Selection of Power Train Components and Simulation of Dynamic Performance of Electric Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 2138-2143
Author(s):  
Cheng Jiao Tu ◽  
Xue Zhe Wei ◽  
Hai Feng Dai
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Ac Induction Motor ◽  
Train System ◽  
Motor Model ◽  
Selection Of

Electric vehicles have the ability to drastically reduce petroleum use. As the battery used in EVs appears to be the main technical barriers both from a performance and cost perspective, the main efforts have been focused on how to select appropriate power train system for the better dynamic performance. This paper introduces some methods of parameters design of EV’s main power train components, such as the lithium-ion battery and AC induction motor. Then we build a battery model, a motor model and vehicle simulation models using ADVISOR software. Meanwhile, this paper proposes simulation results of the entire vehicle’s dynamic performance, which shows that the power train components’ parameters designed here basically meet the vehicle’s requirements.

scholarly journals Individual Drive-Wheel Energy Management for Rear-Traction Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4679
Author(s):  
Jose del C. Julio-Rodríguez ◽  
Alfredo Santana-Díaz. ◽  
Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Longitudinal Dynamic ◽  
Tractive Effort ◽  
Instantaneous Center ◽  
Train System

In-wheel motor technology has reduced the number of components required in a vehicle’s power train system, but it has also led to several additional technological challenges. According to kinematic laws, during the turning maneuvers of a vehicle, the tires must turn at adequate rotational speeds to provide an instantaneous center of rotation. An Electronic Differential System (EDS) controlling these speeds is necessary to ensure speeds on the rear axle wheels, always guaranteeing a tractive effort to move the vehicle with the least possible energy. In this work, we present an EDS developed, implemented, and tested in a virtual environment using MATLAB™, with the proposed developments then implemented in a test car. Exhaustive experimental testing demonstrated that the proposed EDS design significantly improves the test vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics and energy consumption. This paper’s main contribution consists of designing an EDS for an in-wheel motor electric vehicle (IWMEV), with motors directly connected to the rear axle. The design demonstrated effective energy management, with savings of up to 21.4% over a vehicle without EDS, while at the same time improving longitudinal dynamic performance.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Current Electric Battery Models for Electric Vehicle Simulation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaizka Saldaña ◽  
José Ignacio San Martín ◽  
Inmaculada Zamora ◽  
Francisco Javier Asensio ◽  
Oier Oñederra
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
Estimation Capacity ◽  
Runtime Models ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Real Time Simulations ◽  
Impedance Models

Electric vehicles (EVs) are a promising technology to reduce emissions, but its development enormously depends on the technology used in batteries. Nowadays, batteries based on lithium-ion (Li-Ion) seems to be the most suitable for traction, especially nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) and nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA). An appropriate model of these batteries is fundamental for the simulation of several processes inside an EV, such as the state of charge (SoC) estimation, capacity and power fade analysis, lifetime calculus, or for developing control and optimization strategies. There are different models in the current literature, among which the electric equivalent circuits stand out, being the most appropriate model when performing real-time simulations. However, impedance models for battery diagnosis are considered very attractive. In this context, this paper compares and contrasts the different electrical equivalent circuit models, impedance models, and runtime models for battery-based EV applications, addressing their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and usual applications in the field of electromobility. In this sense, this paper serves as a reference for the scientific community focused on the development of control and optimization strategies in the field of electric vehicles, since it facilitates the choice of the model that best suits the needs required.

scholarly journals Supplier Selection Model of the Lithium-ion Battery using Fuzzy AHP and Analysis of BOCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Wardayanti ◽  
Roni Zakaria ◽  
Wahyudi Sutopo ◽  
Bendjamin Benny Louhenapessy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Although the demand for the lithium-ion battery for electronic consumers and electric vehicles in Indonesia is high, there is no supplier coming from the local manufacturer. The proper selection of suppliers is required by some lithium-ion battery manufacturers (cells, modules, and packs), and Research and Development (R&D) center of the lithium-ion battery with the consideration not only in benefits and cost but also in opportunities and risks. It is important that experts assist the manufacturers and R&D to procure the lithium-ion (materials and cells), through transparent methods that seek a quantitative model to select the right supplier. The main objective of this study is to propose an analytical approach to select suppliers which incorporate Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) concept that comply with the characteristics of the lithium-ion battery industries. A fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is developed by accommodating the vagueness and inaccuracies of expert elections. The result of this research is development of the model obtained from 2 questionnaires given to the expert. Questionnaire 1 was made for the determination of criteria and sub-criteria, while Questionnaire 2 aims to perform pairwise comparisons of existing criteria and sub-criteria. In the selection of the lithium-ion battery suppliers, there are 11 criteria and 40 sub-criteria which are considered. Those criteria are divided into 4 merits and known for their respective global priorities.

scholarly journals Reliability Evaluation of Lithium-Ion Batteries for E-Mobility Applications from Practical and Technical Perspectives: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11688
Author(s):  
Foad H. Gandoman ◽  
Emad M. Ahmed ◽  
Ziad M. Ali ◽  
Maitane Berecibar ◽  
Ahmed F. Zobaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Operational Lifetime ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers

Evaluation of the reliability of the components of electric vehicles (EVs) has been studied by international research centers, industry, and original equipment manufacturers over the last few years. Li-ion batteries are the main sensitive component of an EV’s E-power train. In other words, the Li-ion batteries for electromobility applications are one of the main components of an EV, which should be reliable and safe over the operational lifetime of the EV. Thus, investigating how to assess the reliability of the Li-ion battery has been a highly recommended task in most European projects. Moreover, with the increase in the number of new EVs made by European car companies, there has been a competition for market acquisition by these companies to win over customers and gain more market share. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the evaluation of the reliability of Li-ion batteries from practical and technical perspectives. Moreover, a case study for assessing reliability from practical and technical perspectives has been investigated.

scholarly journals Research on the control strategy of power train systems for hybrid hydraulic excavators

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401879066
Author(s):  
Qihuai Chen ◽  
Tianliang Lin ◽  
Haoling Ren ◽  
Shengjie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Hydraulic Excavator ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Ultra Capacitor ◽  
Train System

Hybrid power technology is a practicable method for construction machinery to improve fuel utilization and reduce emissions. In this article, in order to achieve the maximum degree of energy conservation for hybrid hydraulic excavator, a study on a control strategy of the hybrid power train system for a 20-t hybrid hydraulic excavator is conducted. A rule-based method which stabilizes the engine operating points in high-efficiency area and maintains the state of charge of the ultra-capacitor in a feasible operating range is presented. Meanwhile, to improve the reliability of the ultra-capacitor, a two-stage state of charge constraint is applied. To validate the effectiveness of the control strategy, a hybrid power train system simulation loading experiment platform is built. The working characteristics and the energy conservation characteristics of the hybrid power train system are explored. Actual load profiles measured from a 20-t traditional excavator are measured and applied in the system. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy for the hybrid power train system can improve the fuel economy of the hybrid hydraulic excavator. Meanwhile, dynamic performance of the hybrid power train system is better than that of the traditional excavator.

scholarly journals Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5726
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wewer ◽  
Pinar Bilge ◽  
Franz Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

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