Demographic Factors and Job Characteristics Associated With Burnout in Chinese Female Nurses During Controlled COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: To investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Chinese female nurses during the controlled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period and explore its associated socio-demographic factors and job characteristics.Methods: With the multistage, stratified sampling method, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted from September to October 2020 in China. The survey tool included revised Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with 15 items, socio-demographic and job characteristics. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate factor logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors for burnout of female nurses.Results: During controlled COVID-19 period in China, the overall prevalence of burnout symptoms among Chinese female nurses was 60.2% with a breakdown in severity as follows: 451 (39.8 %) mild, 163 (14.4%) moderate, and 68 (6.0%) severe burnout. Little variance was reported for burnout symptoms according to job tenure (Waldχ2 = 14.828, P < 0.05,odds ratio [OR] <1), monthly salary income (Waldχ2 = 12.460, P < 0.05, OR <1), and night shift (Waldχ2 = 3.821, P < 0.05, OR > 1).Conclusion: Burnout symptoms among Chinese female nurses were prevalent and associated with job tenure, monthly salary income, and night shift. Female nurses who were with shorter job tenure, worked at night shifts, and had lower monthly salaries tended to exhibit increasing high-level burnout than their counterparts. This study serves as an implication for administrators and policy-makers to improve the work conditions of nurses for promoting overall healthcare service quality.

Attitude Towards Electronic-Prescription and Associated Factors Among Physicians at University of Gondar Referral Hospital: Institution Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Electronic prescription is described by the United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as the broadcast utilizing electronic medium, of prescription or prescription-related information between prescriber, distributor, pharmacy benefit manager, or health plan, either openly or through an agent, including an electronic prescribing system. the aim of this study was designed to assess attitudes towards electronic prescription and associated factors among physicians at the University of Gondar referral hospital 2021. Gondar, Ethiopia.Methods: Hospital-based Cross-sectional study was used among (n=152) physicians who have involved with a response rate of 88.8%. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires from August 1 to September 1/2021. The collected data were entered into Epi-info Version 7.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics using frequency and other summary statistics were using present socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with dependent variables. Odds ratio (OR), with 95% CI and p value< 0.05 were computed to determine the level of significance.Results: Based on the operational definition the overall score of attitudes to an electronic prescription of physicians from the University of Gondar referral hospital was 76.8% [95% CI: 66.7-84.2]. Among the applicant variables for multivariable analysis two variables like age of the respondents [AOR: 2.48 (95% CL:1.055-5.830], and the monthly salary of the respondents [AOR: 8.29(95%CL: 3.002-22.89] had to have a significant association with electronic prescription.Conclusion and recommendation: The overall score of attitudes to the electronic prescription of physicians from the University of Gondar referral hospital was good. Age and a monthly salary of the respondents were significantly associated with an electronic prescription from the working organization university of Gondar referral hospital, and health care policymakers and hospital managers need to develop and institutionalize evidence-based widespread preparation of stakeholders especially prescribers and communications development earlier than its acceptance to build it doing well and victorious.

Employees’ Post-service Plans and Options in Nigeria

One of the greatest challenges that faced typical employees throughout their working life is life after retirement. Despite government roles at providing social security, retirement epoch has been a tension provoking and overwhelming phenomenon in Nigeria and other emerging economies of Africa, Asia and Latin America. A close observation of many retirees in Nigeria society and the problems they are facing draw the attention of all and sundry. These problems seem to range from sudden death, dwindling status, lack of occupation, loss of the usual monthly salary, decreased strength and deteriorated health condition, physical disabilities, aging and anxiety about a residential home. In Nigeria, the regular non-payment of pensions and gratuities benefits has brought untold hardship and sudden death to many retirees, thereby making retirement something that is dreaded by workers. This problem is further compounded to lack of planning and management of post-service epoch and conditions. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to identify and discusses strategies available for managing post-service condition in Nigeria. The paper calls on Nigerian workers to embrace one of the options to remain moderately productive and healthy after retirement. The paper suggests, among others, that both employers and government should undertake regular pre-retirement training for their workers in order to save the country the embarrassment of seeing their retirees going to early graves or turning into destitute on the streets.

