Phosphorus Sorption and Lime Requirements of Maize Growing Acid Soils of Kenya

In Kenya, maize (Zea mays L.) is mainly grown on acid soils in high rainfall areas. These soils are known for low available phosphorus (P), partly due to its sorption by aluminium (Al) and iron oxides. The study determined soil P sorption, lime requirements and the effects of lime on soil pH, Al levels and available P on the main maize growing acids soils in the highlands east and west of Rift Valley (RV), Kenya. Burnt lime containing 21% calcium oxide was used. The soils were strongly to extremely acid (pH 4.85-4.07), had high exchangeable Al3+ (> 2 cmol Al kg-1) and Al saturation (> 20% Al), which most maize germplasm grown in Kenya are sensitive to. The base cations, cation exchange capacity and available P (< 10 mg P kg-1 bicarbonate extractable P) were low, except at one site in the highlands east of RV indicative with history of high fertilizer applications. Highlands east of RV soils had higher P sorption (343-402 mg P kg-1) than the west (107-258 mg P kg-1), probably because of their high Al3+ ions and also the energies of bonding between the soil colloids and phosphate ions. Highlands east of RV also had higher lime requirements (11.4-21.9 tons lime ha-1) than the west (5.3-9.8 tons lime ha-1). Due to differences in soil acidity, Al levels and P sorption capacities within and between highlands east and west of RV, blanket P fertilizer and lime recommendations may not serve all soils equally well.

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Evaluation on a Novel Phosphorus Fractionation Method in Acid Soils

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.272 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 204-208 ◽

pp. 272-278

Author(s):

Hong Jun Lei ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Bei Dou Xi ◽

Duan Wei Zhu

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Phosphorus Fractionation ◽

Red Soil ◽

Water Bath ◽

Available P ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil P ◽

The Difference

Phosphorous fractionation is a method developed to estimate sizes of readily soil available P pool, soil P sub-pools and their ability to replenish the available P. Three types of acid soils (1aterite red soil, yellow red soil and brown red soil) were used in pot experiment under a rain-shelter condition to investigate the effect of lime amendment on P fractions and their bioavailability by plant of broad bean. A novel phosphorus fractionation scheme was developed and used to study the phosphorus fractionation of the tested soils compared with the two typical soil phosphorus fractionation schemes, adopting a series of extractants such as 0.25mol L-1 NaHCO3, 1h (for Ca2-P), 0.5mol L-1 NH4F (pH8.5), 1h (for Al-P), 0.7mol L-1 NaClO, pH 8.05, 85°C water bath 30min (for Org-P), 0.1mol L-1 NaOH-0.1Na2CO3, 4h (for Fe-P), 1mol L-1 NaOH, 85°C water bath 1h (for O-Al-P), 0.3 mol L-1 Na-citrate-0.5 g Na2S2O4 -0.5 mol L-1 NaOH, 85°C water bath 15min (for O-Fe-P), 0.25mol L-1 H2SO4, 1h (for Ca10-P). Main results are obtained just as follows: besides Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P and O-Fe-P are potentially available phosphorus resource. Although O-P reflects the difference of P between lime and control treatment well, when it appears as a whole, it needs further subdivision to reflect soil phosphorus biologically availability difference better.

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Effects of biochars generated from crop residues on chemical properties of acid soils from tropical and subtropical China

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr12118 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Jin-Hua Yuan ◽

Ren-Kou Xu

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Base Cations ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Exchangeable Base Cations ◽

Exchangeable Acidity

The chemical compositions of biochars from ten crop residues generated at 350°C and their effects on chemical properties of acid soils from tropical and subtropical China were investigated. There was greater alkalinity and contents of base cations in the biochars from legume residues than from non-legume residues. Carbonates and organic anions of carboxyl and phenolic groups were the main forms of alkalis in the biochars, and their relative contributions to biochar alkalinity varied with crop residues. Incubation experiments indicated that biochar incorporation increased soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations and decreased soil exchangeable acidity. There were greater increases in soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations, and a greater decrease in soil exchangeable acidity, for biochars from legume than from non-legume residues. The biochars did not increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils with relatively high initial CEC but did increase the CEC of soils with relatively low initial CEC at an addition level of 1%. The incorporation of biochars from crop residues not only corrected soil acidity but also increased contents of potassium, magnesium, and calcium in these acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions and thus improved soil fertility.

