Preparation of Nanoemulsion

2022 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Elaine Elaine ◽  
Kar Lin Nyam
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Processing Variables

Nanoemulsion is a versatile emulsion-based delivery system that can be structured or prepared with different compositions, methods, or processing variables. Although single nanoemulsion has been a promising delivery carrier in numerous industries, the innovation of double nanoemulsion is introduced to provide different benefits. However, the nanoemulsion must be optimized in terms of the composition and emulsification methods to maintain the integrity of the delivery system. Therefore, the optimization of nanoemulsion can range from deciding the type and concentration of compositions (aqueous, lipid, surfactants) to the processing conditions during emulsification. The current options of emulsification methods, processing parameters, and optimization process of nanoemulsion are highlighted and elaborated in this chapter. This allows readers to understand the fundamental principles of nanoemulsion preparation and encourage future studies and applications in the related field.

scholarly journals Binary Self-Assembly of Nanocolloidal Arrays using Concurrent and Sequential Spin Coating Techniques

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Shih-Jyun Shen ◽  
Demei Lee ◽  
Yu-Chen Wu ◽  
Shih-Jung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
The Self ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Polystyrene Spheres ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Spin Coater

This paper reports the binary colloid assembly of nanospheres using spin coating techniques. Polystyrene spheres with sizes of 900 and 100 nm were assembled on top of silicon substrates utilizing a spin coater. Two different spin coating processes, namely concurrent and sequential coatings, were employed. For the concurrent spin coating, 900 and 100 nm colloidal nanospheres of latex were first mixed and then simultaneously spin coated onto the silicon substrate. On the other hand, the sequential coating process first created a monolayer of a 900 nm nanosphere array on the silicon substrate, followed by the spin coating of another layer of a 100 nm colloidal array on top of the 900 nm array. The influence of the processing parameters, including the type of surfactant, spin speed, and spin time, on the self-assembly of the binary colloidal array were explored. The empirical outcomes show that by employing the optimal processing conditions, binary colloidal arrays can be achieved by both the concurrent and sequential spin coating processes.

Sintering Densification in Fabrication of Particle Reinforced Ceramic

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1194-1197
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Processing Variables

Particle reinforced ceramics can be fabricated by a variety of methods, some of which have their origins in early civilization. The key objective of sintering studies is therefore to understand how the processing variables influence the microstructure evolution. In this way, useful information can be provided for the practical effort of designing processing conditions for producing the required microstructure.

Microscale Thermoplastic Forming of Bulk Metallic Glasses: Numerical Simulations and Experiments

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Henann ◽  
Lallit Anand
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Bulk Metallic Glasses ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hot Embossing ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Thermoplastic Forming

An extremely promising microscale processing method for bulk metallic glasses called thermoplastic forming has emerged in recent years. However, most of the recent experimental thermoplastic forming studies have been conducted by trial-and-error. In this paper, the large-deformation constitutive theory of Henann and Anand [1] is used as a numerical simulation tool for the design of micro-hot-embossing processes. This numerical simulation capability is used to determine appropriate processing parameters in order to carry out several successful micron-scale hot-embossing operation on the metallic glass Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vitreloy-1). By carrying out the corresponding physical experiments, it is demonstrated that microscale features in Vitreloy-1 may be accurately replicated under the processing conditions determined by use of the numerical simulation capability.

scholarly journals Effects of Ball Milling Processing Conditions and Alloy Components on the Synthesis of Cu-Nb and Cu-Mo Alloys

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuekun Shang ◽  
Xitao Wang ◽  
Silian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Cold Welding ◽  
Immiscible Alloys ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Milling Method

The effects of processing parameters in ball milling and the different behaviors of Cu-Nb and Cu-Mo alloys during milling were investigated. High powder yields can be obtained by changing the BPR value and ball size distribution and no clear dependence of BPR value on powder yield can be found from the experiment results. The addition of oxygen can largely reduce the effect of excessive cold welding during ball milling. A “two-step” ball milling method was introduced to evaluate the different evolution processes and morphologies in different alloys. With 8 h pre-milling, this method considerably benefits the oxidation process of Mo and shows its promising potential in the synthesis of immiscible alloys. Based on the experiment results and analysis, we suggest that the different behaviors of Cu-Nb and Cu-Mo alloys are related to the shear modules and different tendencies to be oxidized.

Influence of Deposition Processing Conditions on Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film for Solar Cells on Ceramic Substrates

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Li ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Zhi Jian Wan ◽  
Hou Xing Zhang ◽  
Y. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Silicon Solar Cell ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Silicon Thin Film ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Al2o3 Ceramic ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Deposition Conditions

Various polycrystalline silicon thin films were deposited on Al2O3 ceramic substrates by RTCVD processing under different deposition conditions. The influence of deposition conditions on thin film quality was studied and a set of typical processing parameters were obtained, which would direct the RTCVD processing of thin film silicon solar cell technique.

