scholarly journals Overall heritability in popcorn estimated by meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53721
Author(s):  
Luiz Rafael Clóvis ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Renan Santos Uhdre ◽  
Jocimar Costa Rosa ◽  
Hugo Zeni Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Statistical Assumptions ◽  
Box Plot ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and test its efficiency in summarizing the heterogeneous data of heritability estimates for the traits of grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), and to provide reliable estimates of selection gains in popcorn. Therefore, 97 heritability estimates ( ) for popcorn GY and PE in the broad and narrow sense were used. The main procedures underlying the estimation of the combined heritability ( ) using the technique of meta-analysis consisted of i) an exploratory analysis of the set of heritability estimates to detect outliers using a box-plot chart, ii) the verification of the required statistical assumptions, iii) testing the involved heritability estimates for homogeneity, and iv) the calculation of the estimates of combined heritability. The meta-analysis facilitated the synthesis of the information pertaining to heritability in popcorn. The combined heritability estimates ( ) in the broad sense for GY and PE were 0.5208 ± 0.0229 and 0.6356 ± 0.0209, respectively, and in the narrow sense were 0.3290 ± 0.0292 and 0.3083 ± 0.0298, respectively.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Colletotrichum Species in Strawberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton L. Gupton ◽  
Barbara J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Selection Of

Experiments were conducted to estimate the relative importance of additive and dominance genetic variances and non-allelic interactions in the inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Progeny of 40 parents crossed in a Comstock and Robinson Design II Mating scheme were inoculated with three isolates of C. fragariae and one isolate of C. acutatum. Disease development on each plant was rated visually. Variance components were estimated and converted to genetic variances. Estimates of were six to 10 times higher than those for Within-family variance not accounted for by equaled 35% and 38% of the total genetic variance in females and males, respectively, indicating probable epistatic effects. The frequency distribution of disease severity ratings was bimodal in both experiments, suggesting major gene action. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were 0.37 and 0.26, and broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.87 and 0.85 for females and males, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability estimates are probably sufficient to produce gains from recurrent selection. Gains from selection of clonal value should be possible because of the high broad sense heritability estimates. It appears feasible to establish a broad genetic-based population resistant to Colletotrichum spp. from which selections could be evaluated per se and/or recombined to produce improved populations.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR SOME FLOWERING AND VEGETATIVE TRAITS IN MAIZE USING THE DIALLEL CROSS METHOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Maamoun Ahmed Abdel-Moneam ◽  
M.S. Sultan ◽  
S.E. Sadek ◽  
M.S. Shalof
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Combined Data

A diallel cross among inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) with medium maturity and an evaluation to estimate the genetic parameters for days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant and ear heights, resistance to late wilt disease, ear position were carried out. Mean squares were significant for all of the studied traits. Hybrids mean squares were highly significant for the all studied traits under both planting dates and combined analysis, except days to 50% silking. Indicating that the hybrids performance differed from planting date to another. The highest negative heterosis effect was exhibited by cross P5XP2, P6 x P2, P2 x P6, P3 x P5and P3 x P6 over better parent, crosses P5 x P2 , P6 x P2 and P2 x P6 over mid- parents and crosses P5 x P1, P3 x P2 , P4 x P2 ,P5 x P2 , P6 x P2 , P2 x P6 , P3 x P5 and P3 x P6 over check varieties for tasseling date. For days to 50% silking showed that highest significant and negative heterotic effect was exhibited by crosses P6 x P1, P6 x P2, P2 x P6, P4 x P3 and P3 x P6 over mid- parents and all crosses had highly significant and negative heterosis over check varieties, the highest significant and negative heterotic effects were reported by P6 x P1, P6 x P2, P2 x P6, P4x P3 and P3 x P6 over mid- parents and, P3 x P2, P4 x P2 reciprocal, P5 x P2, P6 x P2 and P3 x P6 over check varieties, The highest significant and positive heterotic effect was exhibited by P3 x P5 and P4 x P3 (40.35 and 37.46%) over better-parent and mid-parents respectively, P4 x P2 (13.93%) highest negative significant heterotic effect over check varieties for plant height. For ear height cross P4—P3 showed maximum negative heterosis over check varieties. For resistance to late wilt disease results regarding significant for crosses P1 x P3,P3 x P1,P1 x P4 ,P4 x P1,P1—P5 and P5 x P1 (1.522%) over mid-parents , indicating that these crosses are the best combinations for resistance to late wilt disease. For ear position , 25 crosses show highly significant and negative heterosis over better-parent value for ear position ,P4 x P3 showed maximum negative heterosis over better-parent and over mid-parents . Seven crosses show highly significant and negative heterosis over check varieties value for ear position, P6 x P4 (-8.92%) showed maximum negative heterosis over check varieties. Heritability estimates in broad sense were generally higher at combined data. In the combined data percentage of heritability in the narrow sense for studied traits ranged from 20% for plant height to 46% for days to 50% tasseling or silking. Heritability estimates were low for plant and ear heights in narrow sense (20% and 28%) and the same in broad sense (29% and 38%), respectively. Heritability estimates in broad sense were medium (29% -64%) of all studied traits. Hence it could be concluded that these crosses may be useful for improving maize grain yield program.

