Analysis of Effective Routing Protocols for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Bansal ◽  
Ram Shringar Raw
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Networking Technology

Recently, the flying ad-hoc network (FANETs) is a popular networking technology used to create a wireless network through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this network, the UAV nodes work as intermediate nodes that communicate with each other to transmit data packets over the network, in the absence of fixed an infrastructure. Due to high mobility degree of UAV nodes, network formation and deformation among the UAVs are very frequent. Therefore, effective routing is a more challenging issue in FANETs. This paper presents performance evaluations and comparisons of the popular topology-based routing protocol namely AODV and position-based routing protocol, namely LAR for high speed mobility as well as a verity of the density of UAV nodes in the FANETs environment through NS-2 simulator. The extensive simulation results have shown that LAR gives better performance than AODV significantly in terms of the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing overhead, end-to-end delay, and average throughput, which make it a more effective routing protocol for the highly dynamic nature of FANETs.

scholarly journals TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DATA PADA AD HOC NETWORK COMMUNICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rahmadya
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets

Ad Hoc Network Communication is mobile networks communications and have a high mobility for each of its nodes. This type of network communications is a temporary networkwith utilizing a WiFi network or Bluethoot as a medium of communications. In the entirenetwork, node moves with a speed varying and unpredictable direction. Packets data delivery from the source node to destination node by using an ad hoc network requires its owntechniques. In this research discussed the existing data communication technique inVehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANETs) Communications with attention: Broadcasting Time, Routing Protocol, Message Dissemination, Delay Tolerant Network Dissemination and / DTN.These techniques can increase the delivery ratio / sending data packets to the destination as well as a smaller delay time. In order to maintain the integrity of the data packets received bythe destination node, the authors have proposed a method of duplicate messages in thisresearch.

scholarly journals TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DATA PADA AD HOC NETWORK COMMUNICATION

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rahmadya
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets

Ad Hoc Network Communication is mobile networks communications and have a high mobility for each of its nodes. This type of network communications is a temporary networkwith utilizing a WiFi network or Bluethoot as a medium of communications. In the entirenetwork, node moves with a speed varying and unpredictable direction. Packets data delivery from the source node to destination node by using an ad hoc network requires its owntechniques. In this research discussed the existing data communication technique inVehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANETs) Communications with attention: Broadcasting Time, Routing Protocol, Message Dissemination, Delay Tolerant Network Dissemination and / DTN.These techniques can increase the delivery ratio / sending data packets to the destination as well as a smaller delay time. In order to maintain the integrity of the data packets received bythe destination node, the authors have proposed a method of duplicate messages in thisresearch.

Research on a Reliable Zone Routing Protocol and its Key Technologies in Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2010-2013
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Shan Shan Sun ◽  
Li Qin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Hoc Networks

In ad hoc networks, ZRP is the most typical protocol in hybrid routing protocols. Aiming at the problem that the scheme for maintaining an inter-zone route in ZRP makes ZRP take more lost packets and more route re-discovering times; the former makes ZRP take lower delivery ratio of data packets, which makes ZRP take less reliability; the latter makes ZRP take more transmission delay and more routing overheads, a reliable zone routing protocol (RZRP) was proposed. RZRP was designed from basic idea and key technologies, and the protocol performance was analyzed in a simulation. The simulation results show that RZRP improves delivery ratio of data packets, which shows that RZRP improves the protocol reliability, and RZRP also reduces the transmission delay and routing overheads.

scholarly journals RESP: Relay Suitability-based Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Omar A. Hammood ◽  
Mohd Nizam ◽  
Muamer Nafaa ◽  
Waleed A. Hammood
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Stability ◽  
Hoc Networks

