Methodology for Optimizing the Heating Capacity of Heat-Source Equipments in Double-Energy Radiator Heating System

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2743-2746
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Zhe Tian ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Qian Ru Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Minimum Operating ◽  
Optimal Heating ◽  
Sewage Source

The double-energy heating system studied in this paper is consisted of centrifugal sewage-source heat pumps and gas boilers. As the grade and price of the two kinds of energy are different, the heating capacity of the heat-source equipments would have a directly impact on the energy consumption and operating cost of the system. In order to obtain the optimal heating capacity of the heat-source equipments, the calculation models on equipments utilized in this system are firstly established, and then different combination patterns of the heat-source equipments were analyzed on the basis of minimum operating cost, finally, the optimal heating capacity of the heat-source equipments and the heating performance factor (HPF) of the system in different outdoor temperatures were obtained, the results indicate the average HPF of the system in the heating period is 3.57. The method and results provide reference for scientific design of the double-energy heating system.

Peak-Shaving Ratio Analysis of the Natural Gas Combined Heat and Power Plant With Distributed Peak-Shaving Heat Pumps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiling Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyin Wang ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Gas Price

Distributed peak-shaving heat pump technology is to use a heat pump to adjust the heat on the secondary network in a substation, with features of low initial investment, flexible adjustment, and high operating cost. The paper takes an example for the system that uses two 9F class gas turbines (back pressure steam) as the basic heat source and a distributed heat pump in the substation as the peak-shaving heat source. The peak-shaving ratio is defined as the ratio of the designed peak-shaving heat load and the designed total heat load. The economic annual cost is taken as a goal, and the optimal peak-shaving ratio of the system is investigated. The influence of natural gas price, electricity price, and transportation distance are also analyzed. It can provide the reference for the optimized design and operation of the system.

Optimization for Heating System Schemes Based on GRA Method

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bing ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Optimal Heating

In China, the overall economical performances of heating systems are not very high, there are still some problems of high energy consumption, high gas emission and low heat utilization. The energy conversation and emission reduction are two most important things. The option of the heating system schemes is the key to improve such situation. An optimal heating scheme will be a good beginning to the whole heating system. In this paper, the GRA (Grey Relation Analysis) method is introduced and used, and with the example of a heating district, the most used and upcoming used heating schemes are listed, calculated and compared by using the method of GRA. The option of a heating system scheme is a typical multi-objective decision-making problem. The schemes are the district boiler heating system (including gas-fired, oil-fired, and coal-fired boilers), solar energy heat pump system and combined heating and power system etc. In the process of optimization calculation, the aspects of energy saving, economics benefit, environment benefit and social benefit are concerned about, and the initial cost, operating cost, employment life, environment influence and system reliability are taken into account. According to the calculation results, combined heating and power system is proposed to be optimal heating system scheme.

scholarly journals Study on Air-to-Water Heat Pumps Seasonal Performances for Heating in Greece

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Mouzeviris ◽  
Konstantinos T. Papakostas
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heating Capacity

Air-to-water heat pumps (AWHPs) is a very good option for efficient heating in the residential and commercial building sectors. Their performance and therefore the use of primary energy and CO2 gas emissions are affected by various factors. The aim of this paper is to present a study on the seasonal coefficient of performance in heating (SCOP) of AWHPs, which are available in the Greek market. The sample consists of 100 models in total, offered by 12 manufacturers, in a range of heat pump’s thermal capacity up to 50 kW. The calculation of SCOP values was performed according to the methodology proposed by the EN14825 standard. The results indicate how the heating capacity, the local climate, the supply water temperature, the compressor’s technology, and the control system affect the seasonal performance of the various AWHP models examined. Setting the SCOP ≥ 3 value as a criterion, the analysis that was carried out in four climatic zones A, B, C, and D of Greece, shows that there are many models that meet this criterion, and, in fact, their number increases from the coldest to warmer climates, in combination with lower water supply temperatures to the heating system and a control system with weather compensation.

scholarly journals New Low-Temperature Central Heating System Integrated with Industrial Exhausted Heat Using Distributed Electric Compression Heat Pumps for Higher Energy Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6582
Author(s):  
Fangtian Sun ◽  
Yonghua Xie ◽  
Svend Svendsen ◽  
Lin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Central Heating

Industrial exhausted heat can be used as the heat source of central heating for higher energy efficiency. To recover more industrial exhausted heat, a new low-temperature central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat using distributed electric compression heat pumps is put forward and analyzed from the aspect of thermodynamics and economics. The roles played by the distributed electric compression heat pumps in improving both thermal performance and financial benefit of the central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat are greater than those by the centralized electric compression heat pumps. The proposed low-temperature central heating system has higher energy efficiency, better financial benefit, and longer economical distance of transmitting exhausted heat, and thus, its configuration is optimal. For the proposed low-temperature central heating system, the annual coefficient of performance, annual product exergy efficiency, heating cost, and payback period are about 22.2, 59.4%, 42.83 ¥/GJ, and 6.2 years, respectively, when the distance of transmitting exhausted heat and the price of exhausted heat are 15 km and 15 ¥/GJ, respectively. The economical distance of transmitting exhausted heat of the proposed low-temperature central heating system could approach 25.1 km.

scholarly journals Analysis of the incremental cost method and the net present value method applied in the energy sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00075
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Noch ◽  
Zdzisław Kusto
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Optimal Heating ◽  
Selection Of

The study characterizes hybrid sources applied in the power industry, created with the use of unconventional energy sources. An example of cooperation of heat pumps and conventional sources was used. The article notes the technological progress also concerning heat exchangers. To calculate economic efficiency, the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method were used. The article refers to the calculation of investment outlays and operating costs and repayment of a bank loan for individual heat sources. The possibility of assuming separate values of discount rates for the installation of heat pumps and hybrid boilers as well as the comparative installation were shown. Also included is the possibility of adopting a separate discount rate for income derived from savings associated with the purchase of fuel and energy and the sale of heat to a third party consumer. The analysis covered the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method. The computational algorithm contains costs of hybrid installation with heat pumps and costs of a comparative conventional installation in a version without revenues and with revenues from the sale of heat. Presented is the method of calculating the net present value in the next year of operation, discounting to the zero year and observing in which year the positive value will be obtained. Economic calculations, according to popular views, are the basis for choosing the optimal heating variant. Ecological effects and social demand may provide additional separate criteria in the selection of the heating system.

