Evaluation on a Novel Phosphorus Fractionation Method in Acid Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Lei ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Bei Dou Xi ◽  
Duan Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Available P ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Difference

Phosphorous fractionation is a method developed to estimate sizes of readily soil available P pool, soil P sub-pools and their ability to replenish the available P. Three types of acid soils (1aterite red soil, yellow red soil and brown red soil) were used in pot experiment under a rain-shelter condition to investigate the effect of lime amendment on P fractions and their bioavailability by plant of broad bean. A novel phosphorus fractionation scheme was developed and used to study the phosphorus fractionation of the tested soils compared with the two typical soil phosphorus fractionation schemes, adopting a series of extractants such as 0.25mol L-1 NaHCO3, 1h (for Ca2-P), 0.5mol L-1 NH4F (pH8.5), 1h (for Al-P), 0.7mol L-1 NaClO, pH 8.05, 85°C water bath 30min (for Org-P), 0.1mol L-1 NaOH-0.1Na2CO3, 4h (for Fe-P), 1mol L-1 NaOH, 85°C water bath 1h (for O-Al-P), 0.3 mol L-1 Na-citrate-0.5 g Na2S2O4 -0.5 mol L-1 NaOH, 85°C water bath 15min (for O-Fe-P), 0.25mol L-1 H2SO4, 1h (for Ca10-P). Main results are obtained just as follows: besides Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P and O-Fe-P are potentially available phosphorus resource. Although O-P reflects the difference of P between lime and control treatment well, when it appears as a whole, it needs further subdivision to reflect soil phosphorus biologically availability difference better.

Comparison of bicarbonate-extractable soil phosphorus measured by ICP-AES and colourimetry in soils of south-eastern New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hart ◽  
P. S. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Difference

Soil testing for plant-available phosphorus (P) in Australia is most commonly conducted using alkaline sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen or Colwell tests), followed by a colourimetric assay to measure the concentration of P in solution. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy has become increasingly popular internationally for other soil P tests, especially Mehlich 3, due to its efficiency and ability to measure multiple elements in the one extract. The use of ICP in place of colourimetry has been used in some Australian laboratories for bicarbonate-extractable P. However, the method is known to measure forms of P (organic) that are not measured by the colourimetric assay. This study presents data comparing soil Colwell P measured by the 2 methods for 714 soil samples from pastoral sites in south-east New South Wales. Measurement by ICP consistently yielded significantly higher P concentrations than the colourimetric method (ICP-P = 1.122Col-P + 57.0, r2 = 0.95, P < 0.001). Differences between the 2 techniques were more marked in 0–20 mm than 0–100 mm depth soil samples, and in soils with greater clay contents, suggesting that the difference was related to soil organic matter, and thereby organic P contents. Relative differences were greatest in soils with lower P concentrations, i.e. within the agronomic optimum range of most interest to farmers. ICP analysis cannot be directly correlated with colourimetrically measured P in bicarbonate extracts, and would need to be developed and calibrated as a separate, new soil P test.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Sorption and Lime Requirements of Maize Growing Acid Soils of Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Kisinyo ◽  
C. O. Othieno ◽  
S. O. Gudu ◽  
J. R. Okalebo ◽  
P. A. Opala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
The West ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
East And West

<p>In Kenya, maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) is mainly grown on acid soils in high rainfall areas. These soils are known for low available phosphorus (P), partly due to its sorption by aluminium (Al) and iron oxides. The study determined soil P sorption, lime requirements and the effects of lime on soil pH, Al levels and available P on the main maize growing acids soils in the highlands east and west of Rift Valley (RV), Kenya. Burnt lime containing 21% calcium oxide was used. The soils were strongly to extremely acid (pH 4.85-4.07), had high exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup> (&gt; 2 cmol Al kg<sup>-1</sup>) and Al saturation (&gt; 20% Al), which most maize germplasm grown in Kenya are sensitive to. The base cations, cation exchange capacity and available P (&lt; 10 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup> bicarbonate extractable P) were low, except at one site in the highlands east of RV indicative with history of high fertilizer applications. Highlands east of RV soils had higher P sorption (343-402 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) than the west (107-258 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>), probably because of their high Al<sup>3+ </sup>ions<sup> </sup>and also the energies of bonding between the soil colloids and phosphate ions. Highlands east of RV also had higher lime requirements (11.4-21.9 tons lime ha<sup>-1</sup>) than the west (5.3-9.8 tons lime ha<sup>-1</sup>). Due to differences in soil acidity, Al levels and P sorption capacities within and between highlands east and west of RV, blanket P fertilizer and lime recommendations may not serve all soils equally well.</p>

Effect of Leaching on Loss of Soil Phosphorus in Different Types of Sand Dune in Horqin Sandy Land, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3818-3827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Lai Zhou ◽  
De Ming Jiang ◽  
Zhi Min Liu ◽  
Alamusa ◽  
Xue Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Horqin Sandy Land ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Total P