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EFFECT OF EDTA AND DTPA ON AVAILABLE-P EXTRACTION WITH THE KELOWNA MULTIPLE ELEMENT EXTRACTANT

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-020 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 191-197

Author(s):

W. VAN LIEROP

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Reference Values ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Available P ◽

Complexing Agents ◽

Simultaneous Extraction ◽

Soil P ◽

Regression Techniques

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding either 0.001M EDTA or 0.005M DTPA on the amount of P removed from acid and calcareous soils by the Kelowna and 0.25M HO Ac extractants. These complexing agents were studied for possible simultaneous extraction and determination of available Zn. To achieve that end, P-concentrations removed by these solutions from a group of acid, calcareous, and combined soils were compared against reference values obtained with 0.5M NaHCO3 (Olsen et al.) and the Kelowna extractant (0.25M HOAc + 0.015M NH4F) by means of graphing, correlation and regression techniques. Of the 80 soils studied, 40 were acid with pH (H2O) values ranging from 4.2 to 6.9 and the remainder having higher values up to 9.3. Results indicated that additions of either 0.001M EDTA or 0.005M DTPA to the Kelowna solution increased average extracted P concentrations by about 20 and 60%, respectively. Values removed by either of the new KEDTA and KDTPA solutions were closely related to those extracted with 0.5M NaHCO3 and Kelowna solutions on acid and calcareous soils (r values ≥ 0.96**). As EDTA and DTPA increased extracted soil P, these were added at 0.001 and 0.005M as NH4 preparations to 0.25M HOAc (AADTPA & AAEDTA; without fluoride), respectively, for determining whether these complexing agents could supplant F for P extraction. These solutions removed proportionally related amounts (r ≈ 0.94**) of P from calcareous, compared to the Kelowna and 0.5M NaHCO3 solutions, but relationships were less precise for acid soils (r ≈ 0.76**). These results suggest that the AADTPA or AAEDTA solution should be evaluated further before adoption for routine P determination in multiple element extractions. Key words: Mehlich in, acid soils, calcareous soils

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Phosphorus sorption and chemical characteristics of lightweight aggregates (LWA)-potential filter media in treatment wetlands

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0175 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

T. Zhu ◽

P. D. Jenssen ◽

T. Mæhlum ◽

T. Krogstad

Keyword(s):

Sorption Capacity ◽

Metal Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

Filter Media ◽

Total Metal Content ◽

P Sorption ◽

P Sorption Capacity ◽

Total Metal

Five light-weight aggregates (LWAs), suitable for filter media in subsurface flow constructed wetlands, were tested for potential removal of phosphorus (P). P-sorption variation is dependent on the chemical characteristics of the LWA. All LWAs exhibited high pH and high total metal content; however, P-sorption capacity varied by two orders of magnitude. Of the LWAs' chemical characteristics (total metal content, cation exchange capacity, and oxalate soluble Fe and Al), total metal content has the closest relationship with the P-sorption capacity. Among the four major metal ions (Mg, Ca, Fe and Al), Ca has the strongest correlation with the P-sorption capacity.

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Effect of Soil Available Phosphorus Levels on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - Rhizobia Symbiotic Association

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-524 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Khadraji Ahmed ◽

Bouhadi Mohamed ◽

Ghoulam Cherk

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Available P ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Soil P ◽

P Content ◽

Nodule Biomass ◽

Soil Available P

Background: Growing chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants is affected by several environmental constraints as osmotic stress and nutrients deficiency particularly phosphorus (P). For other legume species, it was confirmed that P deficiency affects negatively their rhizobial symbiosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of soil available P level on chickpea-rhizobia symbiosis under field conditions at Oualidia region of Morocco. Methods: Ten farmers’ fields with different soil available P levels were considered to carry out this study based on samples of 10 plants per plot. Result: The results showed that the plants from soil 7, with the lowest pH and the highest available P level (23.52ppm), presented high shoot dry weight (38.3 g/plant). Meanwhile the soil 5 with the lowest available P content showed low plant growth. The shoot P content was positively linked to soil P level but nodule biomass showed an irregular variation with soil available P level. Furthermore, it was confirmed that adequate plant P nutrition results in high chickpea yield and it was the case for plants from soil 7 presenting a mean yield of 62 seeds per plant). Finally, strong correlation was noted between yield and phosphorus concentration in soil (r=0.94).

