Evolution and Future of the Marketing and Sustainability Linkage

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Sandra Lizzeth Hernández-Zelaya ◽  
Fernando Reyes-Reina ◽  
María Elena Rodríguez Benito
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Business Results ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Civil Economy ◽  
Marketing Approach

The pairing of sustainability and marketing has been around for several decades and has opened new standards in management and marketing. The main objective of this chapter is trifold: First, to shed some light on the distinctions between sustainability marketing and analogous terms; second, to review some of the criticisms that have arisen (i.e., greenwashing or green marketing myopia); finally, the authors offer a broader term for the marketing and sustainability link. The chapter will review the evolution of these concepts and present future directions of the sustainability and marketing linkage. Taking as a starting point theories that propose a new relationship between society and companies (civil economy, corporate citizenship) and the new paradigm of marketing, the authors also put forth a wholesome concept: civic marketing. This concept balances the two objectives expected in a marketing approach: positive business results and customer satisfaction in a sustainable economy.

The Decision of the General Meeting of Members in a Non-Public Business Company: Concept and Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-169
Author(s):  
V. K. Andreev ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kondratiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
State Register ◽  
Business Results ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
State Registration ◽  
A Company

Introduction. The article examines the features of holding general meetings of members in non-public business companies, in particular questions about the place of decisions of general meeting in the system of legal facts, their relationship with the deal and the contract. The ability to use digital technology in decision making. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based on an analysis of the norms of positive law, primarily the Civil Code and the Laws on Company Business. Results. The authors conclude that the starting point in the activities of a non-public business company is the acquisition and exercise of their civil rights and the fulfilment of duties, and not a legal relationship that includes civil rights and civil duties as a necessary element. In addition, the decision of a general meeting, despite having many features in common, is not a deal. The decision of a general meeting, acting as an act of individual regulation, is in fact an act of a legal entity, and not a decision of the business community. The authors proposed a classification of decisions of meetings of business entities, depending on the method of their adoption, the possibilities being: the unanimously adoption by all participants of the company; decisions of the meeting of members of a company being adopted by a majority, or a qualified majority, of votes; decisions of the meeting of members of a company to change its charter, reorganization and liquidation of the company, requiring state registration in the unified state register of legal entities. The decision of a general meeting can be made either in person or in absentia, or a combination of the two. The decision of the meeting adopted in absentia will be valid, despite the absence of any special document establishing the procedure for its adoption. Discussion and Conclusion. Decisions of general meetings are actions of participants in a business company concerning legal consequences, including civil rights and obligations, in cases specified by law, and binding on all persons entitled to participate in the meeting, as well as other persons, whether required by law or having some other involvement.

scholarly journals Toward Blockchain for Edge-of-Things: A New Paradigm, Opportunities, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Prabadevi B ◽  
N Deepa ◽  
Quoc-Viet Pham ◽  
Dinh C. Nguyen ◽  
Praveen Kumar Reddy M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Paradigm ◽  
Future Directions

Algorithmenkompatibles Verwaltungsrecht?

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
Margrit Seckelmann
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Legal Meaning ◽  
Automatic Decisions

