capabilities, a large amount of data and measurements are available, allowing researchers to model accurately the routes to choose. In this work, the purpose is to give solution to the TSP in smart city environments using a modified version of the metaheuristic optimization algorithm TLBO (Teacher Learner Based Optimization). In addition, to improve performance, the solution is implemented using a parallel GPU architecture, specifically a CUDA implementation.

Smart City: An Approach from the View of Smart Urban Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Viet NGO ◽  
◽  
Quan LE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Government Work ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The City

The world’s population is forecasted of having 68% to be urban residents by 2050 while urbanization in the world continues to grow. Along with that phenomenon, there is a global trend towards the creation of smart cities in many countries. Looking at the overview of studies and reports on smart cities, it can be seen that the concept of “smart city” is not clearly defined. Information and communication technology have often been being recognized by the vast majority of agencies, authorities and people when thinking about smart city but the meaning of smart city goes beyond that. Smart city concept should come with the emphasizing on the role of social resources and smart urban governance in the management of urban issues. Therefore, the "smart city" label should refer to the capacity of smart people and smart officials who create smart urban governance solutions for urban problems. The autonomy in smart cities allows its members (whether individuals or the community in general) of the city to participate in governance and management of the city and become active users and that is the picture of e-democracy. E-democracy makes it easier for stakeholders to become more involved in government work and fosters effective governance by using the IT platform of smart city. This approach will be discussed more in this paper.

The Smart City and Its Citizens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1407-1427
Author(s):  
Carlo Francesco Capra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Complex Settings ◽  
Multiple Actors

Smart cities are associated almost exclusively with modern technology and infrastructure. However, smart cities have the possibility to enhance the involvement and contribution of citizens to urban development. This work explores the role of governance as one of the factors influencing the participation of citizens in smart cities projects. Governance characteristics play a major role in explaining different typologies of citizen participation. Through a focus on Amsterdam Smart City program as a specific case study, this research examines the characteristics of governance that are present in the overall program and within a selected sample of projects, and how they relate to different typologies of citizen participation. The analysis and comprehension of governance characteristics plays a crucial role both for a better understanding and management of citizen participation, especially in complex settings where multiple actors are interacting.

A Smart City for the Blind

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-129
Author(s):  
Dago Schelin ◽  
Péricles Varella Gomes ◽  
Verônica Isabela Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
World Class ◽  
German City ◽  
Historical Relation ◽  
High Band

In this chapter, the authors present the German city of Marburg as an alternative model for the conception of a smart city. Marburg's historical relation with its visually impaired citizens has shaped not only its infrastructure but also its human framework. Generally, smart cities are equated with world-class major metropolitan areas, with international airports, use of high band internet, internet of things, and other IT infrastructures. However, Marburg might be considered a smart city according to other criteria. This case study articulates the uniqueness of what Marburg has been able to achieve using a diverse approach of cultural acceptance of the blind, becoming a world reference for other small cities. The authors suggest that Marburg can serve as a model for other cities. This hypothesis was reached through critical investigations into concepts of smartness and disability, intersected with the insights obtained in a focus group interview.

Citizens in the Smart City

2022 ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Tomor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
European City ◽  
Citizen Empowerment ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

While the role of citizens in smart cities is hotly debated, there is a dearth of empirical research on the subject. This in-depth study of a European city, selected for its typical smart city ambitions, explores the roles that citizens actually play in smart city projects. The study examines twelve initiatives in the City of Utrecht (NL) using a framework that differentiates between types of citizen participation. The findings show that technology-enabled citizen participation in Utrecht is highly diverse and embraces all types of participation rather than simply taking the form of either “citizen empowerment” (as the advocates argue) or “citizen subjugation' (as the critics stress). The diversity found in the study highlights the need to conceptualize the role of the smart citizen at the micro (project) level rather than at the level of the city as a whole. The study shows that citizen participation in the smart city should not be understood as a technological utopia or dystopia but as an evolving, technologically mediated practice that is shaped by a variety of factors.

scholarly journals Towards Secure and Privacy-Preserving IoT Enabled Smart Home: Architecture and Experimental Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Mamun Abu-Tair ◽  
Soufiene Djahel ◽  
Philip Perry ◽  
Bryan Scotney ◽  
Unsub Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Hardware Implementations ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Iot Devices

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is increasingly pervasive in all aspects of our life and its usage is anticipated to significantly increase in future Smart Cities to support their myriad of revolutionary applications. This paper introduces a new architecture that can support several IoT-enabled smart home use cases, with a specified level of security and privacy preservation. The security threats that may target such an architecture are highlighted along with the cryptographic algorithms that can prevent them. An experimental study is performed to provide more insights about the suitability of several lightweight cryptographic algorithms for use in securing the constrained IoT devices used in the proposed architecture. The obtained results showed that many modern lightweight symmetric cryptography algorithms, as CLEFIA and TRIVIUM, are optimized for hardware implementations and can consume up to 10 times more energy than the legacy techniques when they are implemented in software. Moreover, the experiments results highlight that CLEFIA significantly outperforms TRIVIUM under all of the investigated test cases, and the latter performs 100 times worse than the legacy cryptographic algorithms tested.

Governmentality and performance for the smart city

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Argento ◽  
Giuseppe Grossi ◽  
Aki Jääskeläinen ◽  
Stefania Servalli ◽  
Petri Suomala
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Performance Measurement Systems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of performance measurement systems as technologies of government in the operationalisation of smart city programmes. It answers the research question: how do the development and use of performance measurement systems support smart cities in the achievement of their goals? Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a longitudinal case study that uses an interventionist approach to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the use of performance measurement systems as technologies of government in a smart city. Interpretations are theoretically informed by the Foucauldian governmentality framework (Foucault, 2009) and by public sector performance measurement literature. Findings The findings address the benefits and criticalities confronting a smart city that introduces new performance measurement systems as a technology of government. Such technologies become problematic tools when the city network is characterised by a fragmentation of inter-departmental processes, and when forms of resistance emerge due to a lack of process owners, horizontal accountability and cooperation among involved parties. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on a case study of a single smart city, and outlines the need for both comparative and multidisciplinary analyses in order to analyse the causes and effects of smart city challenges. Originality/value This paper offers a critical understanding of the role of accounting in the smart city. The ineffectiveness of performance measurement systems is related to the multiple roles of such technologies of government, which may lead to a temporary paralysis in the achievement of smart city goals and programmes.

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