Galvanostatic Removal of Chlorides in Cast Iron Artifacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2506-2509
Author(s):  
Shao Wen Guo ◽  
Wei Zhen Ou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Galvanostatic Polarization ◽  
Iron Artifacts

Chloride ion migration and the choice of optimized current density during galvanostatic dechlorination of simulated cast iron artifacts in alkaline solution were studied by means of galvanostatic polarization. The results showed that the more treatment time and the more current density, the more was the extraction ratio of chloride ion and the less was the electrical efficiency. The current density was optimized with respect to the extraction ratio of chloride ion and the electrical efficiency, and the optional current density was presented.

Potentiostatic Dechlorination of Simulated Cast Iron Artifacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 1080-1083
Author(s):  
Wei Zhen Ouyang ◽  
Shao Wen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Archaeological Iron ◽  
Iron Artifacts

The corrosion and preservation of archaeological iron are affected by many factors, among which the role of chloride ions is particularly important. Chloride ion migration and the choice of optimized potential during potentiostatic dechlorination of simulated cast iron artifacts in alkaline solution were studied by means of potentiostatic polarization. The results showed that the more treatment time and the more negative of the potential, the more was the extraction ratio of chloride ion and the less was the electrical efficiency. The potential was optimized with respect to the extraction ratio of chloride ion and the electrical efficiency, and the optional potential was presented.

Iron phosphide nanoparticles as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER in alkaline solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (25) ◽  
pp. 9750-9754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Masud ◽  
S. Umapathi ◽  
N. Ashokaan ◽  
M. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Exchange Current ◽  
Exchange Current Density ◽  
Iron Phosphide ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Low Overpotential

Ultrasmall FeP nanoparticles have been reported as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst in alkaline medium with low onset potential for oxygen evolution and require low overpotential to reach 10 mA cm−2 exchange current density.

Effect of w/cm and Composition on Correlations of Concrete Electrical Resistivity and Chloride Migration Coefficients

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Presuel-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Chloride Migration

The performance with regard to chloride penetration of specimens made with three base compositions (supplementary cementitious materials: 20% fly ash, 20% fly ash + 8% silica fume, and 50% slag replacement by weight of cement), and water-to-cementitious ratios of 0.35, 0.41, or 0.47 were investigated here. In this investigation, laboratory experiments were carried out to study the correlation between electrical resistivity and non-steady state chloride ion migration coefficients (Dnssm) of concrete. NT Build 492 was used to determine chloride migration coefficients. Rapid migration tests and resistivity measurements were performed several times over two years, and the non-steady state migration coefficient (Dnssm) vs. resistivity values were correlated. Experimental results show that a good correlation was found between electrical resistivity and Dnssm. Based on the relationships developed from this investigation, it appears that the correlations are age and composition dependent.

Internal oxidation of cast iron artifacts from an 18th-century steel cementation furnace

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2714-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Thomas ◽  
Richard Hunter ◽  
Robert Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Internal Oxidation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Iron Artifacts

scholarly journals Batch Electrocoagulation Treatment of Peat Water in Sarawak with Galvanized Iron Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Nazzeri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nur Afifah Tomiran ◽  
Aiman Hakim Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Standard Limit

Peat water is an abundant water resource in Sarawak where some of the coastal areas in Sarawak still utilize peat water for domestic usage. Peat water contains natural organic matters especially humic substances which include humic acids. Humic acids contribute to the brown color of peat water and can cause diseases such as stomach cancer, blackfoot disease and etc. if consumed by human. Electrocoagulation is an alternative to conventional water treatment methods which have the advantages of being environmental friendly, minimal sludge production and no addition of chemical substances. The aims of this study are to fabricate a desktop scale electrocoagulation system with galvanised iron electrodes and to investigate the effects of the operating parameters such as inter-electrode distance, applied current density, number of electrodes, and treatment time on peat water in the system. The performance of batch electrocoagulation system in term of their removal efficiency of several parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity are evaluated. Through experimental tests conducted, this system successfully removes 98.44% of COD, 92.02% of TOC, 97.92% of turbidity and 99.91% of color by using galvanized iron as an electrode at current density of 25 A/m2in 30 minutes with 10 galvanized iron electrodes. Despite the fact that there is a small amount of iron ions and zinc ions remained in the treated peat water which are 0.001mg/l and 0.0442mg/l respectively, these concentrations are far below the standard limits imposed by Malaysia Ministry of Health (MOH). Generally, all the parameters studied meet the standard limit imposed by MOH except for total organic carbon. This is particularly due to the improper filtration system adopted in this study. The total operating costs for 252 in 30 minutes treatment time of 10 electrode plates is RM 8.75 per . Overall, the study have successfully designed a batch electrocoagulation system to treat peat water by using galvanized iron for domestic usage.

