scholarly journals Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Archaea ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Schiraldi ◽  
Mariateresa Giuliano ◽  
Mario De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Extreme Halophiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
The Subject

Many archaea colonize extreme environments. They include hyperthermophiles, sulfur-metabolizing thermophiles, extreme halophiles and methanogens. Because extremophilic microorganisms have unusual properties, they are a potentially valuable resource in the development of novel biotechnological processes. Despite extensive research, however, there are few existing industrial applications of either archaeal biomass or archaeal enzymes. This review summarizes current knowledge about the biotechnological uses of archaea and archaeal enzymes with special attention to potential applications that are the subject of current experimental evaluation. Topics covered include cultivation methods, recent achievements in genomics, which are of key importance for the development of new biotechnological tools, and the application of wild-type biomasses, engineered microorganisms, enzymes and specific metabolites in particular bioprocesses of industrial interest.

scholarly journals Prokaryotic Diversity from Extreme Environments of Pakistan and its Potential Applications at Regional Levels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raees Khan ◽  
Muhammad Israr Khan ◽  
Amir Zeb ◽  
Nazish Roy ◽  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Prokaryotic Diversity ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

AbstractExtremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources for practicing novel biotechnological processes. Pakistan homes a wide spectrum of extreme environments which harbor various biotechnologically significant microorganisms. This review gauges the structural and functional bacterial diversity of several extreme environments, emphasizing their potentials as a source of extremozymes, and in bioleaching, bioremediation, and bioenergy production at regional level. Further, this review highlights a panoramic account of the local natural conservatories of extremophiles. The inadequacies of current fragmental research are discussed with suggestions to quantitatively define the structural and functional diversity of unexplored extreme localities.

Industrial Applications of Enzymes From Extremophiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 207-232
Author(s):  
Prashant Satishbhai Arya ◽  
Shivani Maheshkumar Yagnik ◽  
Rakeshkumar Ramanlal Panchal ◽  
Kiransinh Narendrasinh Rajput ◽  
Vikram Hiren Raval
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Area Of Application

Extremophilic microorganisms have developed a variety of molecular tactics to exist in extreme environments. Researchers are fascinated by extremophiles and unearth various enzymes from these fascinating microbes. Extremozymes are astonishing biocatalysts with distinctive properties of catalysis and stability under a multitude of daunting conditions of salt, pH, organic solvents, and temperature, which open up new possibilities for biocatalysis and biotransformation and outcompetes mesophilic counterparts. Biotechnological implications include simple, immobilized, as well as whole-cell applications. Stability in organic solvents adds to the asymmetric catalysis and thereby exemplifies the applicability of extremozymes and in fostering biobased economies. Marine, cold-adapted enzymes, and those that help in the removal of a toxic hazardous substance from the environment are obvious choices for food industries and bioremediation. The major area of application and research emphasis includes textile, detergents, food, dairy, agriculture, and environmental remediation.

scholarly journals Properties and Applications of Extremozymes from Deep-Sea Extremophilic Microorganisms: A Mini Review

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jin ◽  
Yingbao Gai ◽  
Xun Guo ◽  
Yanping Hou ◽  
Runying Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Agricultural Food

The deep sea, which is defined as sea water below a depth of 1000 m, is one of the largest biomes on the Earth, and is recognised as an extreme environment due to its range of challenging physical parameters, such as pressure, salinity, temperature, chemicals and metals (such as hydrogen sulphide, copper and arsenic). For surviving in such extreme conditions, deep-sea extremophilic microorganisms employ a variety of adaptive strategies, such as the production of extremozymes, which exhibit outstanding thermal or cold adaptability, salt tolerance and/or pressure tolerance. Owing to their great stability, deep-sea extremozymes have numerous potential applications in a wide range of industries, such as the agricultural, food, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. This enormous economic potential combined with recent advances in sampling and molecular and omics technologies has led to the emergence of research regarding deep-sea extremozymes and their primary applications in recent decades. In the present review, we introduced recent advances in research regarding deep-sea extremophiles and the enzymes they produce and discussed their potential industrial applications, with special emphasis on thermophilic, psychrophilic, halophilic and piezophilic enzymes.

