Simulation of HIV Infection Propagation Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Tirado-Ramos ◽  
Chris Kelley
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Risk Infection

Simulating the transmission of HIV requires a model framework that can account for the complex nature of HIV transmission. In this paper the authors present the current state of the art for simulating HIV with agent-based models and highlight some of the significant contributions of current research. The authors then propose opportunities for future work including their plan that involves identifying and monitoring high-risk drug users that can potentially initiate high-risk infection propagation networks.

scholarly journals The postdigital turn: Philosophy, education, research

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110627
Author(s):  
Petar Jandrić ◽  
Jeremy Knox
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Digital Physics ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scientific Fields

This article develops a post-determinist and a post-instrumentalist understanding of education and educational research through the lens of postdigital theory. We begin with historicizing current postdigital research by showing its intellectual ancestry and recognizing its rapidly changing nature. We move on to current state of the art, which we present in three wide themes. The first theme is the great convergence of various lower-level techno-scientific convergences, such as analogue–digital, physics–biology, and biology–information, which results in new epistemologies, ontologies and practices. The second theme is some consequences of the great convergence for education and pedagogy, which result in new postdigital ecopedagogies. The third theme is postdigital research, which is reconfigured by the great convergence towards a closer collaboration between traditional scientific fields and disciplines. We briefly outline four such reconfigurations (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, and antidisciplinarity) and their implications. The article concludes with a brief list of directions for future work in the field.

scholarly journals Incident Hepatitis C Virus Genotype Distribution and Multiple Infection in Australian Prisons

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Walker ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Suzy Teutsch ◽  
Brigid Betz-Stablein ◽  
Fabio Luciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Antiviral Therapies

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly diverse pathogen that is classified into seven distinct genotypes. Simultaneous or sequential reinfection with multiple HCV genotypes is recognized in high-risk populations, such as injecting drug users (IDUs). Multiple infection is of clinical concern as different genotypes have various sensitivities to current antiviral therapies. Therefore, a better understanding of the frequency of multiple infection and of the genotypes currently being transmitted is clinically relevant. An Australian cohort of IDUs (n= 123), identified with primary incident infection, was followed for multiple infection by regular HCV RNA testing between 2005 and 2013. A total of 354 samples were tested. Sequencing of primary incident infections revealed that genotype 3a was the most common circulating genotype, followed by genotype 1a. Examination of longitudinally collected samples identified complex patterns of multiple infection, including reinfection and superinfection. In those with multiple infection, there was no apparent evidence of homotypic immunity conferring protection against reinfection of the same subtype. This study revealed frequent multiple infection in a high-risk prisoner cohort, illustrating the complex nature of HCV infection and reinfection and highlighting the need for pan-genotypic antiviral therapies.

scholarly journals WebAL Comes of Age: A Review of the First 21 Years of Artificial Life on the Web

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Taylor ◽  
Joshua E. Auerbach ◽  
Josh Bongard ◽  
Jeff Clune ◽  
Simon Hickinbotham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Many ◽  
Exciting Area ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Web

We present a survey of the first 21 years of web-based artificial life (WebAL) research and applications, broadly construed to include the many different ways in which artificial life and web technologies might intersect. Our survey covers the period from 1994—when the first WebAL work appeared—up to the present day, together with a brief discussion of relevant precursors. We examine recent projects, from 2010–2015, in greater detail in order to highlight the current state of the art. We follow the survey with a discussion of common themes and methodologies that can be observed in recent work and identify a number of likely directions for future work in this exciting area.

scholarly journals Modern neurooncology – the development of the field and the possibilities of glioma therapy in Warsaw – a neurosurgical perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (30) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Bartosz Czapski ◽  
Adam Warzecha ◽  
Wojciech Górecki ◽  
Tomasz Wójcikiewicz ◽  
Mirosław Ząbek
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range

This article is devoted to discussing the possibility of treating malignant brain tumors in the Mazovia region. The difficult clinical problem confronted by doctors and scientists is discussed in relation to the complex nature of gliomas. The current state-of-the-art treatment along with its limitations is subjected to discussion. The opportunities available to Mazovian doctors, which can be used to significantly prolong and improve the quality of patients’ lives, are presented in detail. Finally, the paper presents the wide range of possibilities for scientific cooperation and the directions it should take in order to learn more about the genesis of brain cancer and make it curable.

scholarly journals Principles and State of the Art of Agent-Based Migration Modelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Martin Hinsch ◽  
Jakub Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Current State

AbstractMigration as an individual behaviour as well as a macro-level phenomenon happens as part of hugely complex social systems. Understanding migration and its consequences therefore necessitates adopting a careful analytical approach using appropriate tools, such as agent-based models. Still, any model can only be specific to the question it attempts to answer. This chapter provides a general discussion of the key tenets related to modelling complex systems, followed by a review of the current state of the art in the simulation modelling of migration. The subsequent focus of the discussion on the key principles for modelling migration processes, and the context in which they occur, allows for identifying the main knowledge gaps in the existing approaches and for providing practical advice for modellers. In this chapter, we also introduce a model of migration route formation, which is subsequently used as a running example throughout this book.

