scholarly journals Ammonia loss from protected urea in soil under different irrigation depths

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e46764
Author(s):  
Marcelo Curitiba Espindula ◽  
Giovana Menonci Rodovalho ◽  
Alaerto Luiz Marcolan ◽  
Iara Magalhães Barberena ◽  
Henrique Nery Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Efficient Inhibitor ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Nitric Nitrogen ◽  
Porto Velho

This study presents an evaluation of the viability of using protected urea under different irrigation depths to reduce nitrogen losses caused by the volatilization of ammonia (NH3) under the conditions of the Southwestern Amazon. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Rondônia, in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a Red-Yellow Latosol and arranged in a 5 x 6 factorial design consisting of a combination of five treatments (N sources) with six irrigation depths. The sources of N were as follows: 1) urea (45.5% N); 2) urea (44.3% N) + 0.15% copper and 0.4% boron; 3) urea (45% N) + NBPT; 4) urea (43% N) + sulfur (1%); and 5) control (without N). The irrigation depths were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm. The results showed that, regardless of the use of urease inhibitors, an irrigation depth of 10 mm is suitable for incorporating urea into the soil and stabilizing N losses from NH3 volatilization. NBPT is the most efficient inhibitor under nonirrigated conditions. All N sources promote increases in the concentrations of nitric and ammonia nitrogen in the soil. In the first 15 days after fertilizer application, the highest concentrations of ammonium were in the 0 - 10 cm and 10 - 20 cm soil layers, and NBPT showed the highest ammonium content compared to that of the other sources in the 0 - 10 cm layer. The nitric nitrogen content in the soil was slightly influenced by the irrigation depth in the first 15 days after fertilizer application. However, the ammonia nitrogen content decreased exponentially with the increase in irrigation depth due to the movement of ammonia in the soil.

Yield and chlorophyll index in cabbage in function of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
J. J. Frazão ◽  
A. R. Silva ◽  
F. H. M. Salgado ◽  
R. A. Flores ◽  
E. P. F. Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control

The increase of the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization promotes reduction of the applied dose and decreases the losses of nitrogen (N) to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) in cabbage crop under cover fertilization, using enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, compared to urea, in variable doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme (three sources, four rates and control), with four replications. The N sources used were: common urea (U), urea treated with urease inhibitor NBPT® (UN) and Kimcoat® polymer coated urea (UK). The N rates used were 0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1, divided in two fertilizations at 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Up to 160 kg ha-1 of N, there was no difference between N sources and N rates for both yield and RCI. The enhanced-efficiency N sources (UN and UK) promoted higher averages compared to common urea, possibly due to the higher N losses from common urea. Thus, the use of urease inhibitors or polymers associated with urea is a promising strategy to improve cabbage yield, as well as reducing N losses to the environment.

scholarly journals DOSES AND SPLIT NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF ARUGULA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
CAMILA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
CAROLINA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

ABSTRACT Splitting nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can be an efficient nutrient management technique to improve productivity and plant quality, as well as to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by N losses. In this context, the present study investigated how the management of N affects the agronomic characteristics of field-grown arugula plants. Nine treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design, in a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The evaluated factors were doses of N (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1), split N fertilizer applications at side-dress (two and three times) and an additional treatment without a N supply. Maximum height was obtained with the application of 198 kg N ha-1. Nitrate content, fresh mass and productivity increased with increasing N doses. There was no effect of split N fertilizer applications on the characteristics evaluated. Therefore, the supply of 240 kg N ha-1 divided into two portions was considered as the best management strategy.

TRANSFORMATIONS AND DISPOSITION OF LATE-FALL APPLIED NITROGEN DURING WINTER IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-565
Author(s):  
F. SELLES ◽  
A. J. LEYSHON ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Prairie farmers are interested in applying nitrogen (N) in the fall or winter to reduce fertilizer costs and allow a better distribution of labor and machinery use. Two studies were conducted in southwestern Saskatchewan to determine the consequences of applying N in late fall. In the laboratory, fertilizer N barely penetrated into the snow at constant subzero temperatures, but under freeze-thaw conditions, urea and ammonium nitrate descended 27 cm in 3 d. In the field, ammonium nitrate and urea were applied to snow-covered and bare microplots of grass sod and cereal stubble (1981–1982) and grass sod only (1985–1986). Nitrogen from ammonium nitrate penetrated deeper into the snow than N from urea. Nitrogen recovery in April 1982 was 55–59% from ammonium nitrate and 39–51% from urea, but was near 100% for both sources on bare soil treatments in April 1986. More N was recovered when fertilizer was applied to bare than to snow-covered soil, especially during 1985–1986 when all the applied fertilizer was blown off the snow-covered plots. Mineral N generally declined from fall to spring in all treatments, probably because of denitrification and immobilization. In 1985–1986, a period of extremely low temperatures in late fall resulted in no movement or transformation of N until after early December. By late January, periods of above-zero soil temperatures resulted in substantial mineralization of soil organic N, in the fertilized plots. This apparent priming effect was attributed to perturbations in the organic matter and microbial biomass due to fertilizer application and freezing and thawing. Following this period there was a general decrease in mineral N towards spring, as observed in 1981–1982. Producers must consider the benefits of using labor and equipment more efficiently and of lower fertilizer cost in the fall against the risk of large potential N losses over winter. Key words: Urea, ammonium nitrate, N recovery, frozen soils, fertilizing in winter

