scholarly journals Methods and rates of poultry litter fertilization for corn silage in organic system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42951
Author(s):  
Renato Yagi ◽  
José Lino Martinez ◽  
Clóvis Roberto Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Whole Plant

The creation of proper soil fertility is fundamental to the agroecological transition phase and guarantees the sustainability of organic agribusiness. In a randomized complete block design with a 3 x 2 factorial scheme with 1 additional treatment (control, without organic fertilizer), we tested three poultry litter rates (7, 14, and 21 Mg ha-1) at sowing or splitting between sowing (30%) and side-dressing (70%) for two summer corn whole-plant silage crops and for the soil chemical attributes. The splitting of the poultry litter rate during the rainy season preserves the soil K content, prevents the accumulation of soil P and increases the efficiency of the increasing yields of the organic whole-plant corn silage crop. The reapplication of pre-sowing poultry litter can lead to an accumulation of P and Ca in the soil but favors fresh matter and cob dry matter yields in the dry season. The splitting of the poultry litter rate for whole-plant corn silage can guarantee technical and environmental sustainability in rainy years, but on the other hand, the reapplication of this organic fertilizer only at pre-sowing can increase the fresh matter yield and protein quality of organic whole-plant corn silage cultivated in an Inceptisol in the dry season.

Corn silage as a source of aflatoxin B1 in feed for dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2759-2764
Author(s):  
DRAGAN GLAMOČIĆ ◽  
MIROSLAVA POLOVINSKI HORVATOVIĆ ◽  
IGOR JAJIĆ ◽  
SAŠA KRSTOVIĆ ◽  
MIRKO IVKOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Grain

Nutrition of dairy cattle is based on two components, concentrates and forages. The main forages in Vojvodina, north province of Serbia is silage made from the whole plant of corn. After the outbreak of aflatoxin B1 in corn in 2012, the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in corn as a source of contamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk was very broadly investigated. There is no data regarding the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in silage and how much silage can contribute to the overall intake of aflatoxin B1 in this region. This work is an attempt to estimate how much silage, in condition and practice used in Vojvodina, contributes to the intake of aflatoxin B1, and consequently aflatoxin M1 in milk. In total, 82 samples of corn grain and 72 samples of corn silage were analyzed on the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 during 2017-2018 period. Aflatoxin B1 was found in 13.41% of corn samples in the range from 6.82 to 187.5 ppb (average 63.5 ppb). All positive samples were from 2017, while no positive samples were found during 2018. Incidence of aflatoxin B1 in silage was 54.17% in the range of 3.5-58.0 ppb (12% moisture content) or 0.95-16.1 ppb in the fresh matter. Results suggest that silage can be a significant factor to overall intake of aflatoxin B1 and that further research is needed.

scholarly journals Potential of Cultivating Dry Season Maize along a Hydrological Gradient of an Inland Valley in Uganda

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Alibu ◽  
Neuhoff ◽  
Senthilkumar ◽  
Becker ◽  
Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Inland Valley

Inland valley wetlands with higher soil moisture than surrounding uplands offer a yet unexplored opportunity for increasing maize production in East Africa. For three consecutive years, we conducted field experiments to assess the potential of an inland valley in Central Uganda for producing dry season maize. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments including farmer’s practice, unfertilized control, organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at high and low rates. These were repeated four times at each of the three hydrological positions of the inland valley (fringe, middle, and center). The maize grain yield of 3.4 t ha–1 (mean across treatments and years) exceeded the national yield average by 42%. High and sustained soil moisture in the center position of the inland valley was associated with the highest grain yields irrespective of the year. Due to soil moisture deficit in the fringe and middle hydrological positions, grain yields were not only lower but also highly variable. Intensive manuring with a combination of green and poultry manure produced high yields that were comparable to those with mineral fertilizers (both at 120 kg N ha–1). Lower amounts of either mineral or organic fertilizer (60 kg N ha–1) provided no yield gain over the unfertilized control. Inland valley wetlands, thus, offer promise for farmers to harvest an additional maize crop during the dry season, thus contributing to farm income and regional food security.

scholarly journals Organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers with urease and nitrification inhibitors for wheat and corn under no-tillage

