Effect of Soil Available Phosphorus Levels on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - Rhizobia Symbiotic Association

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadraji Ahmed ◽  
Bouhadi Mohamed ◽  
Ghoulam Cherk
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Soil Available P

Background: Growing chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants is affected by several environmental constraints as osmotic stress and nutrients deficiency particularly phosphorus (P). For other legume species, it was confirmed that P deficiency affects negatively their rhizobial symbiosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of soil available P level on chickpea-rhizobia symbiosis under field conditions at Oualidia region of Morocco. Methods: Ten farmers’ fields with different soil available P levels were considered to carry out this study based on samples of 10 plants per plot. Result: The results showed that the plants from soil 7, with the lowest pH and the highest available P level (23.52ppm), presented high shoot dry weight (38.3 g/plant). Meanwhile the soil 5 with the lowest available P content showed low plant growth. The shoot P content was positively linked to soil P level but nodule biomass showed an irregular variation with soil available P level. Furthermore, it was confirmed that adequate plant P nutrition results in high chickpea yield and it was the case for plants from soil 7 presenting a mean yield of 62 seeds per plant). Finally, strong correlation was noted between yield and phosphorus concentration in soil (r=0.94).

scholarly journals Using a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Improve Soil Phosphorus Prediction in Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Kensuke Kawamura ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Andry Andriamananjara ◽  
Hobimiarantsoa Rakotonindrina ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Available P ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
P Content ◽  
Soil Available P

As a proximal soil sensing technique, laboratory visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a promising tool for the quantitative estimation of soil properties. However, there remain challenges for predicting soil phosphorus (P) content and availability, which requires a reliable model applicable for different land-use systems to upscale. Recently, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) corresponding to the spectral information of soil was developed to considerably improve the accuracy of soil property predictions. The present study investigated the predictive ability of a 1D-CNN model to estimate soil available P (oxalate-extractable P; Pox) content in soils by comparing it with partial least squares (PLS) and random forest (RF) regressions using soil samples (n = 318) collected from natural (forest and non-forest) and cultivated (upland and flooded rice fields) systems in Madagascar. Overall, the 1D-CNN model showed the best predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.878) with a highly accurate prediction ability (ratio of performance to the interquartile range = 2.492). Compared to the PLS model, the RF and 1D-CNN models indicated 4.37% and 23.77% relative improvement in root mean squared error values, respectively. Based on a sensitivity analysis, the important wavebands for predicting soil Pox were associated with iron (Fe) oxide, organic matter (OM), and water absorption, which were previously known wavelength regions for estimating P in soil. These results suggest that 1D-CNN corresponding spectral signatures can be expected to significantly improve the predictive ability for estimating soil available P (Pox) from Vis-NIR spectral data. Rapid and accurate estimation of available P content in soils using our results can be expected to contribute to effective fertilizer management in agriculture and the sustainable management of ecosystems. However, the 1D-CNN model will require a large dataset to extend its applicability to other regions of Madagascar. Thus, further updates should be tested in future studies using larger datasets from a wide range of ecosystems in the tropics.

scholarly journals Phosphate Adsorption Capacity and Organic Matter Effect on Dynamics of P Availability in Upland Ultisol and Lowland Inceptisol

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
. Marsi ◽  
. Sabaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Desorption Capacity

Ultisols and Inceptisols were used to investigate the adsorption-desorption capacity of P and the effect of organic matter on the dynamics of P availability in tropical acid soils. The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments. Sub-experiment I was to study the adsorption-desorption capacity of Ultisols, Fresh-water lowland Inceptisols, and tidal-swamp Inceptisols. Therefore, surface soils (0 to 30 cm) of each tested soil were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 170, and 200 mg P kg-1 of soil. Sub-experiment II was to study the effects of organic matterapplication (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha-1) on the dynamics of available P following 60d incubation under room temperature.P fertilizer application significantly affected water soluble-P (WSP) (p<0.01) and soil available P-Bray and Kurtz No. 1 (BKP) (p<0.01) in the three tested soils. The different response of both WSP and BKP confirmed that the soils tested in the current experiment had different soil P buffering capacity in the order of Tidal-lowlandInceptisol>Upland Ultisol>fresh-water Lowland Inceptisol. OM application increased the BKP in all tested soils as compared to the control. Differences in pattern of soil available P dynamics over time were detected between upland soil and two lowland soils used in the current experiment.Keywords: Adsorption-desorption, Inceptisols, organic matter, Ultisols

scholarly journals Warming drives sustained plant phosphorus demand in a humid tropical forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Wenjuan Huang ◽  
kadowaki Kohmei ◽  
Guoyi Zhou ◽  
Junhua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
P Mineralization ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils ◽  
Continuous Field