THE BEST PRACTICES FOR THE LABOR ACTIVITY STIMULATING OF PERSONS SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT: ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECT

В данной статье выявляется передовой опыт исправительных учреждений по применению методов мотивации трудовой деятельности осужденных для формирования предложений по распространению исследуемого передового опыта. В качестве предмета исследования рассматриваются методы деятельности исправительных учреждений ФСИН России по стимулированию трудовой деятельности осужденных, отбывающих наказания в виде лишения свободы. Исследована корреляционная зависимость уровня занятости осужденных от уровня обеспеченности рабочими местами и величины среднемесячной заработной платы, сделаны выводы о закономерностях в развитии отношения осужденных к труду, о необходимости совершенствовать методы привлечения их к труду и методы получения данных о передовом опыте в исследуемой сфере деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы. Выявлены территориальные органы ФСИН России - субъекты наиболее передового опыта применения методов привлечения осужденных к труду. Отмечено, что в этих органах методы материального стимулирования (как правило, премирование осужденных) сочетаются с методами морального стимулирования. Также отмечена допустимость количественного преобладания последних над материальными. В то же время указано на то, что в этих ТО ФСИН России должен происходить устойчивый рост уровня занятости осужденных (реально, как показывают данные, этого пока не происходит), уровня обеспеченности рабочими местами, уровня занятости рабочих мест и размера средней ежемесячной заработной платы осужденных. Успешность положительной динамики этих показателей связана авторами с наличием объективных факторов - количества рабочих мест на производствах в исправительных учреждениях, в том числе занятых осужденными, а также удельного веса занятых осужденных в их общем количестве. Указано на необходимость совершенствования средств мотивации осужденных к труду и методики исследования этого процесса. This article identifies the best practices of correctional institutions in the use of methods of motivating the work of convicts to form proposals for the dissemination of the studied best practices. The subject of the study is the methods of activity of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia to stimulate the labor activity of convicts serving sentences in the form of imprisonment. A large amount of empirical data obtained from the survey was processed. The correlation dependence of the level of employment of convicts on the level of job security and the value of the average monthly salary is investigated, conclusions are drawn about the regularities in the development of the attitude of convicts to work, the need to improve the methods of attracting them to work and methods for obtaining data on best practices in the field of activity of the penal system under study. The territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia - the subjects of the most advanced experience in the use of methods of attracting convicts to work-have been identified. It is noted that in these bodies, methods of material incentives (as a rule, bonuses for convicts) are combined with methods of moral incentives. The permissibility of the quantitative predominance of the latter over the material ones is also noted. At the same time, it is indicated that in these areas of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia there should be a steady increase in the level of employment of convicts (in reality, as the data show, this is not happening yet), the level of job security, the level of employment of jobs and the size of the average monthly salary of convicts. The success of the positive dynamics of these indicators is associated by the authors with the presence of objective factors - the number of jobs in production facilities in correctional institutions, including those occupied by convicts, as well as the proportion of employed convicts in their total number. It is pointed out that it is necessary to improve the means of motivating convicts to work and the methods of studying this process.

Quality of Life in the Perspectives of Teachers in COVID 19 Pandemic Era: Implications for Funding Allocation for Faculty Well-being Initiatives

People all around the globe have been impacted by the COVID-19 global health crisis, which has led to severe mental and psychological health problems and a weakened overall sense of well-being. However, there is not a lot of information available regarding the effect of COVID-19 on Indian instructors. The objective of this research was to discover if COVID-19 impacts the professional teachers' quality of life (QoL) in India. The descriptive study that included 890 licensed teachers was the respondents of this cross-sectional approach. The primary instrument in this research was the COVID-19 Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL). Statistics used to evaluate the data included descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA to measure the effect of COVID-19 on the QoL of instructors. Results showed that it had a modest impact. COVID-19 impacted QoL differently depending on the program degree. The effect of COVID-19 on the patient's overall quality of life did not vary greatly according to age, sex, marital status, employment status, monthly salary, whether or not they had any COVID-19-related cases near their home, whether or not they knew anyone who had contracted or died from COVID-19, and whether or not they believed they were at risk. Teachers' mental health and quality of life must also be attended to, and supports must be offered to enable them to cope with the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research has added to the increasing body of literature on the pandemic's effect, making it an important source of data for future investigations.

