Progress in Magnesium-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1339-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Min Kan ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yang Wang ◽  
Hong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Oxygen Contamination ◽  
Kinetics Of

Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative energy carrier that can potentially facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to sources of clean energy because of its prominent advantages such as high energy density, great variety of potential sources, light weight and low environmental impact (water is the sole combustion product). Due to low price and abundance magnesium should be considered as a potential candidate for hydrogen storage. Recent progress in the application of Magnesium-based nanostructured and composite materials in hydrogen storage is presented in this review. The main focus is on the synthesis of composite material, the design of nanocomposite material, the improvement of the thermodynamical properties and kinetics of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and the improvement of resistance towards oxygen contamination.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on Zinc-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangwang Xu ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract The increasing demands for environmentally friendly grid-scale electric energy storage devices with high energy density and low cost have stimulated the rapid development of various energy storage systems, due to the environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by traditional energy storage technologies. As one of the new and most promising alternative energy storage technologies, zinc-ion rechargeable batteries have recently received much attention owing to their high abundance of zinc in natural resources, intrinsic safety, and cost effectiveness, when compared with the popular, but unsafe and expensive lithium-ion batteries. In particular, the use of mild aqueous electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) demonstrates high potential for portable electronic applications and large-scale energy storage systems. Moreover, the development of superior electrolyte operating at either high temperature or subzero condition is crucial for practical applications of ZIBs in harsh environments, such as aerospace, airplanes, or submarines. However, there are still many existing challenges that need to be resolved. This paper presents a timely review on recent progresses and challenges in various cathode materials and electrolytes (aqueous, organic, and solid-state electrolytes) in ZIBs. Design and synthesis of zinc-based anode materials and separators are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals BIOFUELS AS PROMISING FUELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Mićić ◽  
Pero Dugić ◽  
Zoran Petrović ◽  
Milorad Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Technical Issues

The use of fossil fuels results in global warming and pollution. In comparison with fossil fuels biofuels represent an eco-friendly, biodegradable, sustainable, cost-competitive and promising alternative energy source. They contain high energy content and do not contribute to greenhouse effect. Therefore, using cheap or renewable resources as the feedstock for biofuels production has a great potential in terms of a major contribution to future energy supply. The production and use of biofuels is already well established and a further promotion of these fuels such as lipid biofuels (bioethanol, pure plant oils and biodiesel) and gas biofuels (biomethane, biohydrogen) mainly depends on non-technical issues, such as policies and cost–effectiveness. Biofuels will definitely stay for the foreseeable future and still can continue to provide the earth and the human population with a relatively clean source of energy with several benefits such as economic benefits of providing employment and health benefits of reduced carbon emissions, leading to cleaner air. With increasing sophistication of technology and intense research and development done, one can safely infer that biofuel will become more appealing and applicable for use on a globally commercial level. As such, biofuel is acknowledged as the Earth’s future energy source. Until a newer and cleaner energy source is discovered, scientists will definitely persist in researching and enhancing biofuels to make them more cost-effective, while still being environmentally friendly.

Transportation: Fuel Energies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Journey Time

Transportation efficiency can be measured in terms of the energy needed to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance. For passengers, journey time is important, so an equally useful measure is the product of the energy used and the time taken for the journey. Transportation requires storage of energy. Rechargeable systems such as batteries have very low energy densities as compared to fossil fuels. The highest energy densities come from nuclear fuels, although, because of shielding requirements, these are not practical for most forms of transportation. Liquid hydrocarbons represent a nice compromise between high energy density and ease of use.

scholarly journals Designing high energy density flow batteries by tuning active-material thermodynamics

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5432-5443
Author(s):  
Shyam K. Pahari ◽  
Tugba Ceren Gokoglan ◽  
Benjoe Rey B. Visayas ◽  
Jennifer Woehl ◽  
James A. Golen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Active Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Density Flow ◽  
The Cost

With the cost of renewable energy near parity with fossil fuels, energy storage is paramount. We report a breakthrough on a bioinspired NRFB active-material, with greatly improved solubility, and place it in a predictive theoretical framework.

Nanocrystalline Mg-based hydrides for hydrogen storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Oelerich ◽  
T. Klassen ◽  
R. Bormann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Sorption Behaviour

ABSTRACTHydrogen is the ideal means of energy storage for transportation and conversion of energy in a comprehensive clean-energy concept. However, appropriate storage facilities, both for stationary and for mobile applications, are complicated, because of the very low boiling point of hydrogen (20.4 K at 1 atm) and its low density in the gaseous state (90 g/m3). Furthermore, the storage of hydrogen in liquid or gaseous form imposes safety problems, in particular for mobile applications, e.g. the future zero-emission vehicle. Metal hydrides are a safe alternative for H-storage and, in addition, have a high volumetric energy density that is about 60% higher than that of liquid hydrogen. Mg hydride has a high storage capacity by weight and is therefore favoured for automotive applications. However, so far light metal hydrides have not been considered competitive because of their rather sluggish sorption kinetics. Filling a tank could take several hours. Moreover, the hydrogen desorption temperature of about 300 °C is rather high for most applications. A breakthrough in hydrogen storage technology was achieved by preparing nanocrystalline hydrides using high-energy ball milling. These new materials show very fast aband desorption kinetics within few minutes, thus qualifying lightweight Mg-based hydrides for storage application. In this paper recent detailed results on the sorption behaviour of nanocrystalline Mg and Mg-based alloys are presented. In a following research effort the sorption kinetics of nanocrystalline Mg has been further enhanced by catalyst additions. Furthermore, different transition metals have been added to Mg to achieve a thermodynamic destabilisation of the hydride, thus lowering the desorption temperatures to about 230 °C. The newly developed materials are currently being tested in prototype storage tanks.

