Link Failure Avoidance Mechanism (LFAM) and Route Availability Check Mechanism (RACM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Meeta Singh ◽  
Sudeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Failure Avoidance ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Pass Through

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of self-organised nodes which behaves as a transceiver. The data will pass through intermediate nodes from a source node to the destination node using communication links. The main problem arises if the communication link is broken or going to be broken soon. A new algorithm is proposed that uses a link failure avoidance mechanism (LFAM) and a route availability check mechanism (RACM), for the development of a new secure and efficient AODV routing protocol. The goal of a LFAM mechanism is to locate a new path to the preferred destination when the connection to the next hop is going to be broken and the RACM mechanism is to find an alternate route to the destination.

scholarly journals Securing cluster based routing against cooperative black hole attack in mobile ad hoc network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandi Selvam Raman ◽  
Shankar K ◽  
Ilayaraja M
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless infrastructure-less network consisting collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in decentralized manner. Security remains major challenge due to its some unique characteristics like open medium, mobility and hence topology changes. Therefore, routing protocol for MANETs is much vulnerable to attacks. Black Hole is a type of attack, where malicious node falsely advertises itself having the shortest or optimal path to the destination node. This attack is more dangerous while a group of nodes are cooperating with each other.The objective of this paper is to design cluster based routing protocol and prevent it from the black hole attack. The simulation results show improvement in packet delivery ratio and control overhead.

Trust-Based Secure Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moresh Madhukar Mukhedkar ◽  
Uttam Kolekar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Network Attacks ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Abstract Routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a hectic challenge due to the dynamic nature of the network. The provisional communication links are assured due to the infrastructure-independent capability of MANET, but with no proper centralized monitoring process, which makes routing in MANETs with respect to the security and trust a major issue. Thus, the paper introduces Advanced Encryption Standard-enabled Trust-based Secure Routing protocol based on the proposed Dolphin Cat Optimizer (AES-TDCO), which is an energy and trust-aware routing protocol. The proposed Dolphin Cat Optimizer is engaged in the optimal route selection based on the modeled objective function based on the trust factors, recent trust, historical trust, direct and indirect trust in addition to delay, distance and link lifetime. The Dolphin Cat Optimizer is the integration of Dolphin Echolocation and Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm that inherits the faster global convergence. The simulation using 75 nodes revealed that the proposed routing protocol acquired the maximal throughput, minimal delay, minimal packet drop and detection rate of 0.6531, 0.0107, 0.3267 and 0.9898 in the absence of network attacks and 0.7693, 0.0112, 0.3605 and 0.9961 in the presence of the network attacks.

Prevention of Black Hole Attacks on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Through Intrusion Detection Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Hicham Zougagh ◽  
Noureddine Idboufker ◽  
Rida Zoubairi ◽  
Rachid El Ayachi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Hoc Networks

In a mobile ad hoc network, a source node must rely on intermediate nodes to forward its packets along multi-hop routes to the destination node. The performance of a mobile ad hoc network is closely related to the capability of the implemented routing protocol to adapt itself to unpredictable changes of topology network and link status. One of these routing protocols is optimized link state routing protocol which assumes that all nodes are trusted. However, in a hostile environment, the OLSR is known to be vulnerable to various kinds of malicious attacks. Without having any control on packet forwarding, an intermediate node can behave selfishly or maliciously to drop packets going through it. Therefore, in this article, the authors propose a new technique for the selection of multipoint relays whose aims to provide each node the ability to select alternative paths in order to reach any destination two hops away.

scholarly journals Mitigating Gray Hole attack in Mobile AD HOC Network using Artificial Intelligence Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 640-645
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a combination of multiple mobile nodes, which are interconnected by radio link. In MANET, sensor nodes are free to move, and each node can act as a host or router. Routing is one of the most challenging tasks because nodes move frequently. Therefore, in MANET, the routing protocol plays an important role in selecting the best route to efficiently transmit data from the source node to the destination node. In this paper, the best path with efficient Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is chosen as the routing mechanism. The properties of each node are categorized using firefly algorithm. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained as per these properties and hence in case if the gray hole node is detected within the route, it is identified and the route between the source and the destination is changed. At last, to show how effectively the proposed AODV with Firefly and ANN works is computed in terms of performance parameters. The throughput and PDR is increased by 4.13 % and 3.15 % compared to the network which is affected by gray hole attack. The energy up to 44.02 % has been saved.