Die Übersetzung von Recht in (Computer–)‌Code ist derzeit in aller Munde. Lawrence Lessigs berühmtes Diktum, „Code is Law“ wird neuerdings dahingehend reformuliert, dass „Law“ auch „Code“ sei, dass man bei der Rechtsetzung also zugleich seine rechentechnische Umsetzbarkeit mitzudenken habe. Einen Ansatzpunkt für eine derartige „Algorithmisierbarkeit“ von Recht bietet § 35a des Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetzes des Bundes, wonach „automatisierte“ Entscheidungen in bestimmten Fällen zugelassen werden. Ein aktuelles Papier des Fraunhofer FOKUS-Instituts unter dem Titel „Recht Digital“ denkt dieses weiter und suggeriert, man müsse nur die passenden, eindeutigen Ausdrücke finden, dann sei Recht gleichsam „programmierbar“. Aber genau hier stellt sich das Problem: Rechtssprache ist eine Multi-Adressaten-Sprache, also eine Sprache, die sich ebenso sehr an ein Fachpublikum wie an Laien (Bürgerinnen und Bürger) wendet. Sie ist zudem kontextabhängig. Der aktuelle Hype um den Begriff der „Algorithmisierung“ von Gesetzen verbirgt zudem, dass es sich hierbei um ein Grundproblem von Rechtssprache handelt, das in den 1960er bis 1980er Jahren unter den Paradigmata „Rechts-/Verwaltungsautomation“ oder Rechtskybernetik verhandelt wurde. Wie kann man sich also dem Problem der Kontextabhängigkeit von Recht unter dem neuen Paradigma der Algorithmisierung nähern? Im Beitrag über „Algorithmenkompatibles Verwaltungsrecht? Juristische und sprachwissenschaftliche Überlegungen zu einer ‚Standardisierung von Rechtsbegriffen‘“ werden verschiedene Zugänge zur Schaffung einer „algorithmenkonformen“ Rechtssprache vorgestellt. Letztlich aber vermögen es noch so ausgefeilte technische Methoden nicht, das Problem demokratischer Deliberation zu verdrängen – über die fundamentalen Fragen einer Algorithmisierung der Rechtssprache muss der unmittelbar demokratisch legitimierte Gesetzgeber entscheiden. „Kontext“ und „Text“ geraten insoweit in ein wechselseitiges Abhängigkeitsverhältnis. The translation of law into (computer) code seems to be currently on everyone’s lips. Lawrence Lessigs’ famous dictum “Code is Law” has recently been rephrased saying that “Law” was also “Code”. This means that the wording of laws should directly take their “computer implementability” into consideration. A starting point for those postulations can be seen in the (relatively) new section 35a of the (Federal) Administrative Prodecure Act (Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz), which allows “automatic” decisions in specific cases. A new paper of the Fraunhofer FOKUS institute takes this up and suggests that we have only to look for the appropriate, unambiguous term that corresponds with an unequivocal legal meaning. In doing so, law could be programmable. But this is exactly the point where the problem arises: laws have more than one addressee; they address lawyers as well as citizens (mostly laypeople). Furthermore, legal terminology is context dependent. The current hype regarding the “algorithmization” of legal terminology also hides the fact that this issue was – more or less – discussed once before under the paradigm “legal cybernetics” between 1960 and 1985. So how can we approach the problem of context-dependency of law under the new paradigm of algorithmization? In our contribution on “Algorithm-compatible administrative law? Legal and linguistic considerations concerning the ‘standardization’ of legal terminology”, we will introduce different approaches to safeguard the compatibility of law with computer technics. But how sophisticated a technical method can be: It is the democratically legitimised parliament that must make the fundamental decisions when it comes to an “algorithmization” of legal terminology, because there is no text without context.

scholarly journals Convolutional Extreme Learning Machines: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Richard Rodrigues ◽  
Sebastião Rogério ◽  
Judith Kelner ◽  
Djamel Sadok ◽  
Patricia Takako Endo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Research Area ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Learning Machine

Many works have recently identified the need to combine deep learning with extreme learning to strike a performance balance with accuracy especially in the domain of multimedia applications. Considering this new paradigm, namely convolutional extreme learning machine (CELM), we present a systematic review that investigates alternative deep learning architectures that use extreme learning machine (ELM) for a faster training to solve problems based on image analysis. We detail each of the architectures found in the literature, application scenarios, benchmark datasets, main results, advantages, and present the open challenges for CELM. We follow a well structured methodology and establish relevant research questions that guide our findings. We hope that the observation and classification of such works can leverage the CELM research area providing a good starting point to cope with some of the current problems in the image-based computer vision analysis.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Teknologi Informasi untuk Meningkatkan Pelayanan dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Lianna Sugandi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
College Success ◽  
College Education ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Business World ◽  
Education Today

In the current age of globalization there has been a new paradigm shift in the business world and has given rise to new demands on higher education institutions, it is caused by the development of competition which is characterized by interdependence of economic change and the development of information technology as the backbone of the process the business of a company. Competition in the world of college education today is increasingly heavy and important. Each college is required to have an added value in order to win the competition with other universities. The increasing public demand for formal education, especially higher education, makes college as a strategic sector that is expected to produce quality human resources. College success is largely determined by the quality of service provided, which can be identified service quality through customer satisfaction in this case are students and faculty. In order to improve customer satisfaction, to be able to compete in the era of globalization and alsoto provide bigger profit, then every university is doing a research to determine the factors that influence the information systems services to customer satisfaction.