Phosphorus (P) is often one of the most limiting nutrients in highly weathered soils of humid tropical forests, which may regulate the responses of carbon (C) feedback to climate warming. Based on a 7-year continuous field warming experiment conducted by translocating microcosm forest ecosystems from a high-elevation site to low-elevation sites, we detected changes in the ecosystem P cycle in response to warming. We report that warming drives sustained plant P demand by increasing P uptake and thus decreasing foliar N:P. This increased plant P content is supplied by multiple processes including enhanced plant P resorption, soil P mineralization and dissolution without changing litter P mineralization and leachate P. These findings suggest that warming may alleviate initial P deficiency and/or limitation of plant growth and contribute to sustaining plant C fixation in these tropical forests.

scholarly journals Available Phosphorus in Soils Amended with Organic N-Enriched Composts during Periods of Incubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
F. O. Fawole ◽  
O. J. Ayodele ◽  
G. O. Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Active Substances

Inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, microbial inoculum and biologically-active substances are used to fortify composts which characteristically contain low amounts of N. The potentials of organic wastes from agriculture for N enrichment of composts were indicated by significant increase in soil N while there can be fortuitous improvement in the available phosphorus (P) contents on which information about the extent is lacking. In this study, composts: cow dung + sawdust (CDSD) and poultry droppings + sawdust (PDSD) were enriched with meals from bone (BN), blood (BM), hoof (HF) and horn (HN); and neem leaf (NM) and tithonia leaf (TM) to attain 150, 300, 450 and 600 g kg-1 N and the available P was monitored at four-week intervals during 16 weeks of incubation in soil. Available P increased with all N sources and enrichment rates slightly at week 4 but highly from week 8 and for each source, the enrichment to 600 g kg-1 N gave the highest values. The composts enriched to 450 and 600 g kg-1 N gave 15-20 and 20-29 mg kg-1 available P in week 12 and 16 respectively. CDSDBM and PDSDHF enriched to 600 g kg-1 N at week 4 and 8 respectively can be used for short-season crops while PDSDBM and PDSDNM enriched to 600 g kg-1 N in week 12 and 16 respectively would be suitable for long-season crops. The PDSDNM enriched to 600 g kg-1 N gave the highest available P (29.0 mg kg-1) and was followed by PDSDBN and PDSDHF at the same enrichment level, with 28.0 mg kg-1 each. Although the PMSDNM enriched to 600 g kg-1N had the highest available P in week 16, the enriched composts with values exceeding 20 mg kg-1 also have potentials for the cultivation of long-season vegetables.

Bayesian spatio-temporal modeling of soil phosphorus in Britany in western France (1995-2014) with INLA-SPDE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bifeng Hu ◽  
Nicolas Saby ◽  
Hocine Bourennane ◽  
Thomas Opitz ◽  
Pascal Denoroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Available P ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Spatio Temporal