Preventive behavior of Opisthorchiasis among people in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand

Background: Although we are in the era of the 21st-century, some people's lifestyles are still unchanged. People are still eating crude or undercooked fish, which puts them at risk for opisthorchiasis infection. This study aimed to measure knowledge and prevention behavior regarding opisthorchiasis among people resident in Ubon Ratchathani, the northeastern region of Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2nd October 2018 to 26th December 2018. The data was collected via a self-administered household survey using a systematic random sampling technique. Univariate and bivariate analyses such as the chi-square test were performed. SPSS version 16 was used to analyze the data, and the significance of less than 0.05 was considered. Results: Four hundred and fifteen households have completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were female (50.1%), aged 15-59 years old (75.3%), married (64.8%), had completed elementary school (46.3%), worked in agriculture (31.6%), and had a monthly salary of on average of 6,525 baht. Most of the respondents reported excellent behavior (94.2%) and good knowledge (80.5%) to prevent opisthorchiasis, respectively. However, there was no significant association between participants' characteristics and the related behavior to prevent opisthorchiasis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Despite efforts to educate the community, some people lack preventive knowledge and exhibit behavior associated with a higher risk of opisthorchiasis.

Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Cancer Incidence Risk, Cancer Staging, and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer under Universal Health Insurance Coverage in Taiwan

This study examined the impact of socioeconomic status on colorectal cancer risk, staging, and survival under the National Health Insurance (NHI) system in Taiwan. Monthly salary and education level were used as measures of socioeconomic status to observe the risk of colorectal cancer among individuals aged 40 years or above in 2006–2015 and survival outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer until the end of 2016. Data from 286,792 individuals were used in this study. Individuals with a monthly salary ≤Q1 were at a significantly lower incidence risk of colorectal cancer than those with a monthly salary >Q3 (HR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.74–0.85), while those with elementary or lower education were at a significantly higher risk than those with junior college, university, or higher education (HR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.06–1.31). The results show that socioeconomic status had no significant impact on colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis. Although salary was not associated with their risk of mortality, patients with colorectal cancer who had elementary or lower education incurred a significantly higher risk of mortality than those who had junior college, university, or higher education (HR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.07–1.77). Education level is a significant determinant of the incidence risk and survival in patients with colorectal cancer, but only income significantly impacts incidence risk.

Implementation Five-Construct Model to Determine Factors that Affect Customer Satisfaction in The Online Leathercraft Industry

This research uses a five-construct theoretical model as the basis for finding out what factors can satisfy customers in the online leathercraft industry. The questionnaire is based on this model, which is distributed through online channels and social media. There are 691 samples obtained and analyzed by looking at the demographic data and then correlation and regression analysis. The results obtained are that all hypotheses are accepted with factors that can satisfy customers: online shopping experience; external incentives; customer service; and security/privacy; and personal characteristics. For personal characteristics that can be used as factors, namely monthly salary and occupation. These five factors are recommended to be implemented by the online leathercraft industry to satisfy their customers.

