Can Community Resilience to Disaster Be Taught?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Bernard Anthony Jones
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
Past Experiences

The field of resilience is multifaceted and diverse. The foundations of resilience research are embedded in psychology; however, in recent years, the concept has been adopted in many other areas. Moreover, resilience has become more prevalent in disaster response literature but is somewhat confusing in the different ways it is defined and applied. This paper attempts to clarify resilience and interest in developing dialogue about better ways to assist those who deal with tragedy and disaster. If we as a society want to survive, recover, and thrive in the aftermath of disaster and/or traumatic events, we need to start with assisting individuals and organizations in understanding resilience. We need to assist them in tapping into past experiences while enhancing their traits and characteristics for better future resilience. Hence, this paper seeks to address how community resiliency to disasters be taught.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Analysis of the Spontaneous Volunteer Response to the 2013 Sudan Floods: Changing the Paradigm

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Albahari ◽  
Carl H. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Humanitarian Response

AbstractIntroductionWhile the concept of community resilience is gaining traction, the role of spontaneous volunteers during the initial response to disasters remains controversial. In an attempt to resolve some of the debate, investigators examined the activities of a spontaneous volunteer group called Nafeer after the Sudan floods around the city of Khartoum in August of 2013.HypothesisCan spontaneous volunteers successfully initiate, coordinate, and deliver sustained assistance immediately after a disaster?MethodsThis retrospective, descriptive case study involved: (1) interviews with Nafeer members that participated in the disaster response to the Khartoum floods; (2) examination of documents generated during the event; and (3) subsequent benchmarking of their efforts with the Sphere Handbook. Members who agreed to participate were requested to provide all documents in their possession relating to Nafeer. The response by Nafeer was then benchmarked to the Sphere Handbook’s six core standards, as well as the 11 minimum standards in essential health services.ResultsA total of 11 individuals were interviewed (six from leadership and five from active members). Nafeer’s activities included: food provision; delivery of basic health care; environmental sanitation campaigns; efforts to raise awareness; and construction and strengthening of flood barricades. Its use of electronic platforms and social media to collect data and coordinate the organization’s response was effective. Nafeer adopted a flat-management structure, dividing itself into 14 committees. A Coordination Committee was in charge of liaising between all committees. The Health and Sanitation Committee supervised two health days which included mobile medical and dentistry clinics supported by a mobile laboratory and pharmacy. The Engineering Committee managed to construct and maintain flood barricades. Nafeer used crowd-sourcing to fund its activities, receiving donations locally and internationally using supporters outside Sudan. Nafeer completely fulfilled three of Sphere’s core standards and partially fulfilled the other three, but none of the essential health services standards were fulfilled. Even though the Sphere Handbook was chosen as the best available “gold standard” to benchmark Nafeer’s efforts, it showed significant limitations in effectively measuring this group.ConclusionIt appears that independent spontaneous volunteer initiatives, like Nafeer, potentially can improve community resilience and play a significant role in the humanitarian response. Such organizations should be the subject of increased research activity. Relevant bodies should consider issuing separate guidelines supporting spontaneous volunteer organizations.AlbahariA, SchultzCH. A qualitative analysis of the spontaneous volunteer response to the 2013 Sudan floods: changing the paradigm. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):240–248.

Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measure-28/10 Items (CCRAM28 and CCRAM10): A Self-report Tool for Assessing Community Resilience

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Leykin ◽  
Mooli Lahad ◽  
Odeya Cohen ◽  
Avishay Goldberg ◽  
Limor Aharonson-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Community Resilience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
Assessment Measure

scholarly journals Community resilience and urban core shelter implementation: A Wellington case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ralph Peter Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World

