Genetic divergence among accessions of Manihot spp.

The aim of this study was to perform a morphological and morphoagronomic analysis of wild Manihot species from a Brazilian semiarid region for inclusion in the collection at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba. To characterize the 55 accessions, 12 quantitative and 18 qualitative descriptors were used. A dissimilarity matrix was generated by Mahalanobis generalized distance (D²), and clusters were identified by the UPGMA method. It was possible to verify the formation of 8 dissimilar groups based on morphological characters and 5 groups based on morphometric characters, indicating the presence of genetic diversity among accessions. The evaluated morphometric variable with the greatest relative contribution was the length between the central lobe. Based on the dissimilarity matrix, the accessions 16 x 48 were the most genetically distant accessions, followed by 47 x 49. The accessions 4 Monteiro, 16 Soledad, 38 Boa Vista, 3 Pedra Lavrada, 7 Junco, 10 Barra de Santa Rosa, 21 Monteiro, and 39 Junco are the most promising and can be used as parents in breeding programs for this forage species.

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Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Abdulrasyid Tolangara ◽

ALOYSIUS DURAN COREBIMA ◽

ABDU MAS’UD ◽

SUNDARI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Morphological Character ◽

Short Communication ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Insight Into ◽

Citrus Spp ◽

Molecular Characters ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. Tolangara A, Corebima AD, Mas'ud A, Sundari. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 21: 1908-1913. One effort to build the image of Indonesian lemon can be by utilizing local genetic resources of Citrus spp. One of the growth centra lemon regions in North Maluku is Ternate Island. In Ternate island, cui (C. macrocarpa) is dominantly cultivated besides that there are Suanggi (C. histryx), nipis (C. aurantiifolia), and lemon (C sinensis). The genetic diversity of these local lemons in North Maluku, especially in Ternate, has not been scientifically reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of local lemons found on the island of Ternate based on morphological character and RAPD molecular analyses. A total of 12 accessions of local lemons in Ternate island to studied for morphological and molecular characters. Observation of morphological and morphometric characters of the lemons on 117 characters of vegetative and generative organs in lemons. Observation of molecular characters using three primers, i.e.: OPA1, OPA 2, and OPA 3 in the RAPD technique. The morphological character and molecular character using UPGMA analysis showed similar results. Ternate Island has moderate diversity of lemon species (75% based on morphological characters and 73% based on RAPD markers). Cluster analysis indicates that cui (C. macrocarpa) has the most distinctive autapomorphic character compared to the other local lemon varieties. Nipis (C.auratiifolia) and Suanggi (C. hystrix) shared 75% synapomorphic character similarity. This genetic diversity information provides a novel insight into the lemon commodity breeding programs which can be encouraged through the selection of superior local lemons based on morphological and molecular markers.

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Genetic diversity in accessions of melon belonging to momordica group

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180218 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 253-258

Author(s):

Ricardo N Valadares ◽

Roberto A Melo ◽

Isabel VF Sarinho ◽

Natália S Oliveira ◽

Fernando AT Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Solid Content ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Seed Length ◽

Dissimilarity Matrix ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Soluble Solid

ABSTRACT The genetic divergence of melon genotypes belonging to momordica group, collected in five Brazilian States, was estimated, and the relative contribution of the morphological characters was determined for the genetic variability. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates. We evaluated 19 accessions of melon, momordica group, two accessions of cantaloupensis group and two commercial cultivars of inodorus group. These genotypes were characterized by 42 morphological descriptors. The data were submitted to Tocher and UPGMA grouping methods using the genetic dissimilarity matrix, using Mahalanobis’ distance. Singh criterion was used to identify the relative contribution of each character to the genetic divergence. Four groups of similarity were obtained in both multivariate techniques, with agreement between hierarchical UPGMA and Tocher grouping methods. The characters: pistil scar size, soluble solid content, seed length, fruit length and cotyledon length contributed with approximately 53.86% to genetic divergence among genotypes.

