The Power of Words

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-83
Author(s):  
Yvette D. Hyter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Power Of Words

Recently, speech, language, and hearing sciences (SLHS) programs became increasingly aware of structural racism, inequity, and injustice in the professions and world. Although a consistent experience for many people of color, this current reality requires scholars and educators to interrogate concepts and employ more transformative concepts fitting for this new era. Concepts are the basis of thought, essential for communication, necessary for building knowledge, and the building blocks of theory. Critical theory was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of five concepts used in SLHS. The concepts were analyzed keeping in mind the historical, political, and cultural influences on how the concepts are used and understood in SLHS. The analysis revealed that these concepts were typically not defined in SLHS literature, and without collective critical reflection, the continued use of those concepts could lead to inequities and/or exclusion. Suggestions for more equitable concepts are provided.

Too much policing: Why calls are made to defund the police

2021 ◽  
pp. 146247452110456
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Cobbina-Dungy ◽  
Delores Jones-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Police Training ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Primary Focus

The repeat use of fatal force against unarmed people of color has driven global protests against police violence and fueled criticism of policing as a mechanism for public safety. In the US, calls to abolish, transform, or reform policing have reemerged with a primary focus on the elimination of structural racism. In this essay, we contend that a two-tier policing problem exists. The first is the continued use of policing to enforce racial dominance through policing practices labeled as “proactive”. The second is contemporary “warrior-style” police training that normalizes the expectation of unquestioned compliance with police directives and authorizes police to use physical force in its absence. This dangerous combination results in over-policing the public generally and Black members of the public specifically. Select incidents are provided to support these claims. We conclude by expressing support for the call to reallocate portions of policing budgets toward other government and community-based structures that function to enhance the ability of people to survive and thrive rather than operate as mechanisms of pre-adjudication punishment and state-sanctioned coercion.

scholarly journals Chemical abundances in tidally disrupted globular clusters

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S266) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
D. Yong ◽  
J. Meléndez ◽  
K. Cunha ◽  
A. I. Karakas ◽  
J. E. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Abundance Variation

AbstractWe present abundance measurements in the tidally disrupted globular cluster NGC 6712. In this cluster, there are large star-to-star variations of the light elements C, N, O, F and Na. While such abundance variations are seen in every well-studied globular cluster, they are not found in field stars and indicate that clusters like NGC 6712 cannot provide many field stars and/or field stars do not form in environments with chemical-enrichment histories like those of NGC 6712. Preliminary analysis of NGC 5466, another tidally disrupted cluster, suggests little (if any) abundance variation for O and Na and the abundance ratios [X/Fe] are comparable to field stars at the same metallicity. Therefore, globular clusters like NGC 5466 may have been Galactic building blocks.

Biologically relevant arene ruthenium metalla-assemblies

CrystEngComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Complexes ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
New Era ◽  
Biologically Relevant

Arene ruthenium complexes have become popular building blocks for the preparation of metalla-assemblies with biological applications, opening a new era for arene ruthenium complexes.

scholarly journals Critiquing a Qualitative Study Using Tracy’s Big-tent Criteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Saud Saif Albusaidi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Critical Reflection

This paper critiques an article, which sheds light on the internationalisation of the curriculum. When classified within the main Western paradigms: positivism, interpretivism, critical theory and postmodernism, her article can be within the interpretivism. These paradigms are highlighted in this paper to engage the reader in critical reflection and to emphasise the differences between these paradigms. Big-tent markers, which are applied to evaluate the quality of qualitative research, are then critically implemented to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of that article in line with providing relevant suggestions.

LGBTQ+ Latino/a Young People’s Interpretations of Stigma and Mental Health: An Intersectional Minority Stress Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Schmitz ◽  
Brandon Andrew Robinson ◽  
Jennifer Tabler ◽  
Brett Welch ◽  
Sidra Rafaqut
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Gender Policing ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Social Prejudice

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ+) young people of color encounter interlocking systems of social prejudice and discrimination. However, little is understood about how subjective meanings of perceived structural stigma associated with multiple marginalized social statuses influence mental health. We document how perceived stigma can shape mental health inequalities among multiply marginalized individuals if they also encounter stigmatizing societal frameworks. Data come from in-depth interviews with 41 LGBTQ+ Latino/a young adults in the Rio Grande Valley collected from 2016 to 2017. Utilizing an intersectional minority stress framework, we qualitatively examine how young people conceptualize structural stigma, their multiple social locations (e.g., sexuality, gender, race/ethnicity, age), and their mental health. Findings highlight how LGBTQ+ Latino/a young adults experience structural racism, gender policing, and anti-LGBTQ+ religious messages in relation to their mental health. This study showcases the importance of an intersectional minority stress framework for documenting processes that can shape mental health inequalities.

