Biotechnology

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-132
Author(s):  
Qing-Ping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Reducing Energy

Biotechnology utilizes biological systems or living organisms to create, develop, or make products. This chapter reviews the current state of biotechnology and examines its future trends. Currently, biotechnology plays key roles in medicine, agriculture, and industry. In medicine, vaccines which still rely on biological systems for their production, are the best tools to prevent infectious diseases; antibodies and RNA/DNA probes have been crucial in detecting and treating diseases; and genetic editing and gene therapy is making it possible to treat hereditary diseases. In agriculture, biotechnology is generating crops that produce high yields and need fewer inputs, crops that need fewer applications of pesticides, and crops with enhanced nutrition profiles. In industry, biotechnology is being utilized in food processing, metal ore processing, the production of chemicals, and reducing energy consumption and pollution.

From many to one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Laukkonen ◽  
Heleen A Slagter
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Contemplative Science ◽  
Open Monitoring ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Brain

How profoundly can humans change their own minds? In this paper we offer a unifying account of meditation under the predictive processing view of living organisms. We start from relatively simple axioms. First, the brain is an organ that serves to predict based on past experience, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic. Second, meditation serves to bring one closer to the here and now by disengaging from anticipatory processes. We propose that practicing meditation therefore gradually reduces predictive processing, in particular counterfactual cognition—the tendency to construct abstract and temporally deep representations—until all conceptual processing falls away. Our Many- to-One account also places three main styles of meditation (focused attention, open monitoring, and non-dual meditation) on a single continuum, where each technique progressively relinquishes increasingly engrained habits of prediction, including the self. This deconstruction can also make the above processes available to introspection, permitting certain insights into one’s mind. Our review suggests that our framework is consistent with the current state of empirical and (neuro)phenomenological evidence in contemplative science, and is ultimately illuminating about the plasticity of the predictive mind. It also serves to highlight that contemplative science can fruitfully go beyond cognitive enhancement, attention, and emotion regulation, to its more traditional goal of removing past conditioning and creating conditions for potentially profound insights. Experimental rigor, neurophenomenology, and no-report paradigms combined with neuroimaging are needed to further our understanding of how different styles of meditation affect predictive processing and the self, and the plasticity of the predictive mind more generally.

Drug Utilization Studies – An Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini S ◽  
Ravichandran V ◽  
Saraswathi R ◽  
BK Mohanty ◽  
Dhanaraj S K
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Drug Utilization Studies ◽  
Drug Expenditures

 Aspire of the Drug Utilization Studies (DUS) is to appraise factors related to the prescribing, dispensing, administering and taking of medication, and it’s associated. Since the middle of twentieth century, interest in DUS has been escalating, first for market-only purposes, then for appraising the quality of medical prescription and comparing patterns of use of specific drugs. The scope of DUS is to evaluate the current state and future trends of drug usage, to estimate roughly disease pervasiveness, drug expenditures, aptness of prescriptions and adherence to evidence-based recommendations. The increasing magnitude of DUS as a valuable investigation resource in pharmacoepidemiology has been bridging it with other health allied areas, such as public health, rational use of drug, evidence based drug use, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics, eco-pharmacovigilance and pharmacogenetics.

A Hybrid Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Reducing Energy Consumption In The Cloud

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mostafa Abdulghafoor ◽  
Raed Abdulkareem Hasan ◽  
Zeyad Hussein Salih ◽  
Hayder Ali Nemah Alshara ◽  
Nicolae Tapus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Reducing Energy

Increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption in the pizza industry by the synergetic combination of cooking technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mastrascusa ◽  
Patricia Vázquez‐Villegas ◽  
José Ignacio Huertas ◽  
Esther Pérez‐Carrillo ◽  
Alejandro J. García‐Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reducing Energy

Reducing energy consumption in SDN-based data center networks through flow consolidation strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo da Silva Conterato ◽  
Tiago Coelho Ferreto ◽  
Fábio Rossi ◽  
Wagner dos Santos Marques ◽  
Paulo Silas Severo de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Center Networks ◽  
Through Flow ◽  
Reducing Energy

scholarly journals Peptides encoded by noncoding genes: challenges and perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Chuanbin Mao ◽  
Shanrong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Extracellular Stimuli ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Action Modes ◽  
Adjustment Mechanisms

AbstractIn recent years, noncoding gene (NCG) translation events have been frequently discovered. The resultant peptides, as novel findings in the life sciences, perform unexpected functions of increasingly recognized importance in many fundamental biological and pathological processes. The emergence of these novel peptides, in turn, has advanced the field of genomics while indispensably aiding living organisms. The peptides from NCGs serve as important links between extracellular stimuli and intracellular adjustment mechanisms. These peptides are also important entry points for further exploration of the mysteries of life that may trigger a new round of revolutionary biotechnological discoveries. Insights into NCG-derived peptides will assist in understanding the secrets of life and the causes of diseases, and will also open up new paths to the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Here, a critical review is presented on the action modes and biological functions of the peptides encoded by NCGs. The challenges and future trends in searching for and studying NCG peptides are also critically discussed.

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