Micromethod for determining plasma ammonia nitrogen with use of an ion-selective electrode.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Cooke ◽  
R L Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Plasma Ammonia

Abstract A micromethod for measuring the ammonia nitrogen content of plasma by use of an ion-selective electrode is evaluated and described. The effect of storing plasma for 24, 48, and 72 h at -70 degrees C was evaluated. Values for newborns and fasting adults were 880 micrograms/L (SD, 210 micrograms/L) and 620 micrograms/L (SD, 170 micrograms/L), respectively.

scholarly journals Soil chemistry changes in green alder [Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) C. Koch] stands in mountain areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V Podrázský ◽  
I. Ulbrichová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Green Alder ◽  
The Status

The present study documents the effects of green alder [Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) C. Koch] on the uppermost forest soil layers in mountain areas, respectively in the summit part of the Jizerské hory Mts. Pedochemical characteristics of holorganic horizons in stands of this species, established in 1992 on a clear-cut caused by air pollution, were compared to the status of soils in stands of bog pine (Pinus rotundata Link.). Extreme site conditions and young age of both stand types resulted in low effects on the humus forms in the first decade. Despite of this, enrichment in total nitrogen content and tendency to acidification due to nitrate leaching were obvious and statistically significant in green alder stands.

Enzymolysis Optimization of Walnut Residue Protein Using Trypsase

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1203-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Ying Zhang ◽  
Yin Zhe Ren
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Degree

The enzymolysis of walnut residue protein was investigated using trypsase, and the best process conditions were studied by one-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The result showed that the influential degree weakened as follows sequence: temperature, pH, enzyme quantity, and time. The optimum conditions were temperature 53 °C, pH 8.3, enzyme quantity 0.85%, and time 2.5 h. The enzymolysis liquid obtained was thickly fragrant, nigger-brown, and not bitter. Its ammonia-nitrogen content was 6.98 g/100 g, and hydrolysis degree was 15.76%.

scholarly journals Long-term Dynamics of Ammonia Nitrogen Content and Runoff in the muddle Amur Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Runoff Changes ◽  
The Songhua River

The long-term dynamic of the content and runoff of ammonia nitrogen in the water of the Middle Amur are discussed. There are decreasing of ammonia runoff in 1.4 times in comparison with 1981-2000, and dominance of nitrate nitrogen in runoff of mineral forms in recent years. Trends in runoff changes are due to transformation on the watershed. At present anthropogenic components of runoff is formed by the Songhua River runoff and is more pronounced in the wintertime.

scholarly journals The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Qasim ◽  
Yiming Zhao ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Haofeng Lv ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Deep Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Abstract Background About 30 % of vegetables in China are produced in intensively managed greenhouses comprising flood irrigation and extreme rates of nitrogen fertilizers. Little is known about denitrification N losses. Methods Soil denitrification rates were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique applied to anaerobically incubated soil samples. Four different greenhouse management systems were differentiated: Conventional flood irrigation and over-fertilization (CIF, 800 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); CIF plus straw incorporation (CIF+S, 889 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer application rates (DIF, 314 kg N ha−1, 190 mm); DIF plus straw incorporation (DIF+S, 403 kg N ha−1, 190 mm). Soil denitrification was measured on nine sampling dates during the growing season (Feb 2019-May 2019) for the top-/ subsoil (0 – 20/ 20- 40 cm) and on three sampling dates for deep soils (40-60/ 80-100 cm). Data was used to constrain N-input-output balances of the different vegetable production systems. Results Rates of denitrification were at least one magnitude higher in topsoil than in sub- and deep soils. Total seasonal denitrification N losses for the 0 – 40 cm soil layer ranged from 76 (DIF) to 422 kg N ha−1 (CIF+S). Straw addition stimulated soil denitrification in top- and subsoil, but not in deep soil layers. Integrating our denitrification data (0-100 cm) with additional data on N leaching, N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and NH3 volatilization showed, that on average 50 % of added N fertilizers are lost due to denitrification. Conclusions Denitrification is likely the dominant environmental N loss pathway in greenhouse vegetable production systems. Reducing irrigation and fertilizer application rates while incorporating straw in soils allows the reduction of accumulated nitrate.

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