The Technological and Chronological Implication of 14C Concentrations in Carbon Samples Extracted from Mongolian Cast Iron Artifacts

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 831-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Park ◽  
W Honeychurch ◽  
A Chunag
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Multiple Users ◽  
Melt Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iron Artifacts ◽  
Eastern Mongolia ◽  
Early Historic

ABSTRACTCast iron objects recovered primarily in eastern Mongolia, spanning the Xiongnu through the Early Historic periods (ca. 3rd BC–AD 17th century), were examined for their radiocarbon (14C) concentration and microstructure. Most of the samples examined were found to have originated from charcoal-based smelting with a few exceptions that were made using a mineral coal-based technique. A comparison of 14C dates with dates derived from artifact typology allowed the charcoal-smelted objects to be classified into two groups, based on whether the radiometric and typological periodization are in agreement or not. In addition, those with differing 14C and typological dates can be divided into two subgroups with and without evidence for a melt treatment applied after original casting. These conflicting dating results are confusing and would seem to provoke skepticism about the use of 14C measurements for dating iron artifacts. We demonstrate however that 14C analysis, when combined with metallographic examination and other lines of chronological evidence, can clarify the history of a given iron object and its multiple users, often separated in time by more than a millennium.

Direct and indirect electrochemical oxidation of ethanethiol on grey cast iron anode in alkaline solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 136706
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Tong Zheng ◽  
Huiling Liu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yanxiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Grey Cast Iron ◽  
Grey Cast ◽  
Iron Anode

scholarly journals Assessing of New Coatings for Iron Artifacts Conservation by Recurrence Plots Analysis

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Roncagliolo Barrera ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez Gómez ◽  
Esteban García Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Electrochemical Noise ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Recurrence Plots ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Iron Artifacts

Cast iron has stood for centuries of invention. It is a very versatile and durable material. Coating systems are a low-maintenance protection method. The purpose of this research is to increase the Paraloid coating’s resistance when applied to iron in high humidity atmospheres, with the addition of caffeine (1,3,7-dimethylxanthine) and nicotine (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) pyridine as corrosion inhibitors; the resistance of protection versus exposure time will be evaluated by using electrochemical noise. A statistical analysis of the electrochemical noise signals was carried out. Recurrence plots were used as a powerful tool in the analysis to complement the data obtained and they predicted the evaluation of coatings behaviors performance versus time. The outcomes show that the addition of inhibitors increases and improves the performance as a temporary protection of Paraloid and that protection in high relative humidity was improved. Recurrence plots and parameter quantification show the variances in the surface corrosion dynamics.

Effects of Heat Treatment and Alloying of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron on Corrosion Resistance in Aqueous Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
K. Tahashi ◽  
K. Matsuno
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
The Matrix

The present study examined the effects of heat treatment and the addition of Cu-Ni alloy on the corrosion resistance of the matrix of spheroidal graphite cast iron in aqueous environments. Test materials of white cast iron and carbon steel were used for comparison with spheroidal graphite cast iron. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron that added Cu and Ni was prepared. The spheroidal graphite cast iron was subjected to three kinds of heat treatment to adjust the matrix: annealing, oil quenching, and austemper heat treatment. In electrochemical tests, measurements of corrosion electrode potential and cathode and anode polarization were used. The following was clarified from the relationship between the electrode potential and current density of each of the materials in each of the solution. The alloy spheroidal graphite cast iron had a high corrosion electrode potential owing to the addition of Cu-Ni, and tended to have a low corrosion current density. This demonstrates that in any of the materials having a matrix adjusted by heat treatment, the addition of Cu-Ni increased the corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density was highest in a sulfuric acid environment.

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