Combined Space-Heating/Water-Heating System Performance

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Baskin ◽  
John Spears
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
One Year

Abstract With increasing fuel prices, various energy-saving techniques have been considered for residential appliances. Space heating accounts for the largest energy use in residential applications. One method proposed by manufacturers to keep operating cost low is to combine residential water-heating and space-heating functions into a single system. This paper presents the field test results of the performance of a combined water-heating/space-heating system under actual usage conditions. The system was installed in an 1187 ft2 (110 m2) home (Green Home) located in the Washington DC area. Data were collected for a one-year period. The water-heating performance was established by evaluating the hot water usage data during the test period. Water-heating/space-heating performance was established by using hot water data plus the amount of hot water circulated for space heating during the winter months. Analysis of the data indicated that the system produces hot water at an efficiency averaging 48% for water heating in the summer months and produces hot water at an efficiency ranging between 63.5–69.4% for combined water-heating/space-heating during the winter months. The relative humidity was maintained in the home at substantially lower level than that of the outside air, and the inside temperature was kept at the desired setting.

scholarly journals Theoretical energy and exergy analyses of solar assisted heat pump space heating system

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl.2) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Atmaca ◽  
Sezgi Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Energy And Exergy

Due to use of alternative energy sources and energy efficient operation, heat pumps come into prominence in recent years. Especially in solar-assisted heat pumps, sizing the required system is difficult and arduous task in order to provide optimum working conditions. Therefore, in this study solar assisted indirect expanded heat pump space heating system is simulated and the results of the simulation are compared with available experimental data in the literature in order to present reliability of the model. Solar radiation values in the selected region are estimated with the simulation. The case study is applied and simulation results are given for Antalya, Turkey. Collector type and storage tank capacity effects on the consumed power of the compressor, COP of the heat pump and the overall system are estimated with the simulation, depending on the radiation data, collector surface area and the heating capacity of the space. Exergy analysis is also performed with the simulation and irreversibility, improvement potentials and exergy efficiencies of the heat pump and system components are estimated.

Energy management of a microgrid using demand response strategy including renewable uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Suchitra Dayalan ◽  
Rajarajeswari Rathinam
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Minimum Operating

Abstract Microgrid is an effective means of integrating multiple energy sources of distributed energy to improve the economy, stability and security of the energy systems. A typical microgrid consists of Renewable Energy Source (RES), Controllable Thermal Units (CTU), Energy Storage System (ESS), interruptible and uninterruptible loads. From the perspective of the generation, the microgrid should be operated at the minimum operating cost, whereas from the perspective of demand, the energy cost imposed on the consumer should be minimum. The main key in controlling the relationship of microgrid with the utility grid is managing the demand. An Energy Management System (EMS) is required to have real time control over the demand and the Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Demand Side Management (DSM) assesses the actual demand in the microgrid to integrate different energy resources distributed within the grid. With these motivations towards the operation of a microgrid and also to achieve the objective of minimizing the total expected operating cost, the DER schedules are optimized for meeting the loads. Demand Response (DR) a part of DSM is integrated with MG islanded mode operation by using Time of Use (TOU) and Real Time Pricing (RTP) procedures. Both TOU and RTP are used for shifting the controllable loads. RES is used for generator side cost reduction and load shifting using DR performs the load side control by reducing the peak to average ratio. Four different cases with and without the PV, wind uncertainties and ESS are analyzed with Demand Response and Unitcommittment (DRUC) strategy. The Strawberry (SBY) algorithm is used for obtaining the minimum operating cost and to achieve better energy management of the Microgrid.

scholarly journals Upgrading a District Heating System by Means of the Integration of Modular Heat Pumps, Geothermal Waters, and PVs for Resilient and Sustainable Urban Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hałaj ◽  
Jarosław Kotyza ◽  
Marek Hajto ◽  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The City

Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presents the conception of using the available renewable sources to integrate them into the city’s heating system, increasing the flexibility of the system and its decentralization. An innovative solution of the use of hybrid, modular heat pumps with power dependent on the needs of customers in a given location and combining them with geothermal waters and photovoltaics is presented. The potential of deep geothermal waters is based on two reservoirs built of carbonate rocks, namely Devonian and Upper Jurassic, which mainly consist of dolomite and limestone. The theoretical potential of water intake equal to the nominal heating capacity of a geothermal installation is estimated at 3.3 and 2.0 MW, respectively. Shallow geothermal energy potential varies within the city, reflecting the complex geological structure of the city. Apart from typical borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), the shallower water levels may represent a significant potential source for both heating and cooling by means of water heat pumps. For the heating network, it has been proposed to use modular heat pumps with hybrid sources, which will allow for the flexible development of the network in places previously unavailable or unprofitable. In the case of balancing production and demand, a photovoltaic installation can be an effective and sufficient source of electricity that will cover the annual electricity demand generated by the heat pump installation, when it is used for both heating and cooling. The alternating demand of facilities for heating and cooling energy, caused by changes in the seasons, suggests potential for using seasonal cold and heat storage.

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