scholarly journals Yeast α-L-Rhamnosidase: Sources, Properties, and Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Pratiksha Singh ◽  
Mohini Prabha Singh ◽  
Pooja Nikhanj ◽  
Param Pal Sahota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Citrus Juices ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Yeasts have been used for the heterologous production of a range of enzymes. However, α-L-rhamnosidase production in yeasts as well as its vast potential for biotechnological processes is less reported. α-L-Rhamnosidase is one of the important biotechnologically attractive enzymes in several industrial and biotechnological processes. In food and agriculture industries, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of hesperidin to release L-rhamnose and hesperidin glucoside, industrial removal of bitterness from citrus juices caused by naringin, and enhancing aroma in grape juices and derived beverages. In pharmaceutical and chemical industries, this enzyme is used in the structural determination of polysaccharides, glycosides and glycolipids, metabolism of gellan, conversion of chloropolysporin B to chloropolysporin C, and production of prunin. Rhamnosidases are extensively distributed in fungi and bacteria while their production from yeast sources is less reported. Yeast rhamnosidase is very important as it is produced in short-duration fermentation, with enhanced shelf life, high thermal stability, capable of retaining juice flavor, and is non-toxic for human consumption. In this review, an attempt has been made to fill up this gap by focusing on production, purification, characterization, structural and molecular biological studies of yeast rhamnosidase and its potential biotechnological applications. Keywords: Industrial applications, Naringin, Rhamnosidase, Yeast

scholarly journals Prokaryotic Diversity from Extreme Environments of Pakistan and its Potential Applications at Regional Levels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAEES KHAN ◽  
Muhammad Israr Khan ◽  
Amir Zeb ◽  
Nazish Roy ◽  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Prokaryotic Diversity ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

Extremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources for practicing novel biotechnological processes. Pakistan homes a wide spectrum of extreme environments which harbor various biotechnologically significant microorganisms. This review gauges the structural and functional bacterial diversity of several extreme environments, emphasizing their potentials as a source of extremozymes, and in bioleaching, bioremediation, and bioenergy production at regional level. Further, this review highlights a panoramic account of the local natural conservatories of extremophiles. The inadequacies of current fragmental research are discussed with suggestions to quantitatively define the structural and functional diversity of unexplored extreme localities.

Momordica balsamina L.: An Appraisal on Morphology, Ecological Diversity, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Biotechnological Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed Sabiu ◽  
Christiana Eleojo Aruwa ◽  
Viresh Mohanlall ◽  
Himansu Baijnath
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Background: Momordica balsamina L. is a monoecious climbing vine and perennial herb native to the tropical regions of Asia, Arabia and the Caribbean, and with prominent presence in Nigeria, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland and Southern African provinces. While evidence of its anecdotal usage as medicine exist, scientific reports complementing the claims are still emerging or at their infancy. Objective: This review appraised the morphology, therapeutic and biotechnological significance of M. balsamina. Method: Online resources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and MeSH were utilized for literature search and included relevant information from inception till May 2020 to streamline sought outcomes for in-depth discussion. Results: The data gathered and considered worthy of inclusion in this study revealed that M. balsamina is rich in phytonutrients of medicinal significance with cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, balsamin and momordins well characterized and fully elucidated. These compounds and other novel bioactive agents in M. balsamina have found remarkable pharmacological relevance and could further be harnessed for use against several debilitating human disorders. Conclusion: The potential applications of M. balsamina as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agent should not be undermined. Also, with the inadequate toxicological data on this wild species, its consumption should be with caution and translational studies that could advance scientific knowledge and aid better understanding of both its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics without sidelining its potent biotechnological applications are highly encouraged. It is hoped that this paper will provide baseline information that could serve as a guide and inspiration for further studies on the prospects of M. balsamina.

scholarly journals From Supply Chain 4.0 to Supply Chain 5.0: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review and Research Directions

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Guilherme F. Frederico
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Strategy Innovation ◽  
Transition Issues