Video streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a fundamental requirement for a roadside emergency and smart video surveillance services. However, vehicles moving at a high speed usually create unstable wireless links that drop video frames qualities. In a high-density network, network collision between vehicles is another obstacle in improving the scalability of unicast routing protocols. In this paper, the RElay Suitability-based Routing Protocol (RESP) which makes a routing decision based on the link stability measurement was proposed for an uninterrupted video streaming. The RESP estimates the geographic advancement and link stability of a vehicle towards its destination only in the small region. To ensure the reliability while extending the scalability of routing, the relay suitability metric integrates the packet delay, collision dropping, link stability, and the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) in the weighted division algorithm, and selects a high-quality forwarding node for video streaming. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed RESP outperformed the link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) and other traditional geographical streaming protocols in providing a high packet delivery ratio and less packet delay with various network densities, and proved the scalability support of RESP for video streaming.

scholarly journals Packet Delivery Ratio and Overhead Reduction for À-GPS Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-747
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Now a day’s mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is engaged by numerous scientists and endeavoring to be conveyed by and by. To accomplish this objective, these two components are a significant issue that we need to consider. The first is "overhead". As it were, messages that is not important to be sent when setting up a system association between versatile hubs. The following issue is the parcel sending rate from source to the goal hub that sufficiently high to ensure a successful system association. This paper is concentrating on improving the exhibition of the Location-Aided Routing Protocol (LAR) regarding overhead decrease by adjusting the calculation of the MANET course disclosure process. The consequence of the reproduction shows that the proposed convention can decrease overhead definitely, growing system lifetime and increment parcel sending rate while contrasting and other traditional conventions.

scholarly journals ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR VEHICULAR ADHOC NETWORK

2013 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
LIKHITA K. WAGHDHARE ◽  
T. H. NAGRARE
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Mobility Parameter

Vehicular Ad hoc network(VANET) are special type of Mobile Adhoc Networks(MANET) where wireless equipped vehicles from a network are continuously travelling along the road. Node movement feature of Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) closely resembles with that of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) but its high speed mobility and unpredictable movement characteristics are the key contrasting feature from that of MANET. The similarity nature suggests that the prevailing routing protocol of MANET is very much applicable to VANET. However, on the same line, the dissimilarity characteristics result in frequent loss of connectivity. In VANET, topology changes rapidly and there is frequent disconnection which makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles called vehicle to vehicle communication. Many routing protocols where implemented like AODV, AOMDV, SD-AOMDV, DSDV, CBDRP. SD-AOMDV adds the speed and direction as two mobility parameter. By enhancing the performance of SDAOMDV routing protocol, packet delivery ratio, and throughput can be increased and end-to-end delay can be reduce.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Protokol Perutean SDGR+R pada Vehicular AD-HOC Network Berbasis Arah

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Eliyah Acantha Manapa ◽  
Sri Wahjuni ◽  
Shelvie Nidya Neyman
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Communication

<p class="Default"><em>Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network</em> (VANET) merupakan pengembangan jaringan <em>wiresless</em> yang melakukan komunikasi secara <em>Inter Vehicle Communication</em> (IVC). VANET memiliki mobilitas yang tinggi untuk setiap <em>node</em> nya sehingga jaringan komunikasi jenis ini adalah jaringan yang bersifat sementara dikarenakan <em>node</em> bergerak di lintasan dengan arah dan kecepatan yang dinamis. Dengan demikian, pengiriman paket data dari <em>node</em> sumber ke <em>node</em> tujuan menggunakan VANET memerlukan beberapa teknik komunikasi. Teknik terbaru komunikasi VANET saat ini adalah menggunakan SDN (<em>Software Defined Network</em>) yang berbasis <em>geographic</em> (SDGR) sebagai <em>control</em> <em>plane</em> dalam mengontrol komunikasi <em>ad</em>-<em>hoc</em> antar <em>node</em>. Dalam membentuk topologi jaringan komunikasi, SDGR mencari nilai jalur terpendek antar <em>node</em> dan kepadatan <em>node</em> yang tinggi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini melakukan analisis konsep protokol perutean (<em>routing protocol)</em> SDGR dan dilakukan pengembangannya dengan mempertimbangkan arah rute (SDGR+R). Pada SDGR+R, penambahan basis arah rute menggunakan <em>m</em><em>ulticast</em>. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perbandingan kinerja antara SDGR dan SDGR+R. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan SDGR+R memiliki kinerja lebih baik daripada SDGR dalam hal <em>latency</em> sebesar 1.88% dan <em>packet</em> <em>delivery</em> <em>ratio </em>(PDR) sebesar 8.12%. Perancangan protokol perutean SDGR+R menambah ide pengembangan teknologi pada VANET untuk masa mendatang.</p><p class="Default"> <em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless network developed for communication on Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC). Each node in a VANET has high mobility so that this type of communication network is a temporary network because the node moves on the track with dynamic direction and speed. Thus, sending data packets from source node to destination node using VANET requires some communication techniques. The latest technology for VANET communication is to use SDN-based geographic-based SDN (SDGR) as a control plane in controlling Ad-hoc communication between nodes. In</em><em> </em><em>forming the communication network topology, SDGR looks for the shortest path value between nodes and high node density. The main objective of this research is to analyze the concept of SDGR routing protocol and to develop it, considering the direction of the route (SDGR+R). In SDGR + R, the addition of route base directions uses multicast. Next, </em><em>we compare</em><em> the performance between SDGR and SDGR+R.</em><em> Simulation results show SDGR+R has better performance than SDGR in terms of latency </em><em>of 1.88% </em><em>and packet delivery ratio</em><em> of 8.12%</em><em>.</em><em> The design of the SDGR+R routing protocol gives to the idea of technology development on VANET in the future.</em></p><p class="Default"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