We simulated P leaching on active dune (AD), semi-stabilized dune (SSD) and stabilized dune (SD) under 140, 700 and 1400 mm of rainfall in Horqin Sandy Land Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that the available phosphorus (AP) pool decreased by 5–50% in topsoil (0–10 cm), and increased by -5–220% in subsoil (10–20 cm) in AD, SSD, and SD soil. The total P (TP) pool in topsoil (0–10 cm) decreased by 1.8–5.0%, and increased by -5–4.6% in subsoil (10–20 cm) in AD, SSD, and SD soil. The P loss in the soils (0-20 cm) was 0.5–4.5% in AD, SSD, and SD soil. These data indicated that significant downward movement of P occurred during soil leaching. And, the movement of soil P by leaching can cause P loss and changes in vertical distribution of P. Moreover, the difference in P concentration, drawn up by plant roots, between topsoil and subsoil can buffer the P loss at the start of leaching. Therefore, vegetation restoration is essential to reduce P loss in sandy lands.

scholarly journals Changes in the Content of Soil Phosphorus after its Application into Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Ivana Lampartová ◽  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
P Rate

The pot experiment was established in vegetation hall in the year 2015. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Two different soils – chernozem from Brno (with a low phosphorus content and alkali soil reaction – 7.37) and haplic luvisol from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (with a high phosphorus content and slightly acid soil reaction – 6.01) were used for comparison. The rates of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate (45 % P2O5) were increased from 0.3 – 0.6 – 1.2 g per pot (5 kg of soil – Mitscherlich pots). Nitrogen was applied in the form of CAN (27 % N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments incl. the control. Using statistical analysis, significant differences were found between the two soil types both in terms of the postharvest soil P content and yields of aboveground biomass. The content of post‑harvest soil phosphorus increased significantly with the applied rate (96 – 141 – 210 mg/kg in chernozem and 128 – 179 – 277 mg/kg in haplic luvisol). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass grown on chernozem were the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with P (38.97 g per pot) and increased significantly with the P rate applied (46.02 – 47.28 g per pot), although there were no significant differences among the fertilised treatments. On haplic luvisol phosphorus fertilisation was not seen at all, demonstrating that the weight of the biomass in all the treatments was balanced (48.12 – 49.63 g per pot).

EFFECT OF EDTA AND DTPA ON AVAILABLE-P EXTRACTION WITH THE KELOWNA MULTIPLE ELEMENT EXTRACTANT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
W. VAN LIEROP
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Available P ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Simultaneous Extraction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Regression Techniques

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding either 0.001M EDTA or 0.005M DTPA on the amount of P removed from acid and calcareous soils by the Kelowna and 0.25M HO Ac extractants. These complexing agents were studied for possible simultaneous extraction and determination of available Zn. To achieve that end, P-concentrations removed by these solutions from a group of acid, calcareous, and combined soils were compared against reference values obtained with 0.5M NaHCO3 (Olsen et al.) and the Kelowna extractant (0.25M HOAc + 0.015M NH4F) by means of graphing, correlation and regression techniques. Of the 80 soils studied, 40 were acid with pH (H2O) values ranging from 4.2 to 6.9 and the remainder having higher values up to 9.3. Results indicated that additions of either 0.001M EDTA or 0.005M DTPA to the Kelowna solution increased average extracted P concentrations by about 20 and 60%, respectively. Values removed by either of the new KEDTA and KDTPA solutions were closely related to those extracted with 0.5M NaHCO3 and Kelowna solutions on acid and calcareous soils (r values ≥ 0.96**). As EDTA and DTPA increased extracted soil P, these were added at 0.001 and 0.005M as NH4 preparations to 0.25M HOAc (AADTPA & AAEDTA; without fluoride), respectively, for determining whether these complexing agents could supplant F for P extraction. These solutions removed proportionally related amounts (r ≈ 0.94**) of P from calcareous, compared to the Kelowna and 0.5M NaHCO3 solutions, but relationships were less precise for acid soils (r ≈ 0.76**). These results suggest that the AADTPA or AAEDTA solution should be evaluated further before adoption for routine P determination in multiple element extractions. Key words: Mehlich in, acid soils, calcareous soils

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

Comparison of Mehlich 3, AL and artificial root exudates containing extractants for soil phosphorus analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonu Tonutare ◽  
Gert Kaldmae ◽  
Tiina Köster ◽  
Kadri Krebstein ◽  
Ako Rodima
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations

&lt;p&gt;Due to increase of fertilizers prices and tightening of environmental protection requirements the need for efficient use of fertilizers has increased. At moment over the word huge number of different methods for determination of soil plant available phosphorus (PAP) are in use. Due to unequal extraction ability of extractants have each method own specific gradation to evaluate the soil P class. Allmost all widely used PAP extraction methods are developed in last century, mostly more than fifty years ago and often there is not possible to found information how the P status classes and fertilizer recommendations are determined for each method is determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The content of PAP in soil is difficult to estimate because soil pH has a strong effect to soil&amp;#160; - solution chemistry. Therefore extracting&amp;#160; soils with higly buffered solutions as for example Mehlich 3 can give overestimated results. The acidic Mehlich&amp;#160; 3 extactant can solubilize relatively insoluble Ca- Fe- and Al phosphates. Also the AL (acetate-lactate) method uses the buffered extraction solution and may influence the amount of extracted PAP. The most realistic conditions for PAP extraction can give the extraction solution which mimic the soil environment that has actively growing roots.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of our research was to investigate the extraction of PAP with extragent similar by chemical composition to soil solution with root exudates proposed by Haney et al (2010).&amp;#160; The obtained results were compared with Mehlich 3 and AL methods results.&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ref.: Haney, R.L., Haney, E.B., Hossner, L.R., Arnold, J,G. 2010. Modification to the New Soil Extractant H3A-1: A Multinutrient Extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41:1513-1523.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Soil Available Phosphorus Levels on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - Rhizobia Symbiotic Association

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadraji Ahmed ◽  
Bouhadi Mohamed ◽  
Ghoulam Cherk
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Soil Available P

Background: Growing chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants is affected by several environmental constraints as osmotic stress and nutrients deficiency particularly phosphorus (P). For other legume species, it was confirmed that P deficiency affects negatively their rhizobial symbiosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of soil available P level on chickpea-rhizobia symbiosis under field conditions at Oualidia region of Morocco. Methods: Ten farmers’ fields with different soil available P levels were considered to carry out this study based on samples of 10 plants per plot. Result: The results showed that the plants from soil 7, with the lowest pH and the highest available P level (23.52ppm), presented high shoot dry weight (38.3 g/plant). Meanwhile the soil 5 with the lowest available P content showed low plant growth. The shoot P content was positively linked to soil P level but nodule biomass showed an irregular variation with soil available P level. Furthermore, it was confirmed that adequate plant P nutrition results in high chickpea yield and it was the case for plants from soil 7 presenting a mean yield of 62 seeds per plant). Finally, strong correlation was noted between yield and phosphorus concentration in soil (r=0.94).

Responses of herbage yield and soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus fertilisation on a degraded arid steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangjun Wang ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Du ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Low plant-available phosphorus (P) in degraded arid steppes greatly limits plant yields. However, whether exterior P addition will improve the soil P availability and thus increase plant yield in these degraded arid steppes is still not certain. In the current study, a severely degraded arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, with soil-available P <5 mg/kg, was fertilised annually with chemical or manure P for two years (2014, dry year; 2015, wet year). There were six fertilisation treatments: 0, 30 kg P/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 90 kg P/ha, 4000 kg sheep manure/ha (equalling 16.4 kg P/ha) and 8000 kg sheep manure/ha (32.8 kg P/ha). A pot experiment with Stipa krylovii (the dominant plant species in the tested steppe) and five P application rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P/ha) was also conducted, under well-watered and nitrogen-fertilised conditions, using surface soils from unfertilised plots in the field. Results indicated that the tested soils had strong P adsorption capacity and weaker desorption capacity, and that the labile P fractions were quickly transformed into less labile fractions, reducing P availabilities. Overall, chemical P fertiliser resulted in the accumulation of Ca10-P and occluded P, whereas sheep manure resulted in the accumulation of moderately resistant organic P and highly resistant organic P. Phosphorus fertilisation was associated with an increase in plant P concentrations in both 2014 and 2015, and a low P rate (30 kg P/ha in the current study) was able to improve the aboveground biomass in both the field experiment in the wet year and the pot experiment under well-watered conditions. Thus, in degraded arid steppes, P fertilisation may be unnecessary in dry years. A low rate of P fertilisation is recommended in wet years to improve soil P status and steppe plant productivity.

Environmental risk indicators for soil phosphorus status

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Biologically available phosphorus (P) is divided operationally into two sources, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable particulate P (BPP). Dilute CaCl2-extractable soil P (CaCl2-P) is considered to be the benchmark method for estimating DRP in soils, whereas P desorbed to iron-oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) is the benchmark method for BPP in soils and sediments. Neither of these methods is in routine use in Australia. Selected soil P analyses were carried out on 31 diverse surface soils to develop relationships between the environmental benchmark methods and the routine soil P tests of Colwell-P, Olsen-P, and the single-point P buffer index (PBI). The index (Colwell-P/PBI) was highly correlated with CaCl2-P (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), and both Olsen-P and Colwell-P were highly correlated with FeO-P (r = 0.955 and 0.828, respectively; P < 0.001). It is suggested that these measures can be used as environmental risk indicators for soil P status. The critical values of these measures for optimum productivity were compared to the values of these measures corresponding to threshold values of currently used environmental risk indicators.

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