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Indian and Exotic Genotypes of Brassica juncea using Phenotypic Evaluation

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5502 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vivek K. Singh ◽

Ram Avtar ◽

Mahavir . ◽

Nisha Kumari ◽

Manjeet . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Germplasm Management ◽

Dissimilarity Matrix ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Mean Values ◽

Dissimilarity Coefficients

Background: Rapeseed-mustard is one of the most important oilseed crops in India, however, its genetic diversity is barely known. A better understanding on this topic is essential for the proper utilization of genotypes in crop improvement. Methods: Present study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 95 diverse genotypes of Brassica juncea (L.) in paired rows of 4 m length with a spacing of 30 x 10-15 cm (row × plant). Data were recorded on 11 different agro-morphological characters. Result: All the 95 genotypes were grouped into five distinct clusters based on Manhattan dissimilarity coefficients. Amongst the five clusters, cluster V and IV had the maximum number of genotypes (35 and 23 genotypes respectively) and cluster II with least number of genotypes (three). The Manhattan dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.741 to 8.299. Based on the genetic dissimilarity matrix, the maximum dissimilarity (8.299) was observed between the genotypes, DRMRIJ-15-133 and M 62. Cluster III recorded for medium plant height with medium early maturity and cluster I, had maximum mean values for most of the agro-morphological traits. The present work indicated the presence of high genetic diversity among genotypes, which can be used in future breeding programmes for developing mustard cultivars and germplasm management purposes.

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Characterisation and genetic diversity analysis of selected chickpea cultivars of nine countries using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10165 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tadesse Sefera ◽

Bekele Abebie ◽

Pooran M. Gaur ◽

Kebebew Assefa ◽

Rajeev K. Varshney

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Dna Fingerprint ◽

Pedigree Information ◽

Sequence Repeat ◽

Dissimilarity Matrix ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Simple Sequence ◽

Chickpea Cultivars

The genomic DNA profiles of 48 chickpea cultivars released in nine countries and of historical significance to the chickpea breeding programs at ICRISAT and in Ethiopia were evaluated using 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Across the cultivars, a total of 504 alleles representing the 48 SSR loci were detected with frequencies ranging from three to 22 (mean 10.5) alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) for the SSR markers varied from 0.37 to 0.91 (mean 0.77). A subset of only three highly informative SSR markers (TA176, TA2, TA180) enabled complete discrimination among all 48 chickpea cultivars tested. Hierarchical neighbour-joining UPGMA cluster analysis based on simple matching dissimilarity matrix resolved the 48 cultivars into two major clusters representing desi and kabuli types. These cluster groupings of the cultivars were consistent with the pedigree information available for the cultivars as to the phenotypic classes of chickpea types. Analysis of the temporal patterns of the SSR diversity by classifying 48 chickpea cultivars into four periods of release revealed increasing tendencies in the overall genetic diversity from 0.42 for the earliest varieties developed in the 1970s to 0.62 for those released in the 1980s, and reached a maximum and equivalent level of 0.72 for the varieties developed in the 1990s and 2000s. Overall, the study ascertained that SSRs provide powerful marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in chickpeas, thereby proving useful for selection of parents in breeding programs and also for DNA fingerprint identification of cultivars.

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Nutritional potential of forage species found in Brazilian Semiarid region

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2016.12.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K.C. Santos ◽

A.L.R. Magalhães ◽

D.K.A. Silva ◽

G.G.L. Araújo ◽

G.M. Fagundes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Semiarid Region ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Forage Species ◽

Nutritional Potential

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GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ACCESSIONS OF Stylosanthes spp. USING MORPHOAGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n112rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 101-112

Author(s):

RONALDO SIMÃO DE OLIVEIRA ◽

MANOEL ABÍLIO DE QUEIRÓZ ◽

ROBERTO LISBOA ROMÃO ◽

GRÉCIA CAVALCANTI DA SILVA ◽

BRUNO PORTELA BRASILEIRO

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Breeding Programme ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Human Populations ◽

Semiarid Environment ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Overall Evaluation ◽