&lt;p&gt;Soil phosphorus (P) is one of the most critical elements for Earth&amp;#8217;s ecosystem. P is a component of the complex nucleic acid structure of plants, which regulates protein synthesis, plants deficient in P are stunted in growth and lead to diseases. In practice, P is most often the element responsible for eutrophication problems in freshwater meanwhile, and it is considered the macronutrient most frequently as the element limiting eutrophication because many blue-green algae are able to use atmospheric N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Since the Second World War overuse application of fertilizer P has leaded to lots of serious environmental problems such as eutrophication of water body.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Soil P was affected by several factors including climate, geology, time, anthropogenic activities (irrigation, industrial emission, fertilizer application, crop planting pattern etc.) and so on. This makes soil P varied in a very complex manner on both spatial and time dimension and thus increases the difficulty of estimating spatio-temporal variation of soil P. Therefore, a flexible framework is necessary for modelling spatio-temporal variation of soil P.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To explore spatio-temporal variation of soil available P, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation with Stochastic Partial Differential Equation approach (INLA-SPDE). The study was conducted on phosphorus measured by Olsen (P Olsen) and Dyer (P Dyer) methods in Britany (western France) from 1995 to 2014 with data of more than 30,000 samples of France national soil test database (BDAT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The INLA-SPDE method exploits the Laplace approximation in Bayesian latent-Gaussian models and does not require generating samples from the posterior distribution. Hence, it can often be used for quite large data sets at reasonable computational expense. It could provide approximate marginal (posterior) distributions over all states and parameters. In this study, the constructed model includes of several components such as spatial varying trend, space varying temporal trend, effects of covariates, and residual with space-time dependent variation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless the method of quantifying phosphorus, the results indicated that the mean content of soil available P decreased between 1995 and 2014 in Britany. Our model explained 49.5% of variance of spatio-temporal variation of P Olsen in Britany in external validation dataset. For P Dyer, our model explained 50% of variance in external validation dataset. The purely spatial effects shown that the available P in west of Britany was higher than east part. Our study could contribute to better soil management and environmental protection. Further study still needed to include more related factors into the model to improve the model performance and detected more related factors (such as soil management measures) which have important effects on spatio-temporal variation of available P in soil.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Dietary Available Phosphorus Affected Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Hepatic Antioxidant Property of Juvenile Yellow CatfishPelteobagrus fulvidraco

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Tang ◽  
Chunfang Wang ◽  
Congxin Xie ◽  
Jiali Jin ◽  
Yanqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Yellow Catfish ◽  
P Content ◽  
P Utilization

An 8-week feeding trial was carried out with juvenile yellow catfish to study the effects of dietary available phosphorus (P) on growth performance, body composition, and hepatic antioxidant property. Six pellet diets were formulated to contain graded available P levels at 0.33, 0.56, 0.81, 1.15, 1.31, and 1.57% of dry matter, respectively. Triplicate tanks with each tank containing 60 juveniles (3.09 ± 0.03 g) were fed one of the six experimental diets for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate, feeding rate, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher at 0.81% dietary available P. Efficiency of P utilization distinctly decreased with increasing P level. Body lipid content significantly decreased while body ash and feces P content significantly increased with increasing P level. Quadratic regression analysis indicated that vertebrae P content was maximized at 1.21% dietary available P. Fish fed 1.57% dietary available P had highest activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase and malonaldehyde content. In conclusion, decreasing dietary available P increased P utilization efficiency and body lipid content while decreased vertebrae P content. Juvenile yellow catfish were subjected to oxidative damage under the condition of high dietary P content (1.57%), and the damage could not be eradicated by their own antioxidant defense system.

INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FORMS IN SOME ALBERTA SOILS AS RELATED TO SOIL DEVELOPMENT, PARENT MATERIAL AND AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Alexander ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
P Content ◽  
Close Relationship

Inorganic P forms in 18 profiles representing five great groups of Alberta soils were determined by the modified Chang and Jackson procedure. Ca-P is dominant in the Chernozemic Brown and Black soils and in the C horizons containing CaCO3, while Fe-P and Al-P or Occl-P are the main forms in the Podzolic soils. Three series high in available P contain appreciable amounts of Al-P and Fe-P in their surface horizons. The organic P content is relatively high in the soils exhibiting the least pedogenic development.With increasing degree of soil development, Fe-P and Occl-P tend to increase. However, parent materials have a marked influence on the distribution of inorganic P forms and a close relationship between soil development and distribution of inorganic P forms does not appear to exist in these soils. The Al-P and Fe-P forms seem to be the major sources of available P in the soils studied.

scholarly journals Phosphate solubilizing bacteria stimulate wheat rhizosphere and endosphere biological nitrogen fixation by improving phosphorus content

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9062
Author(s):  
Yongbin Li ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Guohua Guan ◽  
Sanfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total N ◽  
P Content ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Total P