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and its Interaction with Temperature and Nitrogen on Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi ◽  
Bettina I.G Haussmann ◽  
Waqas Ahmed Malik ◽  
Petra Högy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract AimsThe general aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize and summarise the mean response of barley yield variables to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and its interaction with temperature and N fertilization. Methods The present study quantitatively synthesized the response of barley to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature, and Nitrogen (N). A meta-analysis procedure was used to analyse five yield variables of barley extracted from 76 articles to determine the effect size and the magnitude in relation to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature and N. Results CO2 enrichment increased biomass (23.8%), grain number (24.8%), grain yield (27.4%), and thousand-grain weight (5.6%). However, responses to eCO2 were affected by genotype, additional stress, and experimental conditions. In comparison, genotype “Anakin” shows the highest response of biomass (47.1%), while “Genebank accessions” had a higher grain number (46.1%) and grain yield (57.1%) under eCO2. The maximal enhancement of barley yield was observed when plants grow under a combination of eCO2 and higher nitrogen fertilizer (>100 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, biomass (-12%), and grain yield (-17%) responses were lower when eCO2 is combined with high temperature (>25 °C). It was further noted the response of barley yield to eCO2 was higher in the growth chamber than in other CO2 exposure methods. Moreover, comparing pot-rooted versus field-rooted barley plants, a higher response of biomass and grain yield was observed for pot-rooted plants. ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that the maximal barley production under eCO2 will be obtained in combination with high nitrogen fertilizer and optimal temperature (21-25 °C).

scholarly journals Genetic variation and correlation of agronomic traits in meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm) clones

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Renato Alves de Araújo ◽  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) is a recently introduced pasture grass in western Canada. Its leafy production and rapid regrowth have made it a major grass species for pasturing beef animals in this region. As relatively little breeding work has been done on this species, there is little information on its breeding behaviour. The main objective of this study was to estimate total genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations. Forty-four meadow bromegrass clones were evaluated for agronomic characters. Genetic variation for dry matter yield, seed yield, fertility index, harvest index, plant height, plant spread, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, was significant. Broad-sense heritability estimates exceeded 50% for all characters. Heritability estimates were at least 3.5 times greater than their standard errors. Phenotypic and genetic correlation between all possible characters were measured. There was general agreement in both sign and magnitude between genetic and phenotypic correlations. Correlations between the different characters demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously improve seed and forage yield. Based on the results, it appears that the development of higher yielding cultivars with higher crude protein, and lower acid and neutral detergent fibers concentration should be possible.

scholarly journals CO2-Induced Changes in Wheat Grain Composition: Meta-Analysis and Response Functions