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Phosphorus sorption - desorption by purple soils of China in relation to their properties

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr06135 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 182 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Li ◽

Y. L. Hou ◽

B. Zhu

Keyword(s):

Binding Energy ◽

Single Point ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

Soil P ◽

P Sorption ◽

Desorption Curve ◽

Degree Of P Saturation ◽

Soil Test P ◽

Sorption Index ◽

Water Eutrophication

The understanding of phosphorus (P) sorption and desorption by soil is important for better managing soil P source and relieving water eutrophication. In this study, sorption–desorption behaviour of P was investigated in purple soils, collected from 3 kinds of purple parent materials with different kinds of land cover, in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, China, using a batch equilibrium technique. Results showed that most of the farmed purple soils had P sorption capacity (PSC) values ranging from 476 to 685 mg P/kg, while higher PSC values were observed in the soils from forestland and paddy field. A single-point P sorption index (PSI) was found to be significantly correlated with PSC (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.001), suggesting its use in estimating PSC across different types of purple soils. The PSC of purple soils was positively and strongly related to the contents of amorphous Fe and Al oxides (r = 0.73, P < 0.001), clay (r = 0.55, P < 0.01), and organic matter (r = 0.50, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the constant relating to binding strength was positively correlated with the content of amorphous Fe and Al oxides (r = 0.66, P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with labile Ca (r = –0.43, P < 0.05) and soil pH (r = –0.53, P < 0.01). Some acidic purple soils with high binding energy featured a power desorption curve, suggesting that P release risk can be accelerated once the P sorbed exceeds a certain threshold. Other soils with low binding energy demonstrated a linear desorption curve. The P desorption percentage was significantly correlated with soil test P (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and the degree of P saturation (r = 0.82, P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with PSC (r = –0.66, P < 0.01).

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Does thermal carbonization (Biochar) of organic material increase more merits for their amendments of sandy soil?

Solid Earth Discussions ◽

10.5194/sed-6-535-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 535-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. Wu ◽

G. Xu ◽

J. N. Sun ◽

H. B. Shao

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Saline Soil ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Available P ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Furfural Residue ◽

Leaching Solution ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Organic materials (e.g. furfural residue) are generally believed to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soils with low fertility. Recently, biochar have been received more attention as a possible measure to improve the carbon balance and improve soil quality in some degraded soils. However, little is known about their different amelioration of a sandy saline soil. In this study, 56d incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of furfural and its biochar on the properties of saline soil. The results showed that both furfural and biochar greatly reduced pH, increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and enhanced the available phosphorus (P) in the soil. Furfural is more efficient than biochar in reducing pH: 5% furfural lowered the soil pH by 0.5–0.8 (soil pH: 8.3–8.6), while 5% biochar decreased by 0.25–0.4 due to the loss of acidity in pyrolysis process. With respect to available P, 5% of the furfural addition increased available P content by 4–6 times in comparison to 2–5 times with biochar application. In reducing soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), biochar is slightly superior to furfural because soil ESP reduced by 51% and 43% with 5% furfural and 5% biochar addition at the end of incubation. In addition, no significant differences were observed between furfural and biochar about their capacity to retain N, P in leaching solution and to increase CEC in soil. These facts may be caused by the relatively short incubation time. In general, furfural and biochar have different amendments depending on soil properties: furfural was more effectively to decrease pH and to increase available P, whereas biochar played a more important role in increasing SOC and reducing ESP of saline soil.