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽  
Késia Silva Lourenço ◽  
Rosemari Martini
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Available N

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate soil chemical attributes, leaf nitrogen content, and corn and wheat yields under a no-tillage system in response to the application of organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers with or without urease and nitrification inhibitors. The experiment was carried out on the field, with one wheat and two corn crops, on a Rhodic Kandiudox, in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. The evaluated treatments were: control, without fertilization; O, poultry litter as an organic fertilizer; O+I, poultry litter and inhibitors; OM, organomineral fertilizer; OM+I, organomineral fertilizer and inhibitors; U, urea as a mineral fertilizer; and U+I, super urea with the urease inhibitor alone. The use of organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers, with or without inhibitors, increased available N content in the 0.00-0.05-m soil layer. In deeper layers, only OM+I in the 0.05-0.10-m layer and U+I in the 0.10-0.20-m layer provided higher contents than the control treatment. Leaf N contents were adequate, regardless of the fertilizer used. The O, O+I, OM, and OM+I treatments increase available P content and base saturation, and decrease H+Al on soil surface. Moreover, all fertilizers increase total grain yield of the two studied crops, in the following order: OM+I > U+I ≥ U > OM ≥ O+I ≥ O.

scholarly journals Agroecosystem Management on Green Mustard Plants in Wetlands during Dry Season

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhamiyah Ilhamiyah ◽  
Salamiah Salamiah ◽  
Samharinto Samharinto ◽  
Hakimah Halim
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agroecosystem Management

This research aimed to find a pattern of agroecosystem management that can increase arthropod diversity, production, and Return Cost Ratio (RCR) values in organic wetlands planted during the dry season.  This research was set in Randomized Block Design (RAK) with seven treatments and five repetitions, namely:  1) Intercropping  between green mustard  and basil, with chicken manure and without<em> </em><em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>;  2) Intercropping between green mustard and basil with water hyacinth compost, and without <em>B. thuringiensis</em>;  3)  intercropping between green mustard and leek, given water hyacinth compost, and without application <em>B. thuringiensis</em>;  4)Intercropping between green mustard  and leek, given chicken manure, and without application <em>B. thuringiensis</em>;  5) Intercropping between green mustard and leek, given chicken manure, and given <em>B. thuringensis</em> application, doubled of recommended dosage; 6) Intercropping between green mustard and leek with chicken manure, and <em>B. thuringensis</em> application according to recommended dosage; 7) Monoculture of green mustard without organic fertilizer and without the application <em>B. thuringiensis.  </em>From this research, it was concluded that the pattern of agroecosystem management of green mustard that can increase arthropod diversity in organic wetlands planted during dry season was the intercropping treatment between green mustard with basil, together with chicken manure and without <em>B. thuringiensis</em>. Meanwhile, the pattern of agroecosystem management of green mustard that can increase the production of green mustard and RCR value on the organic wetlands planted in the dry season was the intercropping treatment between green mustard with leek, together with chicken manure, and without <em>B. thuringiensis</em>.

scholarly journals Effects of fresh and digested cowdung and poultry litter on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Shahariar ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
B Saha ◽  
G Chakraborty ◽  
M Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season in the experimental field of BCSIR to see the effects of fresh and digested cowdung (CD) and poultry litter (PL) bio-slurry on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (CRBD) with six different treatments including control. Cabbage variety Atlas-70 was transplanted at the age of 35 days and was harvested at 120 days. Plant height, circumference, marketable weights and whole plant weight were examined to perceive the effects on the growth and yield of cabbages. The experiment revealed that both digested PL and CD bio-slurry had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on the growth and yield components of cabbage. Increased plant growth and yield were in the order of digested PL bio-slurry > digested CD bio-slurry > fresh PL > fresh CD in combination with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Among the treatments, the highest head yield of cabbage (97.6 t ha-1) was obtained from RDF + 5 t ha-1 digested PL bio-slurry which was 366 % higher than the control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15382 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 1-6, 2013

scholarly journals Effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer on growth and productivity of Rhizobia inoculated and non-inoculated beans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Olet ◽  
David Mubiru
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Significant Difference