<p>As a result of climate change, extreme weather events are becoming more common around the world. Coupled with the ever-present threat of sea level rise that coastal cities face there is a potential for far more severe weather events to occur. This thesis will seek to understand how an existing city can adapt to a more hostile environment, and how in the event of an extreme weather occurrence it maintains its function. There is an urgent need to understand how a city can respond when faced with these situations. Previous extreme weather events, Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami, and extreme flooding around the world, highlight the danger of a lack of preparedness and resilience found in most cities.  The purpose of this thesis is to understand how the concept of a core shelter, as a way to address the threats of extreme weather events, can be applied to a well-established urban context, Wellington NZ. A core shelter is a structure that in the event of a large-scale disaster, protects its users, and post-disaster still reaches permanent housing standards without being deemed to be a permanent dwelling. It will also look at whether it is possible to create areas in an existing city that can be considered “safe havens” in the event of an extreme natural incident.  This thesis outlines the need for these shelters by identifying the potential threats of climate change in a Wellington context, and by understanding the vulnerability of Wellington’s current building stock. It reaches a conclusion that through the implementation of core shelters in Wellington NZ, resilience will be improved, disaster response efforts will be aided, and destruction arising from extreme weather events will be reduced. In addition, it identifies the areas of Wellington that are deemed to be of higher risk in a disaster or extreme weather event, analyses an existing building’s potential to become a community resilience/core shelter, and proposes a custom building that could be built on Leeds St and Ghuznee St.</p>

scholarly journals Urban Food Insecurity: The relationship between community resilience and urban agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Anizah Mohd Salleh ◽  
Nor Zalina Harun ◽  
Sharina Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the relationship between community resilience and urban agriculture as a strategy for food and nutrition security forthe vulnerable urban group. Through a systematic literature review and using thematic analysis, the study reveals four related domains identified as food security, food production, food flow, and resilience strategy. The community resiliency was presented through the contribution of urban agriculture as part of community preparedness, response, and recovery in short and long-term impacts. The study concludes that green spaces provision in a residential area act as a viable support system underlined the economic, social, and environment interaction. Keywords: urban agriculture; vulnerable urban group; community resilience; food insecurity eISSN 2398-4279 ©2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v5i18.206

scholarly journals Dakwah Islam dan pencegahan radikalisme melalui ketahanan masyarakat

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Najahan Musyafak ◽  
Lulu Choirun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
The Face ◽  
Radical Ideology

Community resilience is an important aspect of da'wah as an effort to prevent radicalism in Indonesia. The importance of community resilience is based on the phenomenon where the community has become the victim of various events that have the nuances of radicalism. Bombings, shootings, stabbings and vandalism events have harmed the community, both individually and collectively. The destruction of public facilities has disrupted social activities and governance. In addition, violent-motivated events have disrupted people's lives because they feel afraid, insecure, and threatened by circumstances that are beyond their capabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to have da'wah through efforts of resilience in the face of acts of violence with a background of radicalism. This study aims to determine da'wah activities through the form of community resilience by taking locations in the Solo Raya area in the face of various radicalism events, forms of community resilience and how steps are taken to prevent the spread of radical ideology through da'wah activities. This study is a qualitative research with a symbolic interactionism approach involving a number of informants who were selected using a purposive sampling method from 4 areas in Solo Raya, namely Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Sragen and Karanganyar. Data was collected through a Focus Group Discussion technique ( FGD). This study found that Da’wah can be utilised as a method to prevent radicalism through strengthening community resilience. The way of prevention focus on anticipating and adapting to the dangers of radicalism through 4 (four) forms; awareness of plurality, synergy between institutions, cultural communication and strategic partnerships.***Ketahanan masyarakat (Community Resiliency) menjadi aspek penting dalam dakwah sebagai upaya pencegahan radikalisme di Indonesia. Pentingnya ketahanan masyarakat didasarkan pada fenomena dimana masyarakat telah menjadi korban berbagai peristiwa yang bernuansa radikalisme. Peristiwa pengeboman, penembakan, penusukan dan perusakan telah merugikan masyarakat baik secara individu maupun komunitas. Hancurnya fasilitas publik telah menggangu kegiatan dan tata laksana sosial. Selain itu, peristiwa bermotif kekerasan telah mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat karena merasa takut, tidak aman, dan terancam oleh keadaan yang berada di luar kemampuan mereka. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan adanya dakwah melalui upaya ketangguhan (resiliency) dalam menghadapi tindakan kekerasan yang berlatarbelakang radikalisme. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan dakwah melalui bentuk ketahanan masyarakat dengan mengambil lokasi di wilayah Solo Raya dalam menghadapi berbagai peristiwa radikalisme, bentuk ketangguhan masyarakat dan bagaimana langkah yang ditempuh untuk melakukan pencegahan terhadap penyebaran ideologi radikal melalui kegiatan dakwah. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan interaksionisme simbolik dengan melibatkan sejumlah informan yang dipilih dengan metode sampel bertujuan (purposive sampling) yang berasal dari 4 wilayah di Solo Raya, yaitu Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Sragen dan Karanganyar, dan data diambil melalui teknik Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Studi ini menemukan bahwa dakwah pencegahan radikalisme dapat dilakukan melalui penguatan ketahanan masyarakat yang  merupakan proses antisipasi dan adaptasi terhadap bahaya atau bencana radikalisme melalui 4 (empat) bentuk; kesadaran pluralitas, sinergitas antar lembaga, komunikasi budaya dan kemitraan strategis.