Phosphate (P) availability often limits biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by diazotrophic bacteria. In soil, only 0.1% of the total P is available for plant uptake. P solubilizing bacteria can convert insoluble P to plant-available soluble P (ionic P and low molecular-weight organic P). However, limited information is available about the effects of synergistic application of diazotrophic bacteria and P solubilizing bacteria on the nitrogenase activity of rhizosphere and nifH expression of endosphere. In this study, we investigated the effects of co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium (Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium (Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth, plant and soil total N, plant total P, soil available P, soil nitrogenase activity and the relative expression of nifH in plant tissues. Co-inoculation significantly increased plant biomass (length, fresh and dry weight) and plant N content (root: 27%, shoot: 30%) and P content (root: 63%, shoot: 30%). Co-inoculation also significantly increased soil total N (12%), available P (9%) and nitrogenase activity (69%) compared to P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alone. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed co-inoculation doubled expression of nifH genes in shoots and roots. Soil nitrogenase activity and nifH expression within plant tissues correlated with P content of soil and plant tissues, which suggests solubilization of P by Paenibacillus sp. B1 increased N fixation in soils and the endosphere. In conclusion, P solubilizing bacteria generally improved soil available P and plant P uptake, and considerably stimulated BNF in the rhizosphere and endosphere of wheat seedlings.

Build up of soil phosphorus in coffee plantations of Karnataka overthree decades

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shiva Prasad J.S. Nagaraja ◽  
S.A.Nadafand M. Violet D’ Souza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Category ◽  
The Impact

<p>Karnataka is the largest coffee producing State in India contributing 72.3 per cent of the total production of the country. Arabica<br />Coffee is being cultivated in Karnatakain an area of 1.1 lakh ha and Robusta coffee in 1.2 lakh ha. Coffee growing soils are deep,<br />friable, rich in organic matter, high in potassium content, well drained and slightly acidic in reaction. These soils contain large<br />quantities of aluminium and iron oxides. Hence, phosphorus (P) availability in the Indian coffee growing soils is a constraint as<br />the aluminium and iron oxides fix the appliedphosphorus. Soil testing laboratories(STLs) of Coffee Board are rendering advisory<br />service to the growers based on soil analysis and classify the data into low, medium and high category. In order to know the impact<br />of the lime and fertilizer management on the soil available P status of the coffee growing soils of Karnataka, the soil-P data were<br />compiled and classified into different categories for the 3 districts, viz., Chikmagalur, Hassan and Kodagu for a period from 1980-<br />81 to 2015-16. The decade-wise data set on soil available phosphorus so obtained was analyzed and the changes occurred over a<br />period of time were assessed.The results indicated that over a period of thirty six years clear cut shift has taken place from low to<br />high category in the available P status of soils cropped to coffee. About 50per cent of the samples were low during 1980s while<br />this has reduced to 42 per cent during 1990s and further reduced to 23per cent during 2016. On the other hand the percentage of<br />samples under high category has gradually increased from 24 to 51.</p>

Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Soil Phosphorus of Protective Farmland

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1309-1313
Author(s):  
Yun Jiang Liang ◽  
Min Jie Fu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Guang Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
P Content ◽  
Low Strength

Freezing and thawing of soil is an abiotic stress, and has direct effect on chemical properties, physical properties and biological properties. In order to research effect of freezing and thawing on soil chemical properties, experiments of freeze-thaw cycle were simulated, and different forms phosphorus was measured. Results show that freezing and thawing made water-soluble and loosely combined phosphorus content decrease, but made calcium P content increase. Low-strength freezing and thawing cycle made aluminum P content increase, but made iron P content decrease. To soil of low accumulation phosphorus, low-strength freezing and thawing made occluded P content decrease and be released, but high-strength freezing and thawing made occluded P content increase. Inorganic phosphorus content had an ascending trend with enhancing of freezing and thawing, but organic phosphorus content had a descending trend. Under low-strength freezing and thawing, available P content of soil of low accumulation phosphorus had an ascending trend, and available P content of soil of high accumulation phosphorus had a descending trend, but available phosphorus content had no great changes when strength of freezing and thawing continued to increase.

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