Early Detection of Dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1963-1988
Author(s):  
Stefanos Xefteris ◽  
Evdokimos Konstantinidis ◽  
Antonis S. Billis ◽  
Panagiotis E. Antoniou ◽  
Charis Styliadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Home Environments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Behavioral Monitoring

Early detection and prediction of dementia through unobtrusive techniques or obtrusive tests is still in exploratory status and despite the increase of interest in recent years, many challenges remain open in designing methodologies that can accurately predict its onset. This chapter addresses the problem of the early detection of dementia from two points of view: Detection based on unobtrusive paradigms both in lab and home environments (behavioral monitoring, serious games, home based assisted living applications in telemedicine) and detection based on neuroimaging approaches. The chapter also provides information on setting up ecologically valid home labs for dementia related experiments. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of a complete methodology of how researchers can possibly detect or predict the onset of dementia through the current state-of-the-art, underline open challenges and illustrate future work in the field.

Recent Progress in Unsteady and Pulsatile Flow Performance Analysis of Turbocharger Turbines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiah L. Kwao-Ampomah ◽  
Weiling Zhuge ◽  
Yangjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Flow Effects ◽  
Future Work

In this review, a summary and discussion of the current state of the art on computational and experimental analysis of unsteady flow effects on turbocharger turbine performance is presented. The numerical methods, for CFD analysis are first introduced and explained together with their unique advantages and limitations. Details on several approaches and test facilities used in experimental analysis of unsteady flow effects on turbine performance are compared and criticised. Conclusions of the results and discussion comprise recommendations for more accurate acquisition of data and justifications for future work needed in this field, including a twin entry volute design alteration that could reduce pulse energy loss.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis: Current state of the art

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Verbovoy ◽  
A V Pashentseva ◽  
L A Sharonova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Current Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Mortality

As of now, osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most important sociomedical problems because of its high prevalence and resultant disability, as well as significant mortality attributable to complications. The current strategy for providing care for patients of OP is its early diagnosis, by determining the high risk of fractures, and early pathogenetic treatment. The article gives an update on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of OP.

Early Detection of Dementia

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-106
Author(s):  
Stefanos Xefteris ◽  
Evdokimos Konstantinidis ◽  
Antonis S. Billis ◽  
Panagiotis E. Antoniou ◽  
Charis Styliadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Home Environments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Behavioral Monitoring

Early detection and prediction of dementia through unobtrusive techniques or obtrusive tests is still in exploratory status and despite the increase of interest in recent years, many challenges remain open in designing methodologies that can accurately predict its onset. This chapter addresses the problem of the early detection of dementia from two points of view: Detection based on unobtrusive paradigms both in lab and home environments (behavioral monitoring, serious games, home based assisted living applications in telemedicine) and detection based on neuroimaging approaches. The chapter also provides information on setting up ecologically valid home labs for dementia related experiments. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of a complete methodology of how researchers can possibly detect or predict the onset of dementia through the current state-of-the-art, underline open challenges and illustrate future work in the field.

3D Technologies and Applications in Sign Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiriakos Stefanidis ◽  
Dimitrios Konstantinidis ◽  
Athanasios Kalvourtzis ◽  
Kosmas Dimitropoulos ◽  
Petros Daras
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Sign Language Recognition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Work

Millions of people suffering from partial or complete hearing loss use variants of sign language to communicate with each other or hearing people in their everyday life. Thus, it is imperative to develop systems to assist these people by removing the barriers that affect their social inclusion. These systems should aim towards capturing sign language in an accurate way, classifying sign language to natural words and representing sign language by having avatars or synthesized videos execute the exact same moves that convey a meaning in the sign language. This chapter reviews current state-of-the-art approaches that attempt to solve sign language recognition and representation and analyzes the challenges they face. Furthermore, this chapter presents a novel AI-based solution to the problem of robust sign language capturing and representation, as well as a solution to the unavailability of annotated sign language datasets before limitations and directions for future work are discussed.

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