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Relationship Between Exchangeable Alumunium and Phosphorus Sorption Parameters of Indonesian Acid Soils

Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan ◽

10.29244/jitl.6.2.70-74 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

A Hartono

Keyword(s):

Acid Soils ◽

Sorption Isotherms ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

General Reaction ◽

P Sorption ◽

Hydrous Oxides ◽

Sorption Parameters ◽

Main Component

In acid soils, phosphorus (P) sorption is generally attributed to hydrous oxides of Fe and Aluminum (AI) particularly intropical soils with low pH. However, reports concerning the role of exchangeable AI in P sorption mechanism are very liltle.Phosphorus (P) sorption isotherms were studied in fifteen acid upland soils containing different amount of exchangeable AI. Psorption characteristics were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation. which was used to determine P sorptionmaxima and bonding energies, with r values ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. The soils varied widely in their capacities to sorb P.P sorption maxima rangedfrom 303 to 1429 mg kg-I (mean 627 mg kg-I) and bonding energies from 0.65 to 8.00 L mtl (mean 2.39 L mg-I). Exchangeable AI was found not correlated with P sorption maxima (r = -0.11) but significantly correlated with P bonding energies (r = 0.68**). This was clearly shown by clayey soils from Java and Sumatra but not in sandy soils fromKalimantan. The results suggested that in general. reaction of exchangeable AI with P increased P bonding energy butexchangeable AI was not the main component in P sorption maximum

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Mechanisms for altering phosphorus sorption characteristics induced by low-molecular-weight organic acids

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2015-0068 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yongzhuang Wang ◽

Joann K. Whalen ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Yanhong Cao ◽

Bin Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

Sorption Data ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Soil P ◽

P Sorption ◽

A Minor

Exudation of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) from plant roots enhances phosphorus (P) acquisition from soil, either by dissolving P fixed in secondary minerals or by reducing P sorption to organo-minerals. How LMWOAs may modify P sorption in soils with contrasting pH is not well understood, much less the mechanisms involved. The effects of three common LMWOAs (oxalic, citric, and malic acids) on P sorption in calcareous, neutral, and acidic soils were studied in batch experiments, followed by sequential P fractionation to elucidate the mechanisms whereby LMWOAs alter P sorption. The sorption data of the three soils fitted better to the Freundlich equation (r2 = 0.325–0.994, P < 0.05) than the Langmuir and linear equations. Oxalic, citric, and malic acids at 10 mmol kg−1 soil decreased the Freundlich P sorption parameters Kf and n, which represent P sorption capacity and energy, due to the fact that LMWOAs reduced P sorption in NaHCO3-Pi (soil soluble and exchangeable Pi, 23.8–30.9%) and NaOH-Pi (Fe-Pi and Al-Pi, 21.6–54.2%) fractions of the three soils. Comparing acidified P-LMWOAs solutions with the pH-adjusted P-LMWOAs solutions (pH = 7) had a minor effect on P sorption. Our results indicated that the reduction in soil P sorption was due to ligand exchange and chelation of LMWOAs with Fe and Al minerals, and the acid strength of LMWOAs had a minor effect on P sorption in calcareous, neutral, and acid soils.

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Phosphorus sorption on tropical soils with relevance to Earth system model needs

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr18197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julia Brenner ◽

Wesley Porter ◽

Jana R. Phillips ◽

Joanne Childs ◽

Xiaojuan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorption Isotherms ◽

Clay Content ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

P Availability ◽

Earth System ◽

Phosphorus Sorption ◽

Soil P ◽

P Sorption ◽

Earth System Models

Phosphorus (P) availability critically limits the productivity of tropical forests growing on highly weathered, low-P soils. Although efforts to incorporate P into Earth system models (ESMs) provide an opportunity to better estimate tropical forest response to climate change, P sorption dynamics and controls on soil P availability are not well constrained. Here, we measured P and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sorption isotherms on 23 soils from tropical Oxisol, Ultisol, Inceptisol, Andisol, and Aridisol soils using P concentrations from 10 to 500mg P L−1, and DOC concentrations from 10 to 100mg DOC L−1. Isotherms were fit to the Langmuir equation and parameters were related to soil characteristics. Maximum P sorption capacity (Qmax) was significantly correlated with clay content (ρ=0.658) and aluminium (Al)- or iron (Fe)-oxide concentrations (ρ=0.470 and 0.461 respectively), and the DOC Qmax was correlated with Fe oxides (ρ=0.491). Readily available soil characteristics could eventually be used to estimate Qmax values. Analysis of literature values demonstrated that the maximum initial P concentration added to soils had a significant impact on the resultant Qmax, suggesting that an insufficiently low initial P range could underestimate Qmax. This study improves methods for measuring P Qmax and estimating Qmax in the absence of isotherm analyses and provides key data for use in ESMs.

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