Hydrogen Storage in Magnesium-Based Alloys

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Oil Crisis

Magnesium can reversibly store about 7.7 wt% hydrogen, equivalent to more than twice the density of liquid hydrogen. This high storage capacity, coupled with a low price, suggests that magnesium and magnesium alloys could be advantageous for use in battery electrodes and gaseous-hydrogen storage systems. The use of a hydrogen-storage medium based on magnesium, combined with a fuel cell to convert the hydrogen into electrical energy, is an attractive proposition for a clean transportation system. However, the advent of such a system will require further research into magnesium-based alloys that form less stable hydrides and proton-conducting membranes that can raise the operating temperature of the current fuel cells.Following the U.S. oil crisis of 1974, research into alternative energy-storage and distribution systems was vigorously pursued. The controlled oxidation of hydrogen to form water was proposed as a clean energy system, creating a need for light and safe hydrogen-storage media. Extensive research was done on inter-metallic alloys, which can store hydrogen at densities of about 1500 cm3-H2 gas/ cm3-hydride, higher than the storage density achieved in liquid hydrogen (784 cm3/cm3 at –273°C) or in pressure tanks (˜200 cm3/cm3 at 200 atm). The interest in metal hydrides accelerated following the development of portable electronic devices (video cameras, cellular phones, laptop computers, tools, etc.), which created a consumer market for compact, rechargeable batteries. Initially, nickel-cadmium batteries fulfilled this need, but their relatively low energy density and the toxicity of cadmium helped to drive the development of higher-energy-density, less toxic, rechargeable batteries.

Recent developments of Co3O4-based materials as the catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Hu ◽  
Liping Hao ◽  
Fan Quan ◽  
Rui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Recent Developments

The demand for the development of clean and efficient energy is becoming more and more pressing due to depleting fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Hydrogen is a high energy density...

Mg-based composites as effective materials for storage and generation of hydrogen for FC applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
D. Korablev ◽  
◽  
A. Bezdorozhev ◽  
V. Yartys ◽  
J. Solonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Today, hydrogen is considered as an ideal choice for storing and carrying energy produced by renewable power sources since it is renewable, eco-friendly and has a high energy density. However, due to the low hydrogen storage capacity, high cost and safety issues of the conventional storage methods, several challenges need to be resolved to effectively use hydrogen in mobile applications. Solid-state hydrogen storage in atomic form in hydrides is a promising method of storage for this purpose, particularly because a double amount of hydrogen can be produced via hydrolysis reaction of chemically active hydrides. Among the metal hydrides, magnesium hydride (MgH2) is considered to be one of the most attractive candidates. However, the hydrolysis reaction is rapidly hindered by the passivation layer formed on the surface of MgH2. In order to improve MgH2 hydrolysis efficiency various approaches have been applied. This paper reviews recent progress on the modifications of MgH2-based materials by adding different type of additives, including metals, oxides, hydroxides, halides and surfactants. The introduced additives possess different catalytic properties due to their intrinsic physical and chemical characteristics, and therefore can strongly influence the hydrolysis reaction of MgH2. The most promising results were obtained for various salt additives showing that the reaction rate depends mostly on the additive type rather than on concentration. The effect of preparation technique on the hydrolysis of MgH2 – MgCl2 composites was studied in detail. The obtained results indicate that efficient hydrolysis performance can be achieved by ball milling of the freshly synthesized MgH2 with 5 wt.% MgCl2 and 1 wt.% TiC–2TiB2 additives. The combination of the applied approaches exhibited a notable synergistic effect on the hydrogen generation.

scholarly journals Copper Nanowires as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Shasha Hashimi ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Nazhif Mohd Nohan ◽  
Siew Xian Chin ◽  
Poi Sim Khiew ◽  
Sarani Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Copper Nanowires ◽  
H2 Generation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Nabh4

Hydrogen (H2) is a clean energy carrier which can help to solve environmental issues with the depletion of fossil fuels. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a promising candidate material for solid state hydrogen storage due to its huge hydrogen storage capacity and nontoxicity. However, the hydrolysis of NaBH4 usually requires expensive noble metal catalysts for a high H2 generation rate (HGR). Here, we synthesized high-aspect ratio copper nanowires (CuNWs) using a hydrothermal method and used them as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of NaBH4 to produce H2. The catalytic H2 generation demonstrated that 0.1 ng of CuNWs could achieve the highest volume of H2 gas in 240 min. The as-prepared CuNWs exhibited remarkable catalytic performance: the HGR of this study (2.7 × 1010 mL min−1 g−1) is ~3.27 × 107 times higher than a previous study on a Cu-based catalyst. Furthermore, a low activation energy (Ea) of 42.48 kJ mol−1 was calculated. Next, the retreated CuNWs showed an outstanding and stable performance for five consecutive cycles. Moreover, consistent catalytic activity was observed when the same CuNWs strip was used for four consecutive weeks. Based on the results obtained, we have shown that CuNWs can be a plausible candidate for the replacement of a costly catalyst for H2 generation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document