Anatomy of Green Marketing

2014 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Elif Yolbulan Okan ◽  
Neva Yalman
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Green Product ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Political Economic

There has been much discussion since the late 1980s concerning “green” issues. Society is becoming increasingly concerned with the rapid depletion of the world's resources and the increasing rate that the environment is being polluted by our activities. Since environmental improvement and competitiveness are defined as the new paradigm for the world economy, green marketing has been one of the most popular topics in the business arena. This chapter aims to examine this concept from several different perspectives. The first section summarizes the evolution of the green marketing concept with the help of theoretical underpinnings. The criticisms regarding green marketing are also discussed. The second section investigates green consumer behavior. In order to position green product offerings, companies need to understand the characteristics and buying patterns of different segments of the green consumer. This section helps to identify the Turkish green consumer. The language and appeals used in environmental communication are very important in changing attitudes. Thus, the third section focuses on the effectiveness of green messages. In the last part of the chapter, the Gezi Park protests from Turkey are examined as an important case with political, economic, social and international impacts as well as its triggering effect of leading to mindful consumption. This chapter explores existing literature on an interest provoking subject--green marketing--as well as integrating theoretical concepts with a recent social event from an emerging market with a case study approach.

Why Do Companies Engage in Green Marketing?

2019 ◽  
pp. 797-820
Author(s):  
Özge Kirezli ◽  
Melis Kaytaz Yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Business World ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Marketing Strategic ◽  
Marketing Approach

In recent years, consumers and the business world have deemed environmental issues to be more important, and green marketing has become a competitive advantage involved in corporate strategies. This chapter aims to study the concept of green marketing in the business world. First, according to literature, evolving green marketing definitions are described in detail, and the importance of green marketing approach it assessed. Then, since green marketing approach must be integrated with corporate strategies, four green marketing strategic models are presented and discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications for green marketing of motivating factors such as pressure from consumers, NGOs and environmental organizations, legislative authorities, cost and profit considerations and competition between companies.

Why Do Companies Engage in Green Marketing?

2017 ◽  
pp. 105-135
Author(s):  
Özge Kirezli ◽  
Melis Kaytaz Yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Business World ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Marketing Strategic ◽  
Marketing Approach

In recent years, consumers and the business world have deemed environmental issues to be more important, and green marketing has become a competitive advantage involved in corporate strategies. This chapter aims to study the concept of green marketing in the business world. First, according to literature, evolving green marketing definitions are described in detail, and the importance of green marketing approach it assessed. Then, since green marketing approach must be integrated with corporate strategies, four green marketing strategic models are presented and discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications for green marketing of motivating factors such as pressure from consumers, NGOs and environmental organizations, legislative authorities, cost and profit considerations and competition between companies.

Youth gambling: A public health perspective

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Messerlian ◽  
Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Youth Gambling ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Support Research

Over the last decade research in the area of youth gambling has led to a better understanding of the risk factors, trajectories and problems associated with this behaviour. At the same time, governments have begun to recognize the importance of youth gambling and have offered to support research and treatment programs. Yet, public health and prevention in the realm of youth gambling has only recently drawn the attention of researchers and health professionals. Early work by Korn and Shaffer (1999) set the groundwork for a public health approach to gambling. This paper attempts to apply health promotion theory to youth gambling and describes a conceptual framework and model. Strategies focus on addressing risk and protective factors through community mobilization, health communication, and policy development. It is anticipated that this paper will provide future directions and serve as a starting point for addressing youth gambling issues from this new perspective.

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