Agronomy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Broberg ◽  
Petra Högy ◽  
Håkan Pleijel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) stimulates wheat grain yield, but simultaneously reduces protein/nitrogen (N) concentration. Also, other essential nutrients are subject to change. This study is a synthesis of wheat experiments with eCO2, estimating the effects on N, minerals (B, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn), and starch. The analysis was performed by (i) deriving response functions to assess the gradual change in element concentration with increasing CO2 concentration, (ii) meta-analysis to test the average magnitude and significance of observed effects, and (iii) relating CO2 effects on minerals to effects on N and grain yield. Responses ranged from zero to strong negative effects of eCO2 on mineral concentration, with the largest reductions for the nutritionally important elements of N, Fe, S, Zn, and Mg. Together with the positive but small and non-significant effect on starch concentration, the large variation in effects suggests that CO2-induced responses cannot be explained only by a simple dilution model. To explain the observed pattern, uptake and transport mechanisms may have to be considered, along with the link of different elements to N uptake. Our study shows that eCO2 has a significant effect on wheat grain stoichiometry, with implications for human nutrition in a world of rising CO2.

scholarly journals Antibacterial data synthesis challenges: a systematic review of treatments for complicated gram-negative urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Dillon ◽  
Jennifer Uyei ◽  
Rajpal Singh ◽  
Eilish McCann
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim: To determine the suitability of network meta-analysis (NMA) using antibacterial treatment evidence in complicated urinary tract infection. Materials & methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify published clinical trial data for complicated urinary tract infection treatments. We performed a feasibility assessment to determine whether the available evidence would support the creation of a robust NMA, considering key assumptions of homogeneity, similarity and consistency. Results: Twenty-five trials met eligibility criteria. Risk of bias was low, and individual studies met their primary end point(s). Assumptions central to the conduct of a robust NMA were not met. Heterogeneity was ubiquitous, including baseline pathogen, treatment and patient characteristics. Conclusion: Limited and heterogeneous data identified make the use of NMA to compare novel antibacterial agents impractical and likely unreliable.

scholarly journals ON ACCESSORY OBLIGATIONS IN RUSSIAN CIVIL LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1(82)) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
R. Truhan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Broad Understanding

In the science of civil law, two approaches to the understanding and interpretation of accessory have been formed.  The first approach can be defined as the understanding of accessory in the "narrow" sense, the second - in the "broad" sense. Russian civil law contains signs of accessory in the "narrow" sense. For this reason, the problem of the concept of "accessory" is seen, which is subject to the identification of an accessory legal relationship with a security obligation, which in turn impoverishes the idea of the role of accessory in the system of legal relationships. With the development of circulation and the complication of law, examples of accessory legal relations of a different kind appeared that were not related to security obligations, i.e. "Broad" understanding of accessory, which has an auxiliary, secondary nature of the obligation, which can not always have a security focus.  Russian arbitration courts have developed a number of rules to make up for the shortcomings of the institution of accessory in Russian civil law, and the possibility of using accessory in the "broad" sense. It is concluded that de jure the concept of accessory in Russian civil law is reflected in the "narrow" sense, and de facto, accessory is applied in the "broad" sense.

scholarly journals Replacing Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Different Types of Organic Materials Improves Grain Yield in China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Fan ◽  
Zekai Chen ◽  
Zihan Niu ◽  
Ruiyao Zeng ◽  
Jingmin Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer substitution (NSS) with different types of organic material is a cleaner agricultural practice for reducing the application of synthetic N input in farmlands while also relieving the environmental issues caused by the discharge of organic wastes. However, the effects of the NSS practice on crop yields, being the primary objective of agricultural activity, is still uncertain in China. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of the NSS practices with different types of organic materials on crop yields. Results showed that the average crop yield was increased by 3.4%, with significant differences under NSS, thereby demonstrating that this practice contributed to improving crop yields, especially of rice and maize. According to published reports, the NSS practices involving chicken manure, pig manure, and crop straw increased crop yields by 4.79, 7.68, and 3.28%, respectively, with significant differences, thus demonstrating the superior effects needed for replacing synthetic N fertilizer. Moreover, substitution ratios (SR) between 0% and 60% could be suggested when using the NSS practice, with the high SR recommended when the original soil fertility was adequate for crops. Considering the long-term effects of applied organic materials, improving the grain yield with the NSS practice should be expected in the long-term. By effectively applying the NSS, this study attempted to scientifically decide on the type of organic materials and the appropriate SR based on the conditions of the soil and the crop. The results provide research information for the development of clean agricultural production and food security in China.

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