THE BEST PRACTICES FOR THE LABOR ACTIVITY STIMULATING OF PERSONS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECT

В данной статье выявляется передовой опыт исправительных учреждений по применению методов мотивации трудовой деятельности осужденных для формирования предложений по распространению исследуемого передового опыта. В качестве предмета исследования рассматриваются методы деятельности исправительных учреждений ФСИН России по стимулированию трудовой деятельности осужденных, отбывающих наказания в виде лишения свободы. Исследована корреляционная зависимость уровня занятости осужденных от уровня обеспеченности рабочими местами и величины среднемесячной заработной платы, сделаны выводы о закономерностях в развитии отношения осужденных к труду, о необходимости совершенствовать методы привлечения их к труду и методы получения данных о передовом опыте в исследуемой сфере деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы. Выявлены территориальные органы ФСИН России - субъекты наиболее передового опыта применения методов привлечения осужденных к труду. Отмечено, что в этих органах методы материального стимулирования (как правило, премирование осужденных) сочетаются с методами морального стимулирования. Также отмечена допустимость количественного преобладания последних над материальными. В то же время указано на то, что в этих ТО ФСИН России должен происходить устойчивый рост уровня занятости осужденных (реально, как показывают данные, этого пока не происходит), уровня обеспеченности рабочими местами, уровня занятости рабочих мест и размера средней ежемесячной заработной платы осужденных. Успешность положительной динамики этих показателей связана авторами с наличием объективных факторов - количества рабочих мест на производствах в исправительных учреждениях, в том числе занятых осужденными, а также удельного веса занятых осужденных в их общем количестве. Указано на необходимость совершенствования средств мотивации осужденных к труду и методики исследования этого процесса. This article identifies the best practices of correctional institutions in the use of methods of motivating the work of convicts to form proposals for the dissemination of the studied best practices. The subject of the study is the methods of activity of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia to stimulate the labor activity of convicts serving sentences in the form of imprisonment. A large amount of empirical data obtained from the survey was processed. The correlation dependence of the level of employment of convicts on the level of job security and the value of the average monthly salary is investigated, conclusions are drawn about the regularities in the development of the attitude of convicts to work, the need to improve the methods of attracting them to work and methods for obtaining data on best practices in the field of activity of the penal system under study. The territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia - the subjects of the most advanced experience in the use of methods of attracting convicts to work-have been identified. It is noted that in these bodies, methods of material incentives (as a rule, bonuses for convicts) are combined with methods of moral incentives. The permissibility of the quantitative predominance of the latter over the material ones is also noted. At the same time, it is indicated that in these areas of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia there should be a steady increase in the level of employment of convicts (in reality, as the data show, this is not happening yet), the level of job security, the level of employment of jobs and the size of the average monthly salary of convicts. The success of the positive dynamics of these indicators is associated by the authors with the presence of objective factors - the number of jobs in production facilities in correctional institutions, including those occupied by convicts, as well as the proportion of employed convicts in their total number. It is pointed out that it is necessary to improve the means of motivating convicts to work and the methods of studying this process.

Hyper-altruistic behavior vanishes with high stakes

Using an incentivized experiment with statistical power, this paper explores the role of stakes in charitable giving of lottery prizes, where subjects commit to donate a fraction of the prize before they learn the outcome of the lottery. We study three stake levels: 5€ (n = 177), 100€ (n = 168), and 1,000€ (n = 171). Although the donations increase in absolute terms as the stakes increase, subjects decrease the donated fraction of the pie. However, people still share roughly 20% of 1,000€, an amount as high as the average monthly salary of people at the age of our subjects. The number of people sharing 50% of the pie is remarkably stable across stakes, but donating the the whole pie–the modal behavior in charity-donation experiments–disappears with stakes. Such hyper-altruistic behavior thus seems to be an artifact of the stakes typically employed in economic and psychological experiments. Our findings point out that sharing with others is a prevalent human feature, but stakes are an important determinant of sharing. Policies promoted via prosocial frames (e.g., stressing the effects of mask-wearing or social distancing on others during the Covid-19 pandemic or environmentally-friendly behaviors on future generations) may thus be miscalibrated if they disregard the stakes at play.

Obtaining predicted values of the demographic process using machine learning methods

Research and analysis of demographic processes play an important role in many areas. For this, the population size and key factors from 1994 to 2019 were selected on the statistical website of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Demographics were population size, fertility, mortality, divorce, and migration. The factors of the standard of living were the number of unemployed and the average monthly salary, while the medical factors were the hospital organizations, the number of hospital beds and the number of doctors of all specialties. In the course of regression analysis, a correlation was obtained and multicollinear factors were identified. We used four different machine learning models from the Scikit-Learn library to generate population estimates. Regression models were evaluated using the quality score. As a result, linear regression and random forest models performed well.

Current state of development of Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry

The article describes the current state of the domestic oil and gas industry. The volume of crude oil and natural gas production in the oil and gas industry is analyzed. The analysis of the gross output of natural gas and oil production, including gas condensate by region, is given and carried out. The number of employees in the main activity is given. The average monthly salary of employees in the main activity of the industry is determined.

What Are the Costs of Diagnostics and Treatment of Lyme Borreliosis in Poland?

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a growing epidemiological threat in many areas of the world, including North America and Europe. Due to the lack of effective protection against this disease, it seems important to ensure a timely diagnosis for effective treatment and the prevention of serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the costs of diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in Poland. The costs incurred for the medical payer were analyzed. The cost of hospitalization due to LB for one patient in 2018 was estimated to be ~582.39 EUR, which constituted 53.10% of the average monthly salary of that year. In the analyzed period (2008–2018), the number of people treated by medical services due to Lyme disease increased, both in hospitalization and ambulatory specialist care. Although, the costs of hospitalization were the highest of the two, we noticed a change ratio between hospitalization and ambulatory specialist care in favor of the latter.