scholarly journals QoS Parameter Analysis on AODV and DSDV Protocols in a Wireless Network

2011 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Vijayalaskhmi M ◽  
Avinash Patel ◽  
Linganagouda Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Failures ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Tables

Wireless networks are characterized by a lack of infrastructure, and by a random and quickly changing network topology; thus the need for a robust dynamic routing protocol that can accommodate such an environment. To improve the packet delivery ratio of Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks with high mobility, a message exchange scheme for its invalid route reconstruction is being used. Two protocols AODV and DSDV simulated using NS-2 package and were compared in terms throughput, end to end delay and packet faction delivery varying number of nodes, speed and time. Simulation results show that DSDV compared with AODV, DSDV routing protocol consumes more bandwidth, because of the frequent broadcasting of routing updates. While the AODV is better than DSDV as it doesn’t maintain any routing tables at nodes which results in less overhead and more bandwidth. AODV perform better under high mobility simulations than DSDV. High mobility results in frequent link failures and the overhead involved in updating all the nodes with the new routing information as in DSDV is much more than that involved AODV, where the routes are created as and when required. AODV use on -demand route discovery, but with different routing mechanics. AODV uses routing tables, one route per destination, and destination sequence numbers,

A Directional Forward Routing Protocol Based on Spray and Wait in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 2442-2446
Author(s):  
Jie Han ◽  
Lun Tang ◽  
Xiao Qin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Buffer Management ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In recent years, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) attracts more and more attention. VANET is a special Mobile Ad Hoc Network, the network suffers from high mobility so that the end-to-end path may not exist all the time. First, this paper proposed the improvement of spray phase, combined with the real situation of VANET. Second, we choose the best performance of neighbor node as next hop in forward phase. Third, it has an available buffer management mechanism to increase packet delivery ratio and reduce the overhead. The Simulation results show that DFSB routing can significantly enhance packet delivery ratio and decrease routing delay.

scholarly journals QoS Metrics Analysis of Routing Protocols in MANET using FIS and ANOVA Test with Varying Speed of Nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Subhrananda Goswami ◽  
Sukumar Mondal ◽  
Subhankar Johardar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Qos Metrics

In this paper, we analyzed AODV,DSR and DSDV routing protocol using different parameter of QoS metrics such as packet delivery ratio(PDR), Normalize Routing overhead, and Energy. The goal of this work is to determine if there is a difference between routing protocol performance when operating in a large-area MANET with high-speed mobile nodes. After the simulations, we will use Fuzzy Infurrence System to plot the performance metric. After that we use one-way ANOVA tools for that the result is correct or not. We use Matlab for simulation work. The comparison analysis will be carrying out about these protocols and in the last the conclusion will be presented, that which routing protocol is the best one for mobile ad hoc networks

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