Plant Breeding Programme

ABSTRACT: The great diversity of plants in the Brazilian Semiarid environment represents a vital natural resource for the human populations of these areas. Many of these plants have been subject to extractivism and among these, the species of the genus Stylosanthes, which have occurrence in this region, show great potential, however, studies on this topic are limited, and little is known about the existing variability among these plants. Therefore, further study is necessary, to facilitate the development of cultivars. This might reduce the scarcity of fodder supply in this region, but to commence a plant breeding programme, it is essential to identify genetic variability. Therefore, this study evaluated 25 accessions of Stylosanthes spp., to identify the most suitable candidates to be parents in a plant breeding programme for the semiarid region of the state of Bahia. Two experiments were carried out in different sites in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replicates, with a spacing of 3.0 × 8.0 m. A large amount of genetic diversity was observed among accessions and the genotypes BGF 08-007, BGF 08-016, BGF 08-015 and BGF 08-021 were the most divergent in the overall evaluation. For the structuring of segregating populations, it is recommended to combine the genotypes BGF 08-016, BGF 08-015, BGF 08-007 and BGF 08-006, and for the interspecific crosses, a hybrid from the accession BGF-024 with the accessions BGF 08-016 or BGF 08-015. This might generate superior individuals for mass descriptors, which are the most important for animal forage breeding.

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GENETIC AND MORPHOAGRONOMIC DIVERSITY OF Passiflora spp. BASED ON QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF FLOWERS AND FRUITS

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452017003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JAMILE DA SILVA OLIVEIRA ◽

FÁBIO GELAPE FALEIRO ◽

NILTON TADEU VILELA JUNQUEIRA ◽

MARCELO LIBINDO VIANA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

Diversity Studies ◽

Generalized Distance

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize Passiflora spp. accessions and its genetic diversity based on quantitative morphological descriptors of flowers and fruits. The study was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF. Fifteen Passiflora spp. accessions were characterized using 14 quantitative morphological descriptors. Genetic distances among accessions were estimated based on Mahalanobis’ generalized distance. Cluster analysis via dendrogram and graphic dispersion was analyzed. The relative contribution of characters for accession divergence was also calculated. The morphoagronomic characterization based on quantitative descriptors of flowers and fruits contributed to the differentiation of Passiflora spp. accessions, serving as an important tool for variability quantification. This information is useful to perform Passiflora spp. characterization and genetic diversity studies.

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Genetic Diversity of Norovirus Infections, Coinfections, and Undernutrition in Children From Brazilian Semiarid Region

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition ◽

10.1097/mpg.0000000000002085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. e117-e122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafhaella D.G. Gondim ◽

Rafaela C. Pankov ◽

Mara M.G. Prata ◽

Pedro H.Q.S. Medeiros ◽

Herlice N. Veras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Brazilian Semiarid

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Genetic Diversity and Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.: A Survivor Palm Species of the Semiarid

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n6p373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Luciana Rodrigues de Souza ◽

Helbert Fagundes Soares ◽

Sara Luiza Ramos Ribeiro ◽

Afrânio Farias de Melo Junior ◽

Murilo Malveira Brandão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Effective Number ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Palm Species

The species Syagrus oleracea is a native palm tree, present in highly impacted environments of the Brazilian semiarid. This species is exploited for use in the manufacture of folk crafts and for human and animal feeding. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of individuals from different populations, located in anthropic regions of the Brazilian semiarid region, in the state of Minas Gerais. This information is important for species management and conservation strategies. Thus, we used ISSR molecular markers in 157 individuals in seven populations of S. oleracea. Looking at the results, one can observe that amplifications of 109 locos occurred and that an average of 18, 17 alleles were found on each primer, values that demonstrated that the ISSR technique used was highly efficient. The genetic diversity indexes were observed, showing expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon index (I) of 0.260 and 0.383, respectively. The number of alleles observed (na) among populations was 1.954 and the effective number of alleles (ne) was 1,606. Individuals of the populations are genetically structured in groups (demes) in a random and aggregate manner. We obtained the amplification of 109 ISSR loci, with a mean of 18.2 alleles per primer. The genetic diversity indexes revealed expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon index (I) of 0.260 and 0.383, respectively. The number of alleles observed (na) was 1.954 and the effective number of alleles (ne) was 1.606. The value of the indirect gene flow found was 1.546. Evidence of high levels of kinship in populations was found, possibly due to low migration rates and geographical barrier. In addition, we observed signs of overexploitation in the areas, which consequently leads to a low rate of gene flow, occurring inbreeding among the sampled populations of Syagrus oleracea.

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