Hyper-altruistic behavior vanishes with high stakes

Using a powered and incentivized experiment, this paper explores the role of stakes in charitable giving of lottery prizes, where subjects commit to donate a fraction of the prize before they learn the outcome of the lottery. We study three stake levels: 5€ (n = 177), 100€ (n = 168), and 1,000€ (n = 171). We find that individuals decrease the donated fraction of the pie as the stakes increase. However, people still share roughly 20% of 1,000€, an amount as high as the average monthly salary of people at the age of our subjects. We further report that the number of people sharing 50% of the pie is remarkably stable across stakes but donating the whole pie -the modal behavior in charity-donation experiments- disappears with stakes. Such hyper-altruistic behavior thus seems to be an artifact of the stakes typically employed in economic and psychological experiments. Our findings point out that sharing with others is a prevalent human feature, but stakes are an important determinant of sharing and policies frequently promoted via prosocial frames (such as stressing the effects of mask-wearing or social distancing on others during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic or environmentally-friendly behaviors on future generations) may thus be miscalibrated if they disregard the stakes at play.

MANAGEMENT OF CONSUMPTION OF BASIC FOODSTUFFS OF THE POPULATION OF LVIV REGION

Consumption of basic foodstuffs of the population is the important basis for ensuring human existence and vital activity. It is because of these circumstances that the implementation of management processes in this area is one of the important areas of human society. These are general areas of research on this topic. When choosing the topic of this publication, we limited ourselves to some components of this important problem, namely: annual consumption of food per capita, consumer prices for the main ones and their number, which could be purchased for an average monthly salary. employees in December of each selected year for the study. In processing the collected information, various research methods were used, among which special attention was paid to the dialogue method (its essence is that we form questions and answers are found in selected literature sources. As a result of such approaches in the research process As a result of these studies, it was found that consumer prices for food increased in the selected years much more intensively than the possibility of purchasing them for the average monthly salary of regular workers. As for the consumption of food per capita per year. Since 1990 and ending in 2019, is characterized by different levels of consumption of basic foodstuffs. These indicators usually depend on two factors: gross agricultural production, on the one hand, and the population, on the other, which is significantly decreased (starting from 19 90) as a result of migration of our citizens to the developed countries of the world in search of higher-paying work. Note that the most skilled and able-bodied workers migrate. To solve migration problems, it is proposed to develop a State Migration Program. With regard to increasing the number of purchases of food for the average monthly salary of full-time employees, priority should be given to raising wages and bring it in the near future to the level of the European Union, where Ukraine is heading. At the same time, it is necessary to gradually increase the salaries of employees, taking into account factors of both internal and external environment. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the ability of economic entities to increase wages, both in modern conditions and in the future. As for environmental factors, it is necessary to study and use the experience of developed countries. These problems should be solved gradually, systematically and comprehensively, taking into account the specific features of the domestic economy.

Methodical tools of establishing strategic trends of regional and industrial development of the city

To establish a framework of strategic trends of regional and industrial development of a city system it is necessary to estimate the competitiveness level of the city and its industries. The authors present a method of assessment of the city’s competitiveness, based on the analysis of potentials available: economics, finance, labour resources, infrastructure, social sphere, demography. The level of development of certain types of economic activity (C, D, E) was estimated by the indicators of labour productivity, employment by economic activity and average monthly salary. The authors have created the “competitiveness of the city – sectoral interaction” matrix for the municipal system of the region. As a result of practical approbation they introduce the framework of strategic priority trends of regional and sectoral development of municipal system in Belgorod region in 2020–2025.

Current state of development of Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry

The article describes the current state of the domestic oil and gas industry. The volume of crude oil and natural gas production in the oil and gas industry is analyzed. The analysis of the gross output of natural gas and oil production, including gas condensate by region, is given and carried out. The number of employees in the main activity is given. The average monthly salary of employees in the main activity of the industry is determined.

Trends in the development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine as precondition for the formation of differentiated measures of agricultural policy

The purpose of the article – is to determine of tends of agricultural enterprises development in Ukraine based on their seg-mentation on typical for the aims of the research groups and the establishment of the author’s assessment toolkit as one of the preconditions for the formation of differentiated measures of agricultural policy. Research methods. The dialectical method of cognition and systemic method of research of tendencies of agricultural enter-prises development as prerequisites for more substantiated formation of differentiated measures of agricultural policy are the theoretical basis of the article. The results of the research are obtained based on using such main methods as generalization and compare. Three the most significant groups of agricultural enterprises and component of the tools research have been determined based on generalization method. Using the comparison method, the analysis of the performance indicators of the subjects of these groups was carried out. Research results. Trends in the development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are considered, three characteristic groups of enterprises are distinguished: farms, conditionally medium agricultural enterprises, with a land use area of 10,000 hectares and large agricultural enterprises with a land use area of more than 10,000 hectares. Scientific novelty. The authors toolkit of research has been formed. It includes the next indicators: number enterprises in groups, the size of agricultural area, the number of employees in plant production and animal husbandry, land supply per employee, average monthly salary, gross output, income (revenue), income per 100 hectares of agricultural land and per employee, level of profitability in plant production and animal husbandry. Practical significance. The results of the article can be used for the elaboration of the differentiated measures of agricultural policy. Tabl.: 4. Refs.: 17.