Comparative Racialization: An Introduction

PMLA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Mei Shih
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
English Departments ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Henry Louis Gates ◽  
Metropolitan Universities ◽  
Comparative Racialization

In the Fall of 2004, members of the MLA committee on the Literatures of People of Color in the United States and Canada felt that it was time to assess the state of the study of race in literary studies as we approached the twenty-year anniversary of the publication of the seminal collection “Race,” Writing, and Difference (1986), edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., which contained contributions from some of the most important scholars of race. It may appear that studying race is now largely taken for granted in English departments and that we no longer need to place quotation marks around race to emphasize its constructedness. Many scholars, though, feel a deep sense of anxiety that the situation with regard to race may have been normativized and comfortably compartmentalized but not improved. Intellectual tokenism abounds, as do equivalences between phenotypes and fields of study, with notable exceptions in larger metropolitan universities. For those of us outside English departments, the situation has barely improved. Each discipline has its unique historical baggage, and some are more able to discard their baggage than others, while some have been placed under greater pressure to change. But the truth of the matter is that some are just plain unwilling to acknowledge the significance of race even as they strive to update their disciplines and expand into new areas. In the extensive field of literary studies, it is premature to state that race has arrived, and it is not at all certain that the relation between race and critical theory, so central to the Gates volume, is settled. To a large extent, critical theory continues to see race as exterior to it, transcendent of the theorizations and lived experiences of race. Even though South Asia-based postcolonial theory has geared us to the study of colonialism and its consequent postcolonial complexities, it has also long held a strongly ambivalent relation to race studies.

scholarly journals A Behavioral Analysis of Two Strategies to Eliminate Racial Bias in Police Use-of-Force

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mychal Machado ◽  
Ashley Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Behavior Analysts ◽  
Excessive Use Of Force

Structural racism is rooted in American social systems that were supposedly designed to promote our right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Social systems like policing, for example, are built on a foundation of discriminatory practices designed to disenfranchise Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). One of the most recent visible examples of racially-biased policing is the excessive use-of-force by officers toward BIPOC. In response, advocates, policy makers, and researchers have sought solutions. Police use-of-force reforms such as Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) and Implicit Bias Training (IBT) have become popular and are currently being applied in many police departments across the country. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of these reform strategies to reduce use-of-force is mixed, and further evaluations are needed to understand why these strategies are purported to be an effective solution. The purpose of the current review is to ignite future empirical evaluations of use-of-force reform. Following a summary of the research conducted to date on BWCs and IBT, we will conclude with a brief discussion of how behavior analysts might improve and foster strategies that are efficacious. Our ultimate goal is to leave the reader with an understanding of where the data have taken us thus far, and how behavior analysts and others can contribute to the reduction and eradication of the discriminatory practices present in policing and other social systems.

scholarly journals Addressing and Inspiring Vaccine Confidence in Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine R Marcelin ◽  
Talia H Swartz ◽  
Fidelia Bernice ◽  
Vladimir Berthaud ◽  
Robbie Christian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Differential Access

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed profound health inequities suffered by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). These manifested as differential access to testing early in the pandemic, rates of severe disease and death 2-3 times higher than White Americans, and now, significantly lower vaccine uptake compared with their share of the population affected by COVID-19. This article explores the impact of these COVID-19 inequities (and the underlying cause, structural racism) on vaccine acceptance in BIPOC populations, ways to establish trustworthiness of healthcare institutions, increase vaccine access for BIPOC communities, and inspire confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.

The Transformational Change Agent Equation

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-229
Author(s):  
Tamara C. Cheshire ◽  
Crystal D. Martinez-Alire ◽  
Vanessa Esquivido ◽  
Molly Springer
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Institutionalized Racism ◽  
Native Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Professors

As Native women professors, counselors, and administrators within higher education, the four authors will focus on transformational change within oppressive environments, addressing institutionalized racism stemming from a colonial history of education. The authors will discuss identified barriers including operating in an oppressive work environment which can sometimes render us invisible and silent for self-preservation, threats to our positions from taking a stand against racial or cultural inequity, and resisting assimilation strategies created by structural racism. It is important to share experiences with working in systematically oppressive environments and the covert ways in which Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) are transformational change agents, leaders against racial and cultural oppression.

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