The main purpose of this paper is to present what the Industry 5.0 phenomenon means in the supply chain context. A systematic literature review method was used to get evidence from the current knowledge linked to this theme. The results have evidenced a strong gap related to Industry 5.0 approaches for the supply chain field. Forty-one (41) publications, including conference and journal papers, have been found in the literature. Nineteen (19) words, which were grouped in four (4) clusters, have been identified in the data analysis. This was the basis to form the four (4) constructs of Industry 5.0: Industry Strategy, Innovation and Technologies, Society and Sustainability, and Transition Issues. Then, an alignment with the supply chain context was proposed, being the basis for the incipient Supply Chain 5.0 framework and its research agenda. Industry 5.0 is still in an embryonic and ideal stage. The literature is scarce and many other concepts and discoveries are going to emerge. Although this literature review is based on few available sources, it provides insightful and novel concepts related to Industry 5.0 in the supply chain context. Moreover, it presents a clear set of constructs and a structured research agenda to encourage researchers in deploying further conceptual and empirical works linked to the subject herein explored. Organizations’ leadership, policymakers, and other practitioners involved in supply chains, and mainly those currently working with Industry 4.0 initiatives, can benefit from this research by having clear guidance regarding the dimensions needed to structurally design and implement an Industry 5.0 strategy. This article adds valuable insights to researchers and practitioners, by approaching the newest and revolutionary concept of the Industry 5.0 phenomenon in the supply chain context, which is still an unexplored theme.

scholarly journals MetR-Regulated Vibrio cholerae Metabolism Is Required for Virulence

mBio ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Bogard ◽  
Bryan W. Davies ◽  
John J. Mekalanos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mouse Intestine

ABSTRACTLysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are the largest, most diverse family of prokaryotic transcription factors, with regulatory roles spanning metabolism, cell growth and division, and pathogenesis. Using a sequence-defined transposon mutant library, we screened a panel ofV. choleraeEl Tor mutants to identify LTTRs required for host intestinal colonization. Surprisingly, out of 38 LTTRs, only one severely affected intestinal colonization in the suckling mouse model of cholera: the methionine metabolism regulator, MetR. Genetic analysis of genes influenced by MetR revealed thatglyA1andmetJwere also required for intestinal colonization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of MetR and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed interaction with and regulation ofglyA1, indicating that misregulation ofglyA1is likely responsible for the colonization defect observed in themetRmutant. TheglyA1mutant was auxotrophic for glycine but exhibited wild-type trimethoprim sensitivity, making folate deficiency an unlikely cause of its colonization defect. MetJ regulatory mutants are not auxotrophic but are likely altered in the regulation of amino acid-biosynthetic pathways, including those for methionine, glycine, and serine, and this misregulation likely explains its colonization defect. However, mutants defective in methionine, serine, and cysteine biosynthesis exhibited wild-type virulence, suggesting that these amino acids can be scavenged in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that glycine biosynthesis may be required to alleviate an in vivo nutritional restriction in the mouse intestine; however, additional roles for glycine may exist. Irrespective of the precise nature of this requirement, this study illustrates the importance of pathogen metabolism, and the regulation thereof, as a virulence factor.IMPORTANCEVibrio choleraecontinues to be a severe cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Identification ofV. choleraefactors critical to disease progression offers the potential to develop or improve upon therapeutics and prevention strategies. To increase the efficiency of virulence factor discovery, we employed a regulator-centric approach to multiplex our in vivo screening capabilities and allow whole regulons inV. choleraeto be interrogated for pathogenic potential. We identified MetR as a new virulence regulator and serine hydroxymethyltransferase GlyA1 as a new MetR-regulated virulence factor, both required byV. choleraeto colonize the infant mouse intestine. Bacterial metabolism is a prerequisite to virulence, and current knowledge of in vivo metabolism of pathogens is limited. Here, we expand the known role of amino acid metabolism and regulation in virulence and offer new insights into the in vivo metabolic requirements ofV. choleraewithin the mouse intestine.

scholarly journals Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamou Diallo ◽  
Servé W. M. Kengen ◽  
Ana M. López-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sporulation Initiation ◽  
Solventogenic Clostridia

AbstractThe Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

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