Showcasing Dreams, Desires, Vision, Whimsy, Illusion, and Anxious Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-214
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Crawford ◽  
Noran L. Moffett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Psychological Balance ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Doctoral Candidates

Personalized journeys that reflect the development of deep-seated perseverance and determination characteristics evolve from stresses and traumatic events that may be short-term or longer-term from past experiences, yet still can impact the doctoral candidate's progression through the dissertation journey. A sensitivity towards one's own psychological balance during highly stressful and destabilized beliefs around one's self-efficacy are impactful during the dissertation, potentially subverting and undermining a doctoral candidate's ability to maintain a balanced psychological approach towards anxiety-riddled and stress-inducing cognitive dissonance and engagement. Discussions around the ability to support doctoral candidates during the dissertation journey are highlighted, including perseverance and determination characteristic strengths, weaknesses, and areas of potential growth areas of engaged development, upon the doctoral candidate's personality.

scholarly journals Confidence in Health-Services Availability During Disasters and Emergency Situations—Does it Matter?—Lessons Learned from an Israeli Population Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cohen ◽  
Shapira ◽  
Aharonson-Daniel ◽  
Shamian
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
Israeli Population ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The association between health and community resilience is well established in the literature. However, maintaining continuity of healthcare services during emergencies, and their contribution in the context of community resiliency have not been sufficiently studied. This study aims to explore the relationship between the public’s confidence in the availability of healthcare services during and following emergencies, and community resilience. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3478 Israeli adults, using the Conjoint Community Resilience Assessment Measurement (CCRAM) tool. Associations between confidence in health services availability during emergencies, socio-demographic variables, and community resilience as measured by the CCRAM score were analyzed. The results revealed that confidence in the availability of health services positively correlated with community resilience score (r(3377) = 0.580, p < 0.001), and that it contributed significantly to increasing resilience (OR = 2.67, 95% CI (2.4–2.9), p < 0.001). Maintaining continuity of healthcare services during emergencies has effects beyond the provision of medical treatment. For instance, the confidence of the population in the availability of these services contributes to community resilience. In turn, this finding can be translated into practical resilience building actions and to facilitate community health.

Community resilience to natural disasters: the role of disaster entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina K. Linnenluecke ◽  
Brent McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Organizational Response ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Latent Structures

Purpose The paper aims to examine the conditions under which disaster entrepreneurship contributes to community-level resilience. The authors define disaster entrepreneurship as attempts by the private sector to create or maintain value during and in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster by taking advantage of business opportunities and providing goods and services required by community stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds a typology of disaster entrepreneurial responses by drawing on the dimensions of structural expansion and role change. The authors use illustrative case examples to conceptualize how these responses improve community resilience by filling critical resource voids in the aftermath of natural disasters. Findings The typology identifies four different disaster entrepreneurship approaches: entrepreneurial business continuity, scaling of organizational response through activating latent structures, improvising and emergence. The authors formulate proposition regarding how each of the approaches is related to community-level resilience. Practical implications While disaster entrepreneurship can offer for-profit opportunities for engaging in community-wide disaster response and recovery efforts, firms should carefully consider the financial, legal, reputational and organizational implications of disaster entrepreneurship. Social implications Communities should consider how best to harness disaster entrepreneurship in designing their disaster response strategies. Originality/value This research offers a novel typology to explore the role that for-profit firms play in disaster contexts and adds to prior research which has mostly focused on government agencies, non-governmental organizations and emergency personnel.

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