Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al-Li Alloy Butt Joints
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new and promising welding process that can produce low-cost and high-quality joints of Al-Li alloy. In order to demonstrate the friction stir weldability of Al-Li alloy and determine optimum welding parameters, the effect of FSW welding parameters on the tensile properties of the Al-Li alloy butt joints has been studied in this paper. The results showed that, when the heat input increased, the ultimate strength and elongation of butt joints decreased. For the Al-Li alloy butt structure with the thickness of 2mm, the optimum parameters were the rotation speed of 600 rpm, the welding speed of 400mm/min, and the ultimate strength of butt structure was the maximum strength, arrived at 413MPa, equivalent to 83% that of the base material. Furthermore, it was found from the microstructural observation that, the welding parameters had obvious effect on the grain size of welded zone. As the heat input increasing, the grains of weld nugget and heat affected zone became larger accordingly. In addition, a special layered phenomenon appeared at tensile fracture surface, the tensile cracks initiated from the surface on welded zone near the thermomechanically affected zone(TMAZ) on the advancing side and then grew along the interface between the weld nugget and the TMAZ. The overall fracture mode was ductile - brittle hybrid fracture.