A hálapénzzel kapcsolatos szokások a magyar egészségügyi szakdolgozók körében

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Magyarországon 2021. január 1-jétől a hálapénz minden formájának adása és elfogadása bűncselekmény, kivéve a legföljebb a minimálbér 5%-át (8370 forintot) elérő ajándékot. Míg a tilalmat az orvosok esetében jelentős béremelés kompenzálja, addig a szakdolgozók korábban is kevéssé vizsgált hálapénzjuttatásának helyzetére és megváltozására vonatkozóan alig vannak adatok. Célkitűzés: A szakdolgozói hálapénz 2020 végi kiinduló helyzetének feltárása és az új jogszabályi előírások becsülhető hatásainak vizsgálata a szakdolgozók által nyújtott információ alapján. Módszer: 2020 őszén 167 egészségügyi szakdolgozó kérdőíves felmérése történt meg a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központjában a hálapénzadás motivációinak, formáinak és körülményeinek, valamint összegének megismerése érdekében. Az eredményeket elsősorban leíró statisztikai formában elemeztük, különös tekintettel a műtéti, a belgyógyászati és a gyermekgyógyászati szakterületek között mutatkozó különbségekre; és összevetettük az új törvény hatására várható változásokkal. Eredmények: A 167 válaszadóból 93-an műtéti/operatív területen, 54-en belgyógyászati jellegű területen, 18-an pedig a gyermek/ifjúsági ellátásban dolgoznak. Mindegyik szakterületen megjelent a hála mellett a korrupciós célú juttatás, de ezzel és a hálapénzjelenséggel legkevésbé a gyermekgyógyászati terület volt érintett. A nagyobb értékű ajándék ritka, de a kisebb értékű rendszeresen alkalmazott juttatás. Egy hét benntartózkodás esetén a válaszadók átlagosan 10 851 forintot (36 USD) kaptak hálapénzként, míg egy-egy alkalommal 5326 forintot (18 USD). Az összegek – hasonlóan az orvosi hálapénzhez – jelentős eltérést mutattak az egyes területek között, a műtéti szakmákban pedig meghaladták az új törvényi korlátot. A magánellátásban kapott hálapénz kisebb arányú, a munkahelyen kívül átadott juttatás pedig kifejezetten ritka. Következtetés: A korrupciós célú hálapénz az egészségügyi szakdolgozói szférában ugyan jelen van, de nem jellemző. A szakdolgozóknak juttatott hálapénz büntetőjogi szankcionálását nem kompenzálja az orvosokéhoz hasonló béremelés. A pénzbeli juttatás ajándéktárgy formájában történő juttatása minden területen jelent veszteséget, a műtéti területen az értékben kifejezett veszteség is jelentősebb lehet. A büntetőeljárási fenyegetettség nem elegendő a magyarországi hálapénzrendszer megszüntetéséhez, további társadalompolitikai intézkedések szükségesek az egészségügyi dolgozók és a betegek attitűdjének megváltoztatásához. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(41): 1658–1668. Summary. Introduction: In Hungary, since January 1st, 2021, the giving and acceptance of all forms of informal payments constitute a crime, except for gifts of a value of no more than 5% of the minimal monthly salary. While in the case of physicians, a pay rise compensates the loss of revenue, we hardly have data on the nurses’ attitude in relation to the acceptance of informal payments. Objective: We intend to uncover the situation of informal payments at the end of 2020 and to examine the effects of the new legal regulation, based on information from nurses. Method: In the fall of 2020, we questioned 167 nurses in the Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center of the University of Szeged, Hungary, in order to highlight the motivations, forms, circumstances, and sums of informal payments. We analyzed the results by means of descriptive statistical methods, with special regard to the differences among surgical, internal medical and pediatric fields. We analyzed the results with a view to the new legal regulations. Results: Out of 167 respondents, 93 work in operative field, 54 in internal medical care, and 18 in pediatric care. Besides gratitude, corruption appeared in all the three fields, however, pediatric care was the least touched by corruption. Gifts of a higher value are rare, however, small gifts are common. The respondents received 10 851 HUF (i.e., 36 USD) as informal payment from in-patients after one week, while, occasionally, 5326 HUF (i.e., 18 USD). The sums – similarly to informal payments to physicians – vary from field to field in healthcare. In the surgical field, the sums surpassed the new legal limit. Informal payments are given in private healthcare more rarely than in public healthcare. Informal payments given outside the workplace hardly ever occur. Conclusion: The informal payment with the goal of corruption is present in the sphere of nurses, however, it is not typical. The criminal sanctioning of informal payments to nurses is not compensated by a pay rise similar to that of physicians. The fact that informal payments are substituted by gifts results in loss of revenue in all fields of healthcare, however, this loss is the most salient in the surgical field. The criminal sanctioning is not sufficient to eliminate informal payments in Hungary; further socio-political measures are to be taken with the goal to change the attitude of healthcare workers and patients. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(41): 1658–1668.

Como el ánima al cuerpo humano. Los pilotos reales de la Armada de Magallanes (1519-1522).

Los pilotos fueron pieza fundamental para el éxito de la gran aventura ultramarina encabezada por España y Portugal desde fines del siglo XV. En esta ocasión, nos ocupamos de los avezados tripulantes que participaron en la primera expedición a las Molucas (1519-1522) encomendada al portugués Hernando de Magallanes. Seis hombres gobernaban los cinco barcos de la armada de la Especiería –tres portugueses y otros tres castellanos- y todos tenían la consideración de pilotos de Sus Altezas, es decir, estaban permanentemente al servicio de la Corona y cobraban un salario mensual de la Casa de la Contratación. Sobre fuentes documentales, crónicas de la época y una bibliografía especializada ofrecemos en estas páginas una aproximación a sus recorridos biográficos. Pilots were a key factor in the success of the great maritime adventure lead by Spain and Portugal since the 15th century. This article focuses in one specific episode: the first expedition to the Molucca Islands (1519-1522) commended to the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan. Six men -three Portuguese and three from Castille- manned the five ships of the Armada de la Especiería. All of them were officially declared Pilots of their Royal Highnesses. As civil servants of the crown they perceived a monthly salary from the Casa de Contratación. On documentary sources, chronicles of the time and a specialized bibliography we offer in these pages an approach to his biographical journeys.