Challenges and Opportunities From COVID-19 vis-à-vis Informal Cross-Border Women Entrepreneurs Scenario in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Mufaro Dzingirai ◽  
Munyaradzi Chagwesha ◽  
Florence Mudzurandende
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Liquidity Crisis ◽  
Caregiving Responsibility

Although entrepreneurship is widely accepted as a driver of economic development and growth across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic and several lockdowns have created a unique situation in the entrepreneurship discourse. Accordingly, this chapter aims at providing empirical evidence on the challenges and opportunities emanating from COVID-19 within the context of informal cross-border women entrepreneurs. This study establishes five challenges, namely, business closures, caregiving responsibility, the decline in demand, shortage of goods, and liquidity crisis. Moreover, it also establishes digital marketing and business networks as opportunities. The recommendations to deal with these challenges are proffered and the suggestions for further study are captured.

scholarly journals Conclusion: Learnings From Eight Country Studies on Women Entrepreneurs in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Jessica Li ◽  
Yonjoo Cho ◽  
Sanghamitra Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
International Human ◽  
Hrd Professionals ◽  
Start Ups

The Problem Women entrepreneurs have played an important role in advancing the economic development of Asian countries. It is in the best interest of Asian countries and international human resource development (HRD) professionals to develop an in-depth understanding of women entrepreneurs in Asia so that they can develop policies, strategies, and resources to support their development. Eight country studies on women entrepreneurs in Asia in this special issue revealed their motivations, challenges, and opportunities in their business start-ups and development. The findings would greatly contribute to an understanding of who women entrepreneurs in Asia are and how they are doing in entrepreneurship. The Solution The development of women entrepreneurs in Asia requires many scholars and practitioners to study, understand, and theorize before meaningful solutions can be enacted, which will have a lasting impact. This special issue of research on women entrepreneurs in eight Asian countries offers a glimpse of the emerging area of women entrepreneurship. HRD initiatives and expertise are needed to create unchartered possibilities for women entrepreneurs in Asia to succeed and sustain the development of their businesses. The Stakeholders This special issue is for entrepreneurs and HRD scholars and practitioners who are interested in entrepreneurship development, particularly in the development of women entrepreneurs in Asia.

Data, development, and growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Weber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Development Trajectories

AbstractEconomic development and growth theory have long grappled with the consequences of cross-border flows of goods, services, ideas, and people. But the most significant growth in cross-border flows now comes in the form of data. Like other flows, data flows can demonstrate imbalances among exports and imports. Some of these flows represent ‘raw’ data while others represent high-value-added data products. Does any of this make a difference in national economic development trajectories? This paper argues that the answer is yes. After reviewing the core logic of ‘high development theories’ from the twentieth century, I analyze the sometimes implicit applications of these arguments to data as they are evolving in the existing literature. I then put forward a different argument which takes better account of unique characteristics of the political economy that emerges at the intersection of data, machine learning, and the platform firms that use them. I explore the implications of this new argument for some policy choices that governments face with regard to data localization, import substitution, and other decisions relevant to growth in both advanced and emerging economies.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

Social-economic development of the Transcarpathian region: interregional and transboundary comparisons

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
Average Monthly Salary ◽  
Monthly Salary