Influence of Processing Parameters on Surface Roughness in Micro Mill-Grinding Aluminium Alloy 6061

2014 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 495-499
Author(s):  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Xue Long Wen ◽  
Guo Qiang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Micro Milling ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Alloy 6061 ◽  
Better Than

Orthogonal experiments of micro mill-grinding were conducted on aluminium alloy 6061. Electroplated CBN compound tools were used in machining. Surface topography and roughness of the machined workpieces were measured and analyzed. Influence rules of radial cutting depth,feed rate and spindle speed on surface roughness in micro mill-grinding were studied. The results were compared with those in micro milling. It shows that the influence rules of processing parameters on surface roughness in micro mill-grinding are approximately same with those in micro milling. And in the same processing conditions, the surface roughness of micro mill-grinding is better than that of micro milling. The minimum value of surface roughness Ra of micro mill-grinding is 0.609μm in the experiments.

Microscale Thermoplastic Forming of Bulk Metallic Glasses: Numerical Simulation and Experiments

2007 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Henann ◽  
Lallit Anand
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Bulk Metallic Glasses ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hot Embossing ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Thermoplastic Forming

AbstractAn extremely promising microscale processing method for bulk metallic glasses called thermoplastic forming has emerged in recent years. However, most of the recent experimental thermoplastic forming studies have been conducted by trial-and-error. In this paper, we use the large-deformation constitutive theory of Henann and Anand [1] as a numerical simulation tool for the design of a micro-hot-embossing process. This numerical simulation capability is used to determine appropriate processing parameters in order to carry out a successful micron-scale hot-embossing operation on the metallic glass Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vitreloy-1). By carrying out a corresponding physical experiment, we demonstrate that micron-scale features in Vitreloy-1 may be accurately replicated under the processing conditions determined by use of the numerical simulation capability.

scholarly journals Modeling Single-Screw Extrusion Processing Parameters and Resulting Extrudate Properties of DDGS-Based Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Feeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferouz Y. Ayadi ◽  
Parisa Fallahi ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater ◽  
Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Single Screw

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: 115%;">A single-screw laboratory extruder was used to conduct an L<sub>18</sub> (2<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>´ 3<sup>6</sup>) Taguchi fractional factorial study of aquafeed processing. The ingredients were based on a formulation for nutritionally-balanced Nile tilapia diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal as the main protein sources, in addition to constant amounts of corn flour, whey, and fishmeal. The effects of three levels of DDGS (20, 30 and 40%), soybean meal (30, 40 and 50%), ingredient moisture content (20, 30 and 40% db), screw speed (100, 150 and 200 rpm), die dimension (L/D ratios of 5, 9 and 13), barrel temperature (80-100-100°C, 80-120-120°C and 80-140-140°C) and two levels of screw configuration (compression ratios of 2:1 and 3:1) on extrudate physical properties (moisture content, water activity, bulk density, unit density, expansion ratio, pellet durability index, water absorption and solubility indices, water stability, color) and extruder processing parameters (resulting temperatures, die pressure, extruder torque, mass flow rate, apparent viscosity, and specific mechanical energy) were determined. Data from raw materials, processing conditions, and extrudate properties were used to develop surface response curves and equations. However, predominantly low R<sup>2</sup> values (&lt; 0.5) only permitted linear relationships between some independent parameters and response variables. Regarding main effects, die pressure significantly decreased with higher DDGS levels, moisture content, temperature, lower die L/D, and higher screw compression. Expansion ratio decreased significantly with higher moisture content and lower die L/D. Significant differences in color were caused by changes in DDGS levels and moisture content. In summary, DDGS, moisture content, die dimension, and extrusion conditions had the biggest impact on most of the extrudate physical properties and processing conditions. Different combinations of these independent factors can be used to achieve desired extrudate physical properties and processing conditions.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

Effect of Processing Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Nano Bioceramic

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueran Liu ◽  
Ahmed R. El-Ghannam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties

Silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) has a superior bone regenerative capacity and resorbability when compared to hydroxyapatie (HA) and bioactive glass [1–2]. Synthesis of SCPC bioceramics with superior mechanical properties has been an important and challenging issue. Ideally, the mechanical strength of the orthopedic implantat should be comparable to that of the host-bone in order to provide structural support and minimize stress shielding. The compressive strength of trabecular bone ranges from 2–12 MPa and that of cortical bone varies in the range of 100–230 MPa [3]. The aim of the present study is to study the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of SCPC cylinders prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The mechanical properties were correlated to the microstructure of SCPC prepared under different processing conditions.

scholarly journals Powder Properties and Processing Conditions Affecting Cold Spray Deposition

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Silvello ◽  
Pasquale Daniele Cavaliere ◽  
Vicente Albaladejo ◽  
Ana Martos ◽  
Sergi Dosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Spray ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Spraying Parameters ◽  
Cold Spray Coating ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Powder Properties

The cold spray coating properties and performances are largely affected by feedstock characteristics and the employed processing parameters. Starting from experimental results obtained from the bibliographic data, the relationships between starting particles, processing conditions, and coating properties obtained by cold gas spray were analyzed. The relationships among these properties and particle velocity were described for various material systems. The effect on particle flattening, hardness, and porosity were largely described. Finally, the influence of the different parameters on the process output and on the coating properties was analytically defined through the employment of the multi-objective simulation tool modeFRONTIER. The analysis of data from the bibliography is a new trend that can also be applied to cold spray in order to analyze the effect of powder properties and spraying parameters on the cold spray (CS) process.

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