Agriculture has been the most contributing sector towards Uganda’s economy. However, its output has always been hampered by declining soil fertility leading to reduced yields, increased agricultural losses, and malnourishment among low-income earners. In Uganda, there is scanty research about the effectiveness of either organic or inorganic fertilizers in crop production. Therefore, there was a need to establish the effectiveness of inorganic fertilizer (N: P: K; 17:17:17) and organic fertilizer (poultry manure/litter) on the growth, and productivity of rhizobia inoculated and non-inoculated bio-fortified NAROBEAN 2 variety, which is rich in iron and zinc, high yielding and drought resistant.  A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted at Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MBAZARDI). Poultry litter was applied at the rate of (10t/ha), N: P: K 17:17:17 at 20.3 kg ha-1, and Rhizobia at 250g per 15 kg of beans. Treatments were; Rhizobia + N: P: K 17:17:17 (M 1), Rhizobia + Poultry litter (M 2), Rhizobia only (M 3), Poultry litter only (M 4), N: P: K 17:17:17 only (M 5) and the control (M 6). Growth parameters included the number of leaves, branches, and shoot height; and productivity parameters included the number of pods produced per plant and economic yield. Statistical analyses were done at 5% level of significance. The growth parameters showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) while the bean grain yield and productivity were significantly different (p < 0.05) under the various treatments. Rhizobia + Poultry litter and N: P: K 17:17:17 only, produced the highest effect on both growth and productivity as compared to other treatments. Application of rhizobia with poultry manure was the best soil treatment for increasing the growth and productivity of NAROBEAN 2. This will increase production, food security, abate malnutrition, and sustainably improve soil quality.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PISANG MULI (Musa acuminata L.) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK GUANO

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Norasyifah Norasyifah ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Ilyas ◽  
Tuti Herlina Wati Wati ◽  
Kani Kani ◽  
Mahdiannoor Mahdiannoor
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Bunch Length ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant

Banana plants are plants that from the roots to the leaves can be used for human purposes. But the quantity and quality of production is still low, to increase production, it needs special treatment with fertilization. In addition to being a banana producer, Balangan Regency also has the potential for guano fertilizer. The purpose of this study was (i) to find out the growth and yield of muli bananas by guano organic fertilizer (ii) to get the best dose of guano organic fertilizer for optimal growth and yield of muli banana. This research was conducted in Kambiyain Village, Tebing Tinggi District, Balangan Regency, South Kalimantan Province, from March 2018 - May 2019. This experiment used a single randomized block design (RBD), the factor studied was the administration of various doses of guano fertilizer (G) consisting of 4 levels , namely: g1 = 10 tons. ha-1 is equivalent to 3.3 kg. 1, g2 = 15 tons. ha-1 is equivalent to 4.95 kg. 1, g3 = 20 tons. ha-1 is equivalent to 6 , 6 kg. -1, g4 = 25 tons. ha-1 is equivalent to 8.25 kg. -1. Each experimental treatment consisted of 4 combinations and repeated 6 times, so that 24 experimental units were obtained. Where each experimental unit consists of 2 plants so that the whole plant has 48 plants. The results showed the growth of plant height aged 2, 3 and 4 month after planting (MAP); number of leaves aged 4 MAP; stem diameters 2, 3 and 4 showed a response to the growth of muli banana plants against various doses of guano fertilizer on podsolic fields. In generative growth only affects many fruits per comb, while at flowering time, harvest age, bunch length and many combs do not respond to the administration of various doses of guano fertilizer on podsolic fields. The best dose of guano fertilizer was g4 (25 ton.ha-1) for the growth of mauli banana plants on podsolic fields.

scholarly journals POTENSI AZOLLA SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PUPUK KANDANG PADA BUDIDAYA PADI ORGANIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Bambang Hendro Sunarminto ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Productive Tiller