In the article, a comparative interregional and cross-border assessment of socio-economic development of the Transcarpathian region is conducted. The results of the study are based on an analysis of the level and dynamics of such key indicators of economic and social development of the region as GRP per capita, employment rate, unemployment rate, average monthly salary, etc. According to the results of interregional comparisons, the low level of efficiency of the economy but the positive dynamics of some indicators of the labor market of the Transcarpathian region was revealed. In particular, among the regions of Ukraine in 2013-2017, the region was 22nd in terms of GRP per capita and 19th in terms of employment. At the same time, by unemployment, it rose from 15th in 2013 to 10th in 2018, and the average monthly wage ranged from 20th to 7th, respectively. Cross-border comparisons showed a significant lag behind the Transcarpathian region from the neighboring regions of Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary for all considered socio-economic indicators. Thus, in particular, according to the indicator of GRP per capita, this lag compared to the Kosice region (Slovakia) in 2017 was 11.4 times. The average monthly salary in Transcarpathian region is 4 times lower than in the neighboring Kosice and Presov regions of Slovakia and the Podkarpackie voivodship of Poland. The positive dynamics in the direction of reducing the above-mentioned gaps in the level of socio-economic development of the analyzed regions in 2017-2018 are revealed. In addition, a regional peculiarity has been identified – the Transcarpathian region and the regions it borders, lag substantially behind the countries they belong to by the level of socio-economic development. As a result, the conclusion is drawn that the results of the conducted inter-regional and transboundary assessment of the socio-economic development of the Transcarpathian region will facilitate the development of inter-regional and interstate programs and strategies for the development of the Carpathian transboundary region to eliminate the identified imbalances.

Digital printing technology and its application in packaging printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092199660
Author(s):  
Bo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Printing Machine

Today, with the increasingly rapid economic development and diversified consumer demands, the printing and publishing industry is also facing challenges and opportunities. Under this background, the emerging digital printing technology, which USES modern digital system to transmit graphic information to digital printing machine through network, has gradually become the core technical content of the printing field. Based on the emergence and characteristics of digital printing, this paper focuses on the application of digital printing technology in packaging printing, and predicts the future development trend of digital printing technology, hoping to help readers understand the knowledge of digital printing technology.

scholarly journals Global epidemiology and socio-economic development correlates of the reproductive ratio of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz P Breitling
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Background The most commonly cited argument for imposing or lifting various restrictions in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an assumed impact on the reproductive ratio of the pathogen. It has furthermore been suggested that less-developed countries are particularly affected by this pandemic. Empirical evidence for this is lacking. Methods Based on a dataset covering 170 countries, patterns of empirical 7-d reproductive ratios during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Time trends and associations with socio-economic development indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, physicians per population, extreme poverty prevalence and maternal mortality ratio, were analysed in mixed linear regression models using log-transformed reproductive ratios as the dependent variable. Results Reproductive ratios during the early phase of a pandemic exhibited high fluctuations and overall strong declines. Stable estimates were observed only several weeks into the pandemic, with a median reproductive ratio of 0.96 (interquartile range 0.72–1.34) 6 weeks into the analysis period. Unfavourable socio-economic indicators showed consistent associations with higher reproductive ratios, which were elevated by a factor of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.46), for example, in the countries in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of extreme poverty prevalence. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed for the first time description of the global patterns of reproductive ratios of a novel pathogen during pandemic spread. The present study reports the first quantitative empirical evidence that COVID-19 net transmissibility remains less controlled in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, even months into the pandemic. This needs to be addressed by the global scientific community as well as international politics.

scholarly journals Mapping the Market Segments for the Consumers of Greek Cooperative Food Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Ourania Tremma ◽  
Achilleas Kontogeorgos ◽  
Philippos Karipidis ◽  
Fotios Chatzitheodoridis
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Western Greece

The purpose of this study was to illustrate and understand how consumers of cooperative food products could be segmented in the region of Western Greece. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was undertaken involving almost 500 consumers in the selected region. Consumers were segmented on the basis of their consumption of cooperative products and in association with their attributes and beliefs regarding cooperatives’ products. Τhe performed cluster analysis grouped participants into four distinct groups with different characteristics and perceptions regarding cooperatives’ products. The consumer groups were called “skeptics”, “cooperative”, “passively sensitive”, and “indifferent”. According to the results, in general, participants considered cooperative food products as a safe choice with excellent value for money and contributing to the local society, economy, and sustainability. Segmentation could allow agricultural cooperatives to focus only on those segments of consumers that are willing to pay for cooperative products by allocating all available resources in serving them. The results of this research, even with its limitations, can help directors and marketing executives of agricultural cooperatives to better understand that operating in a specific market could be more effective when targeted at specific segments to help not only the viability of agricultural cooperatives but also their economic development and growth.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

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