An Energy-Awareness and Congestion-Avoidance Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Congestion Avoidance ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Energy Awareness ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

An energy-aware and congestion-avoidance routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoc network is proposed in this paper. The protocol modifies RREQ of AODV by adding some fields including energy and load information. When nodes forward RREQ they also rewrite these fields with their own situation. So the destination node can find a shortest route without low-power nodes and high-load nodes to avoid instable route most probably. On the other hand, the protocol can protect low-level energy nodes and avoid congestion.

scholarly journals Improving the Proactive Routing Protocol using Depth First Iterative Deepening Spanning Tree in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Justin Sophia I ◽  
N. Rama
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Proactive Routing ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Topology Information ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

<p>Owing to the wireless and mobility nature, nodes in a mobile ad hoc network are not within the transmission range. It needs to transfer data through the multi-intermediate nodes. Opportunistic data forwarding is an assuring solution to make use of the broadcast environment of wireless communication links. Due to absence of source routing capability with efficient proactive routing protocol, it is not widely used. To rectify the problem, we proposed memory and routing efficient proactive routing protocol using Depth-First Iterative-Deepening and hello messaging scheme.  This protocol can conserve the topology information in every node in the network. In experimental analysis and discussion, we implemented the proposed work using NS2 simulator tool and proved that the proposed technique is performed well in terms of average delay, buffer and throughput.</p>

scholarly journals Efficient Data Transfer by Mobility Adjustment Algorithm for Clustered Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
I. Alagiri ◽  
V. Madhuviswanatham ◽  
P. VenkataKrishna
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Abstract Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is a prevalent deployable network for easy plug-in and it is widely applied for many real time scenarios. Clustering is a well known solution for efficient communication among nodes with least control overheads. The communication link breaks between nodes when a node moves beyond the transmission range of another node because of mobility. Frequent link breaks happen because of nodes mobility which cannot be controlled without increasing the network control overheads. The authors propose an Mobility Adjustment Routing (MAR) routing algorithm for establishing a stable path between the source and the destination. In this approach the choice of cluster heads based on the smallest weight age, node mobility and remaining battery power are used as a metric for weight computation. The cluster head and the gate way nodes forward RREQ packets to set up a path between the source and the destination which proves efficient communication, before forwarding a RREQ packet cluster the head/gateway node compares its mobility value with RREQ and updates the least value in RREQ. The destination node advertises the least mobility value to the remaining nodes in the path with the help of RREP packet, therefore stable paths are found without increasing the network control overheads. The simulation results done with the help of network simulator 2 show that the algorithm proposed performs well even at higher traffic load compared to existing algorithms.

scholarly journals Black Hole Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Network and its Avoidance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ayid Ahmad ◽  
Ahmed Chalak Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad Hoc Network is an infrastructure less wireless network where the mobile nodes leaves and joins the mobile network very frequently. The routing of the packets from source node to destination node, the routing protocol is used. On Demand Distance Vector Routing protocol is very common and implemented with Mobile Ad Hoc Network nodes to handle the operations of packet routing from by any node as a source node to destination node. In this paper prevention of black hole attack by modifying the On Demand Distance Vector routing protocol. The sequence number of 32 bit is initiated with the Route Reply and route sequence packet broadcast to determine the request reply from black hole node under the Mobile Ad Hoc Network. The sequence number and On demand Distance Vector Routing protocol are integrated with a mechanism to find the Request Reply of message containing routing information from source to destination node in Mobile Ad Hoc Network.

scholarly journals A counter measure to Black hole attack on AODVbased Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Subash Chandra Mandhata ◽  
S .N. Patro
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Malicious Node ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Security is a major threat and essential requirement for mobile Ad Hoc network. Due to its inherent characteristics, it has many consequent challenges, which needs to be taken care of. In this paper we analyse the black hole attack in MANET using AODV as its routing protocol. Black hole is a type of routing attack where a malicious node impersonates a destination node by sending deceived route reply packet to a source node that initiates a route discovery process. By doing this, the malicious node can deprive the traffic from the source node. We propose a solution that makes a modification in existing AODV routing protocol

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