<p><em>One of problems</em><em> faced by farmers in the rice cultivation with organic system is organic fertilizer limited, especially for farmers who do not have livestock. Azolla is one of materials that can be used as organic fertilizer. </em><em>The aim of the research was to determine whether Azolla (Azolla mycrophylla </em>L<em>.) is able to meet the nutrient needs of some rice varieties on organic rice cultivation. The experiment used factorial complete randomized block design with three factors and three replications. </em><em>Azolla was spread at days after transplanting and at 25 days after transplanting, 75% of Azolla was incorporated into soil and the rest was left up until rice were harvested. Meanwhile, cow manure was distributed after tillage. The treatment consisted of </em><em>rice varieties (Mira1, Mentik Wangi and Red and White), Azolla (0 and 2 tons / ha) and manure (0 and 10 tons / ha). The result showed that </em><em>Azolla did not significantly increase growth and yield of rice, despite it could increase the  N uptake 5,4% and P uptake P 17,3% , weight of dry straw, dry grain and 1,000 seeds by 5,86%, 12.7%, 7.37% than without Azolla respectively. Azolla 2 tons/ha with manure 10 tons/ha were able to increase N uptake by 7.6%, the uptake P by 13.7% and the of productive tiller number by 9.88%. From the standpoint of crop yields with organic system, a single use of Azolla has not been able to replace manure</em>.<em> </em></p>

Chitosan and microbial inoculants in whole-plant soybean silage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J. P. G. de Morais ◽  
R. Cantoia Júnior ◽  
T. M. Garcia ◽  
E. Capucho ◽  
M. Campana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Whole-plant soybean silage (WPSS) is a potential high-protein roughage source for ruminant diets. However, WPSS can be difficult to ensile and fermentation is a challenge. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan and microbial inoculants on fermentation profile, fermentation losses, chemical composition, and in vitro degradation of WPSS. Forty experimental silos (PVC tubing with 28 cm i.d. and 25 cm height) were produced. Soybean plants from 10 plots were ensiled in a completely randomized block design to evaluate the following treatments: (1) control (CON): WPSS without additives; (2) chitosan (CHI): WPSS additive with 6 g/kg DM of chitosan; (3) LBB: WPSS treated with 5.0 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of Lactobacillus buchneri (NCIM 40788) per kg of fresh matter and (4) LPP: WPSS treated with 1.6 × 108 CFU of Lactobacillus plantarum and 1.6 × 108 CFU of Pediococcus acidilactici per kg of fresh matter. Silos were opened 120 days after ensiling. Microbial inoculants reduced silage pH, whereas LPP-treated silos showed the lowest concentration of NH3-N, ethanol, butyric, acetic, branched-chain, and propionic organic acids. LBB-treatment decreased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count relative to other treatments, and LPP-treatment showed the lowest fermentation losses, improving dry matter (DM) recovery. Relative to other treatments, LPP increased silage DM, organic matter, and decreased acid detergent insoluble crude protein (CP), improving DM and neutral detergent fibre in vitro degradation. Treatments showed no effect on silage aerobic stability. Thus, LPP-treatment improves fermentation profile, reduces fermentation losses, and increases the nutritional value of WPSS.

ESTIMATION OF CONSUMPTIVE USE OF POTATO CROP PIANTED UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY USING SWRT TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
J.N. Abedalrahman ◽  
R.J. Mansor ◽  
D.R. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Spring Season

A field experiment was carried out in the field of the College of Agriculture / University of Wasit, located on longitude  45o   50o   33.5o   East and latitude 32o 29o 49.8o North, in Spring season of the agricultural season 2019, in order to estimate the water consumption of potato crop using SWRT technology and under the drip irrigation system. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments that include of the SWRT treatment (the use of plastic films under the plant root area in an engineering style), and the treatment of vegetal fertilizer (using Petmos), organic fertilizer (sheep manure), and the control treatment . Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)  var. Burin was planted for spring season on 10/2/2019 at the soil depth of 5-10 cm. The highest reference water consumption for the potato crop during the season was calculated by Najeeb Kharufa, which was 663.03 mm. The highest actual water consumption for the potato crop during the season for the control treatment was 410.1 mm. The results showed increase in the values of the crop coefficient (Kc) in the stages of tubers formation and tubers filling stage as compared to the vegetative and ripening stages, ranged from 1.37-1.92 for the two stages of tubers formation and tubers filling. The SWRT treatment gave the highest water use efficiency during the season, was 3.46 kg m-3 .

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